This paper models nonlinear loads using a Frequency Coupling Matrix (FCM) to estimate power and energy losses in distribution networks. Nonlinear loads from household appliances in a residential consumer are simulated using the FCM model. A small distribution feeder with five residential customers is also simulated. The simulations show the current profiles for a residential consumer match measured data. Estimates of power losses, energy losses, and associated costs are presented for the simulated distribution feeder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Grid Connected Electricity Storage Systems (2/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Development and use of Renewable Energy Sources is one of the key elements in European Electricity Research. However, connecting energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines to the electricity grid causes significant effects on these networks. Bottlenecks are stability, security, peaks in supply & demand and overall management of the grid. Energy storage systems provide means to overcome technical and economic hurdles for large-scale introduction of distributed sustainable energy sources. The GROW-DERS project (Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Flexible Storage) investigates the implementation of (transportable) distributed storage systems in the networks. The project is funded by the European Commission (FP6) and the consortium partners are KEMA, Liander, Iberdrola, MVV, EAC, SAFT, EXENDIS, CEA-INES and IPE.
In this project 3 storage systems (2 Li-ion battery systems and a flywheel) have been demonstrated at different test locations in Europe. Additionally, a dedicated software tool, PLATOS (PLAnning Tool for Optimizing Storage), has been developed by KEMA to optimize the energy management of electricity networks using storage. For each network, the location, size and type of storage systems is evaluated for all possible configurations and the most attractive option is selected.
Improvement of voltage profile for large scale power system using soft comput...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In modern power system operation, control, and planning, reactive power as part of power system component is very important in order to supply electrical load such as an electric motor. However, the reactive current that flows from the generator to load demand can cause voltage drop and active power loss. Hence, it is essential to install a compensating device such as a shunt capacitor close to the load bus to improve the voltage profile and decrease the total power loss of transmission line system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC)) to obtain the optimal size of the shunt capacitor where those capacitors are located on the critical bus. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is examined by utilizing Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) 500 kV power system grid as the test system. From the simulation results, the PSO and ABC algorithms are providing satisfactory results in obtaining the capacitor size and can reduce the total power loss of around 15.873 MW. Moreover, a different result is showed by the GA approach where the power loss in the JAMALI 500kV power grid can be compressed only up to 15.54 MW or 11.38% from the power system operation without a shunt capacitor. The three soft computing techniques could also maintain the voltage profile within 1.05 p.u and 0.95 p.u.
A New Methodology for Active Power Transmission Loss Allocation in Deregulate...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new method for transmission loss allocation in a deregulated power system. As the power loss is a nonlinear quantity, so to allocate the loss in a common transmission corrider is a difficult task. It allocates transmission losses to loads based on the actual power flow in the lossy lines due to the concerned load. Each lossy line is subdivided into as many sub-lines as corresponding to the numbers of load attached to it. The tracing of power flow through each sub-line is worked out by using proportional sharing method. The power loss in each lossy line is equal with the total loss due to all the sub-lines under it. Then by using Pro-rata for each lossy line, the individual loss for each sub-line is formulated. As the application of Pro-rata is limited to an individual line of the system, so the error in calculation is minimized. The total loss allocated to a particular load is the sum of losses occurred in each lossy lines through which the power is flowing to the concerned load. As this method is based on the actual flow of power in the transmission line corresponding to the concerned load, hence, the loss allocation made by the method gives proper and justifiable allocations to the different loads which are attached to the system. The proposed method is applied to a six-bus system and finds the mismatch in the commonly used methods. Then, it is applied to higher bus systems in which more accurate results are obtained compared to the other methods.
Normally, the character of the wind energy as a renewable energy sources has uncertainty in generation. To resolve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) drawback, this paper proposed a replacement Hybrid Multi Objective Artificial Physical Optimization (HMOAPO) algorithmic rule, which does not require any management parameters compared to different meta-heuristic algorithms within the literature. Artificial Physical Optimization (APO), a moderately new population-based intelligence algorithm, shows fine performance on improvement issues. Moreover, this paper presents hybrid variety of Animal Migration Optimization (AMO) algorithmic rule to express the convergence characteristic of APO. The OPF drawback is taken into account with six totally different check cases, the effectiveness of the proposed HMOAPO technique is tested on IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 300-bus check system. The obtained results from the HMOAPO algorithm is compared with the other improvement techniques within the literature. The obtained comparison results indicate that proposed technique is effective to succeed in best resolution for the OPF drawback.
Power quality improvement in solar fed cascaded multilevel inverter with outp...Asoka Technologies
The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Grid Connected Electricity Storage Systems (2/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Development and use of Renewable Energy Sources is one of the key elements in European Electricity Research. However, connecting energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines to the electricity grid causes significant effects on these networks. Bottlenecks are stability, security, peaks in supply & demand and overall management of the grid. Energy storage systems provide means to overcome technical and economic hurdles for large-scale introduction of distributed sustainable energy sources. The GROW-DERS project (Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Flexible Storage) investigates the implementation of (transportable) distributed storage systems in the networks. The project is funded by the European Commission (FP6) and the consortium partners are KEMA, Liander, Iberdrola, MVV, EAC, SAFT, EXENDIS, CEA-INES and IPE.
In this project 3 storage systems (2 Li-ion battery systems and a flywheel) have been demonstrated at different test locations in Europe. Additionally, a dedicated software tool, PLATOS (PLAnning Tool for Optimizing Storage), has been developed by KEMA to optimize the energy management of electricity networks using storage. For each network, the location, size and type of storage systems is evaluated for all possible configurations and the most attractive option is selected.
Improvement of voltage profile for large scale power system using soft comput...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In modern power system operation, control, and planning, reactive power as part of power system component is very important in order to supply electrical load such as an electric motor. However, the reactive current that flows from the generator to load demand can cause voltage drop and active power loss. Hence, it is essential to install a compensating device such as a shunt capacitor close to the load bus to improve the voltage profile and decrease the total power loss of transmission line system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC)) to obtain the optimal size of the shunt capacitor where those capacitors are located on the critical bus. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is examined by utilizing Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) 500 kV power system grid as the test system. From the simulation results, the PSO and ABC algorithms are providing satisfactory results in obtaining the capacitor size and can reduce the total power loss of around 15.873 MW. Moreover, a different result is showed by the GA approach where the power loss in the JAMALI 500kV power grid can be compressed only up to 15.54 MW or 11.38% from the power system operation without a shunt capacitor. The three soft computing techniques could also maintain the voltage profile within 1.05 p.u and 0.95 p.u.
A New Methodology for Active Power Transmission Loss Allocation in Deregulate...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new method for transmission loss allocation in a deregulated power system. As the power loss is a nonlinear quantity, so to allocate the loss in a common transmission corrider is a difficult task. It allocates transmission losses to loads based on the actual power flow in the lossy lines due to the concerned load. Each lossy line is subdivided into as many sub-lines as corresponding to the numbers of load attached to it. The tracing of power flow through each sub-line is worked out by using proportional sharing method. The power loss in each lossy line is equal with the total loss due to all the sub-lines under it. Then by using Pro-rata for each lossy line, the individual loss for each sub-line is formulated. As the application of Pro-rata is limited to an individual line of the system, so the error in calculation is minimized. The total loss allocated to a particular load is the sum of losses occurred in each lossy lines through which the power is flowing to the concerned load. As this method is based on the actual flow of power in the transmission line corresponding to the concerned load, hence, the loss allocation made by the method gives proper and justifiable allocations to the different loads which are attached to the system. The proposed method is applied to a six-bus system and finds the mismatch in the commonly used methods. Then, it is applied to higher bus systems in which more accurate results are obtained compared to the other methods.
Normally, the character of the wind energy as a renewable energy sources has uncertainty in generation. To resolve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) drawback, this paper proposed a replacement Hybrid Multi Objective Artificial Physical Optimization (HMOAPO) algorithmic rule, which does not require any management parameters compared to different meta-heuristic algorithms within the literature. Artificial Physical Optimization (APO), a moderately new population-based intelligence algorithm, shows fine performance on improvement issues. Moreover, this paper presents hybrid variety of Animal Migration Optimization (AMO) algorithmic rule to express the convergence characteristic of APO. The OPF drawback is taken into account with six totally different check cases, the effectiveness of the proposed HMOAPO technique is tested on IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 300-bus check system. The obtained results from the HMOAPO algorithm is compared with the other improvement techniques within the literature. The obtained comparison results indicate that proposed technique is effective to succeed in best resolution for the OPF drawback.
Power quality improvement in solar fed cascaded multilevel inverter with outp...Asoka Technologies
The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.
Optimal power flow based congestion management using enhanced genetic algorithmsIJECEIAES
Congestion management (CM) in the deregulated power systems is germane and of central importance to the power industry. In this paper, an optimal power flow (OPF) based CM approach is proposed whose objective is to minimize the absolute MW of rescheduling. The proposed optimization problem is solved with the objectives of total generation cost minimization and the total congestion cost minimization. In the centralized market clearing model, the sellers (i.e., the competitive generators) submit their incremental and decremental bid prices in a real-time balancing market. These can then be incorporated in the OPF problem to yield the incremental/ decremental change in the generator outputs. In the bilateral market model, every transaction contract will include a compensation price that the buyer-seller pair is willing to accept for its transaction to be curtailed. The modeling of bilateral transactions are equivalent to the modifying the power injections at seller and buyer buses. The proposed CM approach is solved by using the evolutionary based Enhanced Genetic Algorithms (EGA). IEEE 30 bus system is considered to show the effectiveness of proposed CM approach.
Small Signal Stability Improvement and Congestion Management Using PSO Based ...IDES Editor
In this paper an attempt has been made to study the
application of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)
to mitigate small signal stability problem in addition to
congestion management of a heavily loaded line in a
multimachine power system. The Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) devices such as TCSC can be used to control
the power flows in the network and can help in improvement
of small signal stability aspect. It can also provide relief to
congestion in the heavily loaded line. However, the
performance of any FACTS device highly depends upon its
parameters and placement at suitable locations in the power
network. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
method has been used for determining the optimal locations
and parameters of the TCSC controller in order to damp small
signal oscillations. Transmission Line Flow (TLF) Sensitivity
method has been used for curtailment of non-firm load to
limit power flow congestion. The results of simulation reveals
that TCSC controllers, placed optimally, not only mitigate
small signal oscillations but they can also alleviate line flow
congestion effectively.
Alternating optimization algorithms for power adjustment and receive filter d...LogicMindtech Nologies
NS2 Projects for M. Tech, NS2 Projects in Vijayanagar, NS2 Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, NS2 IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 NS2 Projects, WSN and MANET Projects, WSN and MANET Projects in Bangalore, WSN and MANET Projects in Vijayangar
Residential Community Load Management based on Optimal Design of Standalone H...Asoka Technologies
Microgrids being an important entity in the distribution system, and to get their full advantages
by incorporating maximum distributed generation, standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), being environmentally-safe and economically-efficient, are considered as the promising solution to electrify remote areas where the grid power is not available. In this work, a techno-economic investigation with an optimal design of HRES is presented to fulfill the domestic electricity need for a residential area of the Sherani district in the Province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Nine case studies based on PV/wind/diesel/battery are analyzed based on net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and emission to decide the feasible solution. HOMER tool is utilized to accomplish modeling and simulation for economic analysis and optimal sizing. Simulation results demonstrated that HRES with PV-wind-battery is the most viable option for the specified area, and the optimal sizing of components are also obtained with $ 28,620 NPC and 0.311 $/kWh COE which shows 81.65% reduction in cost and 100% preserving in toxic emission while fulfilling 100% energy demand with 67.3% of excess energy. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink modeling for the optimally designed system is built for technical analysis while its effectiveness is proved by keeping dc and ac buses voltage constant, safe operating range of battery state of charge (SOC) with active power balance between HRES components, as well as efficient ac voltage quality, regardless of generation disturbances and load fluctuations. The output signal has total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.30% as compared to 5.44% with the conventional control scheme. The novelty lies in the sequential application of both HOMER and MATLAB simulations of the proposed HRES model and validation of the proposition for the studied area; by using and implementing model predictive control (MPC) of a reconfigurable inverter.
An integrated boost resonant converter for photovoltaic applicationsAsoka Technologies
Effective photovoltaic power conditioning requires efficient power conversion and accurate maximum power point tracking to counteract the effects of panel mismatch, shading, and general variance in power output during a daily cycle. In this paper, the authors propose an integrated boost resonant converter with low component count, galvanic isolation, simple control, as well as
high efficiency across a wide input and load range. Provided is a discussion of the converter synthesis, key operational features, converter design procedure, and loss analysis, as well as experimental verification by way of a 250-W prototype with a California Energy Commission efficiency of 96.8%.
Power Quality Improvement in Solar Fed Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Outp...Asoka Technologies
The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.
Grid Connected Electricity Storage Systems (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Development and use of Renewable Energy Sources is one of the key elements in European Electricity Research. However, connecting energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines to the electricity grid causes significant effects on these networks. Bottlenecks are stability, security, peaks in supply & demand and overall management of the grid. Energy storage systems provide means to overcome technical and economic hurdles for large-scale introduction of distributed sustainable energy sources. The GROW-DERS project (Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Flexible Storage) investigates the implementation of (transportable) distributed storage systems in the networks. The project is funded by the European Commission (FP6) and the consortium partners are KEMA, Liander, Iberdrola, MVV, EAC, SAFT, EXENDIS, CEA-INES and IPE.
In this project 3 storage systems (2 Li-ion battery systems and a flywheel) have been demonstrated at different test locations in Europe. Additionally, a dedicated software tool, PLATOS (PLAnning Tool for Optimizing Storage), has been developed by KEMA to optimize the energy management of electricity networks using storage. For each network, the location, size and type of storage systems is evaluated for all possible configurations and the most attractive option is selected.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
Recent many works have concentrated on
dynamically turning on/off some base stations (BSs) in order to
improve energy efficiency in radio access networks (RANs). In
this survey, we broaden the research over BS switching
operations, which should competition up with traffic load
variations. The proposed method formulate the traffic variations
as a Markov decision process which should differ from dynamic
traffic loads which are still quite challenging to precisely forecast.
A reinforcement learning framework based BS switching
operation scheme was designed in order to minimize the energy
consumption of RANs. Furthermore a transfer actor-critic
algorithm (TACT) is used to speed up the ongoing learning
process, which utilizes the transferred learning expertise in
historical periods or neighboring regions. The proposed TACT
algorithm performs jumpstart and validates the feasibility of
significant energy efficiency increment.
Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss...journalBEEI
This paper presents an optimization approach for criteria setting of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) in the Green Building Rating System (GBRS). In this study, the total line loss reduction is analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process which then a reassessment of existing criteria setting for renewable energy (RE) is proposed towards lower loss outcome. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) is identified as the type of DG used in this paper. The proposed PV-DG optimization will improve the sustainable energy performance of the green building by total line losses reduction within accepted lower losses region using Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The distribution network uses bus and line data setup from selected one of each three levels of Malaysian public hospital. MATLAB simulation result shows that the PV-DG expanding capacity towards optimal scale and location provides a better outcome in minimizing total line losses within an appropriate voltage profile as compared to the current setting of PV-DG imposed in selected GBRS. Thus, reassessment of RE parameter setting and the proposed five rankings with new PV-DG setting for public hospital provides technical justification and give the best option to the green building developer for more
effective RE integration.
Optimal Distributed Generation Siting and Sizing by Considering Harmonic Limi...Editor IJLRES
Distributed Generation (DG) units are also called as Decentralized Generation and Embedded Generation. The objective is to maximize the DG penetration level, minimization of loss by optimally selecting types, locations and sizes of utility owned DG units. The DG penetration level could be limited by harmonic distortion because of the nonlinear current injected by inverter-based DG units and also protection coordination constraints because of the variation in fault current caused by synchronous-based DG units. Hence the objective is to maximize DG penetration level from both types of DG units, taking into account power balance constraints, total harmonic distortion limits, and protection coordination constraints. The Social Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (SLPSO) algorithm is used to maximize the overall DG penetration level and the proposed system is tested in the IEEE-30 bus system.
Improving Distribution System Performance in Deregulated Electricity Industry...IOSRJEEE
In many developing countries, domestic electricity consumers having single phase appliances are most times supplied with single phase meters with incoming three phase supply lines. Due to frequent phase faults, these customers often change their supply from one phase to another whenever there is low voltage or no supply in the phase they are currently connected to. This action coupled with the fact that there is uneven distribution of loads on the distribution transformers in residential areas, lead to more transformer overload with consequential loss of power, equipment, man-hours, revenue and in extreme cases, life. When electricity was treated as a welfare commodity or as part of government social responsibility, these consequences where ignored. But with commercialization, privatization and deregulation, cost minimization and profit maximization have become the watchwords. As a means of minimizing this, utilizing the concept of phase-constrained electricity billing scheme in the deregulated Nigerian Power Industry was presented in this work. The phaseconstrained billing model involves re-arranging the service lines and setting up constraint matrices to relate the phase and service lines utilizable by customer to the electricity bill using penalty factors. To test the acceptability of this model, a customer behavior and utilization index based questionnaires were administered in the field. The survey was analyzed using the statistical attitude measurement technique based on the 5-point Likert Scale. The responses obtained showed that introducing a penalty factor in the billing which ensure that those using more phases pay higher will minimize frequent change of phases; and provide a direction for utilities and customers in resolving the power quality and availability problems associated with frequent phase changing.
Comparison of Modulation Techniques for Matrix ConverterAsoka Technologies
Matrix Converters can directly convert an ac power supply of fixed voltage into an ac voltage of variable amplitude and frequency. Matrix Converter is a single stage converter. The matrix converters can contribute to the realization of low volume, sinusoidal input current, bidirectional power flow and lack of bulky reactive elements. All the reasons lead to the development of matrix converter. Based on the control techniques used in the matrix converter, the performance varies. So this paper analyses the performance of matrix converter with three different modulation techniques such as PWM, SVPWM and SVM. The basic principle and switching sequence of these modulation techniques are presented in this paper. The output voltage, output current waveforms, voltage transfer ratio and THD spectrum of switching waveforms connected to RL load are analyzed by using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulated results are analyzed and show that the THD is better for SVM technique.
Advance Data Mining - Analysis and forecasting of power factor for optimum el...Shrikant Samarth
Task: Execute a research project using data mining techniques
Approach: The topic chosen was ‘Analysis and Forecasting of Power Factor for Optimum Electric Consumption in a Household.’ Research question – What can be the best short term range of forecast for power factor patterns so that optimum energy consumption can be achieved for a household?
To answer the question, CRISM- DM method was used. The ARIMA machine learning model was developed using R.
Findings: The best short term range of forecasts for the power factor was achieved for 6 months and 12 months duration using the ARIMA model. The MAPE value for the ARIMA model was around 1.83.
Tools: Rstudio
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
Harmonic pollution of the power supply system has risen significantly in recent years due primarily
to an increase of non-linear loads connected to the utility through residential, commercial and industrial
customers. This paper, proposed a solution to eliminate the harmonics introduced by the nonlinear loads in
steady and in transients. It presents a predictive current control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from
these grid-interfacing inverters implementing conventional DC link controller and intelligence controller, when
installed in 3-phase 4-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function
device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The use of a four-leg voltage-source inverter allows
the compensation of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced current generated by three-phase
nonlinear loads. Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems
utilizing power electronic converters. The compensation performance of the proposed active power filter and the
associated hybrid PV/Wind system generation scheme with new control scheme is demonstrated to improve the
power quality features is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Optimal power flow based congestion management using enhanced genetic algorithmsIJECEIAES
Congestion management (CM) in the deregulated power systems is germane and of central importance to the power industry. In this paper, an optimal power flow (OPF) based CM approach is proposed whose objective is to minimize the absolute MW of rescheduling. The proposed optimization problem is solved with the objectives of total generation cost minimization and the total congestion cost minimization. In the centralized market clearing model, the sellers (i.e., the competitive generators) submit their incremental and decremental bid prices in a real-time balancing market. These can then be incorporated in the OPF problem to yield the incremental/ decremental change in the generator outputs. In the bilateral market model, every transaction contract will include a compensation price that the buyer-seller pair is willing to accept for its transaction to be curtailed. The modeling of bilateral transactions are equivalent to the modifying the power injections at seller and buyer buses. The proposed CM approach is solved by using the evolutionary based Enhanced Genetic Algorithms (EGA). IEEE 30 bus system is considered to show the effectiveness of proposed CM approach.
Small Signal Stability Improvement and Congestion Management Using PSO Based ...IDES Editor
In this paper an attempt has been made to study the
application of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)
to mitigate small signal stability problem in addition to
congestion management of a heavily loaded line in a
multimachine power system. The Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) devices such as TCSC can be used to control
the power flows in the network and can help in improvement
of small signal stability aspect. It can also provide relief to
congestion in the heavily loaded line. However, the
performance of any FACTS device highly depends upon its
parameters and placement at suitable locations in the power
network. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
method has been used for determining the optimal locations
and parameters of the TCSC controller in order to damp small
signal oscillations. Transmission Line Flow (TLF) Sensitivity
method has been used for curtailment of non-firm load to
limit power flow congestion. The results of simulation reveals
that TCSC controllers, placed optimally, not only mitigate
small signal oscillations but they can also alleviate line flow
congestion effectively.
Alternating optimization algorithms for power adjustment and receive filter d...LogicMindtech Nologies
NS2 Projects for M. Tech, NS2 Projects in Vijayanagar, NS2 Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, NS2 IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 NS2 Projects, WSN and MANET Projects, WSN and MANET Projects in Bangalore, WSN and MANET Projects in Vijayangar
Residential Community Load Management based on Optimal Design of Standalone H...Asoka Technologies
Microgrids being an important entity in the distribution system, and to get their full advantages
by incorporating maximum distributed generation, standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), being environmentally-safe and economically-efficient, are considered as the promising solution to electrify remote areas where the grid power is not available. In this work, a techno-economic investigation with an optimal design of HRES is presented to fulfill the domestic electricity need for a residential area of the Sherani district in the Province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Nine case studies based on PV/wind/diesel/battery are analyzed based on net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and emission to decide the feasible solution. HOMER tool is utilized to accomplish modeling and simulation for economic analysis and optimal sizing. Simulation results demonstrated that HRES with PV-wind-battery is the most viable option for the specified area, and the optimal sizing of components are also obtained with $ 28,620 NPC and 0.311 $/kWh COE which shows 81.65% reduction in cost and 100% preserving in toxic emission while fulfilling 100% energy demand with 67.3% of excess energy. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink modeling for the optimally designed system is built for technical analysis while its effectiveness is proved by keeping dc and ac buses voltage constant, safe operating range of battery state of charge (SOC) with active power balance between HRES components, as well as efficient ac voltage quality, regardless of generation disturbances and load fluctuations. The output signal has total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.30% as compared to 5.44% with the conventional control scheme. The novelty lies in the sequential application of both HOMER and MATLAB simulations of the proposed HRES model and validation of the proposition for the studied area; by using and implementing model predictive control (MPC) of a reconfigurable inverter.
An integrated boost resonant converter for photovoltaic applicationsAsoka Technologies
Effective photovoltaic power conditioning requires efficient power conversion and accurate maximum power point tracking to counteract the effects of panel mismatch, shading, and general variance in power output during a daily cycle. In this paper, the authors propose an integrated boost resonant converter with low component count, galvanic isolation, simple control, as well as
high efficiency across a wide input and load range. Provided is a discussion of the converter synthesis, key operational features, converter design procedure, and loss analysis, as well as experimental verification by way of a 250-W prototype with a California Energy Commission efficiency of 96.8%.
Power Quality Improvement in Solar Fed Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Outp...Asoka Technologies
The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.
Grid Connected Electricity Storage Systems (1/2)Leonardo ENERGY
Development and use of Renewable Energy Sources is one of the key elements in European Electricity Research. However, connecting energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind turbines to the electricity grid causes significant effects on these networks. Bottlenecks are stability, security, peaks in supply & demand and overall management of the grid. Energy storage systems provide means to overcome technical and economic hurdles for large-scale introduction of distributed sustainable energy sources. The GROW-DERS project (Grid Reliability and Operability with Distributed Generation using Flexible Storage) investigates the implementation of (transportable) distributed storage systems in the networks. The project is funded by the European Commission (FP6) and the consortium partners are KEMA, Liander, Iberdrola, MVV, EAC, SAFT, EXENDIS, CEA-INES and IPE.
In this project 3 storage systems (2 Li-ion battery systems and a flywheel) have been demonstrated at different test locations in Europe. Additionally, a dedicated software tool, PLATOS (PLAnning Tool for Optimizing Storage), has been developed by KEMA to optimize the energy management of electricity networks using storage. For each network, the location, size and type of storage systems is evaluated for all possible configurations and the most attractive option is selected.
Multi-objective optimal placement of distributed generations for dynamic loadsIJECEIAES
Large amount of active power losses and low voltage profile are the two major issues concerning the integration of distributed generations with existing power system networks. High R/X ratio and long distance of radial network further aggravates the issues. Optimal placement of distributed generators can address these issues significantly by alleviating active power losses and ameliorating voltage profile in a cost effective manner. In this research, multi-objective optimal placement problem is decomposed into minimization of total active power losses, maximization of bus voltage profile enhancement and minimization of total generation cost of a power system network for static and dynamic load characteristics. Optimum utilization factor for installed generators and available loads is scaled by the analysis of yearly load-demand curve of a network. The developed algorithm of N-bus system is implemented in IEEE-14 bus standard test system to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in different loading conditions.
Recent many works have concentrated on
dynamically turning on/off some base stations (BSs) in order to
improve energy efficiency in radio access networks (RANs). In
this survey, we broaden the research over BS switching
operations, which should competition up with traffic load
variations. The proposed method formulate the traffic variations
as a Markov decision process which should differ from dynamic
traffic loads which are still quite challenging to precisely forecast.
A reinforcement learning framework based BS switching
operation scheme was designed in order to minimize the energy
consumption of RANs. Furthermore a transfer actor-critic
algorithm (TACT) is used to speed up the ongoing learning
process, which utilizes the transferred learning expertise in
historical periods or neighboring regions. The proposed TACT
algorithm performs jumpstart and validates the feasibility of
significant energy efficiency increment.
Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss...journalBEEI
This paper presents an optimization approach for criteria setting of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) in the Green Building Rating System (GBRS). In this study, the total line loss reduction is analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process which then a reassessment of existing criteria setting for renewable energy (RE) is proposed towards lower loss outcome. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) is identified as the type of DG used in this paper. The proposed PV-DG optimization will improve the sustainable energy performance of the green building by total line losses reduction within accepted lower losses region using Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The distribution network uses bus and line data setup from selected one of each three levels of Malaysian public hospital. MATLAB simulation result shows that the PV-DG expanding capacity towards optimal scale and location provides a better outcome in minimizing total line losses within an appropriate voltage profile as compared to the current setting of PV-DG imposed in selected GBRS. Thus, reassessment of RE parameter setting and the proposed five rankings with new PV-DG setting for public hospital provides technical justification and give the best option to the green building developer for more
effective RE integration.
Optimal Distributed Generation Siting and Sizing by Considering Harmonic Limi...Editor IJLRES
Distributed Generation (DG) units are also called as Decentralized Generation and Embedded Generation. The objective is to maximize the DG penetration level, minimization of loss by optimally selecting types, locations and sizes of utility owned DG units. The DG penetration level could be limited by harmonic distortion because of the nonlinear current injected by inverter-based DG units and also protection coordination constraints because of the variation in fault current caused by synchronous-based DG units. Hence the objective is to maximize DG penetration level from both types of DG units, taking into account power balance constraints, total harmonic distortion limits, and protection coordination constraints. The Social Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (SLPSO) algorithm is used to maximize the overall DG penetration level and the proposed system is tested in the IEEE-30 bus system.
Improving Distribution System Performance in Deregulated Electricity Industry...IOSRJEEE
In many developing countries, domestic electricity consumers having single phase appliances are most times supplied with single phase meters with incoming three phase supply lines. Due to frequent phase faults, these customers often change their supply from one phase to another whenever there is low voltage or no supply in the phase they are currently connected to. This action coupled with the fact that there is uneven distribution of loads on the distribution transformers in residential areas, lead to more transformer overload with consequential loss of power, equipment, man-hours, revenue and in extreme cases, life. When electricity was treated as a welfare commodity or as part of government social responsibility, these consequences where ignored. But with commercialization, privatization and deregulation, cost minimization and profit maximization have become the watchwords. As a means of minimizing this, utilizing the concept of phase-constrained electricity billing scheme in the deregulated Nigerian Power Industry was presented in this work. The phaseconstrained billing model involves re-arranging the service lines and setting up constraint matrices to relate the phase and service lines utilizable by customer to the electricity bill using penalty factors. To test the acceptability of this model, a customer behavior and utilization index based questionnaires were administered in the field. The survey was analyzed using the statistical attitude measurement technique based on the 5-point Likert Scale. The responses obtained showed that introducing a penalty factor in the billing which ensure that those using more phases pay higher will minimize frequent change of phases; and provide a direction for utilities and customers in resolving the power quality and availability problems associated with frequent phase changing.
Comparison of Modulation Techniques for Matrix ConverterAsoka Technologies
Matrix Converters can directly convert an ac power supply of fixed voltage into an ac voltage of variable amplitude and frequency. Matrix Converter is a single stage converter. The matrix converters can contribute to the realization of low volume, sinusoidal input current, bidirectional power flow and lack of bulky reactive elements. All the reasons lead to the development of matrix converter. Based on the control techniques used in the matrix converter, the performance varies. So this paper analyses the performance of matrix converter with three different modulation techniques such as PWM, SVPWM and SVM. The basic principle and switching sequence of these modulation techniques are presented in this paper. The output voltage, output current waveforms, voltage transfer ratio and THD spectrum of switching waveforms connected to RL load are analyzed by using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulated results are analyzed and show that the THD is better for SVM technique.
Advance Data Mining - Analysis and forecasting of power factor for optimum el...Shrikant Samarth
Task: Execute a research project using data mining techniques
Approach: The topic chosen was ‘Analysis and Forecasting of Power Factor for Optimum Electric Consumption in a Household.’ Research question – What can be the best short term range of forecast for power factor patterns so that optimum energy consumption can be achieved for a household?
To answer the question, CRISM- DM method was used. The ARIMA machine learning model was developed using R.
Findings: The best short term range of forecasts for the power factor was achieved for 6 months and 12 months duration using the ARIMA model. The MAPE value for the ARIMA model was around 1.83.
Tools: Rstudio
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
Harmonic pollution of the power supply system has risen significantly in recent years due primarily
to an increase of non-linear loads connected to the utility through residential, commercial and industrial
customers. This paper, proposed a solution to eliminate the harmonics introduced by the nonlinear loads in
steady and in transients. It presents a predictive current control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from
these grid-interfacing inverters implementing conventional DC link controller and intelligence controller, when
installed in 3-phase 4-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function
device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The use of a four-leg voltage-source inverter allows
the compensation of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced current generated by three-phase
nonlinear loads. Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems
utilizing power electronic converters. The compensation performance of the proposed active power filter and the
associated hybrid PV/Wind system generation scheme with new control scheme is demonstrated to improve the
power quality features is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Emc model for modern power electronic systems for harmonics, losses & emi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronic systems becomes an engineering discipline and it should be considered at the
beginning stage of a design. Thus, a power electronics design becomes more complex and challenging and it requires a good
communication between EMI and Power electronics experts. Three major issues in designing a power electronic system are Losses,
EMI and Harmonics. These issues affect system cost, size, efficiency and quality and it is a tradeoff between these factors when we
design a power converter, filter. In this paper the EMC model is discussed which should be considered while designing the power
electronics systems. The design considerations in this paper help us to remove losses, harmonics & EMI elimination and power
quality improvement of Power systems.
Index Terms: Converter, EMI, EMC, Filter, Harmonics
Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Usi...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter
(SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation.
The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of nonlinear
loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy
logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology
not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system.
These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also
observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and
Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
A Novel Approach of Harmonic Reduction with Transformer Connected 3-Phase Mul...IJMER
This paper proposes a multilevel inverter arrangement employing a series connected transformer to suppress 5th,7th,11th &13th order harmonics(generated by non-linear loads).In the proposed scheme sinusoidal pwm signal generation technique is used for three phase multilevel VSI in conjunction with series connected transformer .The proposed model eliminates the need of output filter inductor. With this control strategy harmonic components of output voltage and switching losses can be
minimized considerably. Simulation results verify the proposed concept and indicates that the transformer is capable of reducing the harmonics in the line
Current Compensation with Reduced Rating VSC and A ZIG –ZAG Transformer an A ...IJERA Editor
A reduced rating voltage-source converter with a zig-zag transformer as a distribution static compensator is proposed for power-quality improvement in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The source voltages in the distribution systems are also experiencing power quality problems, such as harmonics, unbalance, flicker, sag, swell, etc. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensating power quality problems in the current, and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used for mitigating the power quality problems in the voltage. The zig-zag transformer is used for the neutral current compensation. Distribution systems are facing severe power-quality (PQ) problems, such as poor voltage regulation, high reactive power and harmonics current burden, load unbalancing, excessive neutral current, etc. The zig-zag transformer is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current. The DSTATCOM is used to improve the quality of power to the non linear loads. By using both zig-zag transformer and DSTATCOM in the distribution system the rating of the voltage source converter can be reduced. Hence it can be also called reduced rating device. The performance of the DSTATCOM is validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system block set toolboxes.
Comparative study of methods for optimal reactive power dispatchelelijjournal
Reactive power dispatch plays a main role in order to provide good facility secure and economic operation
in the power system. In a power system optimal reactive power dispatch is supported to improve the voltage
profile, to reduce losses, to improve voltage stability, to reduce cost etc. This paper presents a brief literature survey of reactive power dispatch and also discusses a comparative study of conventional and evolutionary computation techniques applied for reactive power dispatch. The paper is useful for researchers for further research and study so that it can apply in the various areas of power system
Introduction
Power systems globally are experiencing a transition towards decarbonisation of electricity production through large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), which are gradually displacing conventional thermal plant. This changing environment is seeing a proliferation of power electronic converters connecting at all voltage levels in power systems, namely RES, FACTS devices, HVDC systems, domestic load, etc. These devices are highly non-linear and emit harmonics at the point of connection, but also modify pre-existing harmonics in the network. In addition, increased installation of HVAC cables is creating system resonances at frequencies close to the characteristic emissions from these non-linear devices. As a result, many power systems are already experiencing an increase in harmonic distortion. Power quality issues associated with harmonics in power systems are becoming more pronounced and are driving a new focus towards the need to undertake detailed analysis at the planning stages in order to ensure adherence to statutory limits.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
PEDSTC 2013_Elham Karimi
1. IEEE-VPPC 2009
E. Karimi, V. Najmi, H. Mokhtari
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Using Frequency Coupling Matrix for
Estimation of Distribution Network Losses
AbstractAbstract
ConclusionConclusion
Harmonic producing loads, which are
increasingly used in industries, cause power
quality problems as well as increase in
system losses. To deal with the problems
associated with harmonics and to reduce
their effects on power networks, study of the
effects of non-linear loads on distribution
networks is essential. In this paper, the non-
linear loads of residential consumers are
modeled and simulated. A typical residential
consumer and a simplified short feeder are
simulated in order to make an estimation of
the power and energy losses and their
corresponding costs. The simulations are
verified using practical measurements from
real customers.
The common method for modeling the
nonlinear characteristics of harmonic
producing loads is linearization about an
operating point. The Constant Current Source
model and Norton model have been widely
used for modeling and investigating the
behavior of nonlinear loads. These models
are not accurate enough for precise analysis
of the effects of harmonic currents on the
network. A more complex method which is
called Frequency Coupling Matrix (FCM)
model or admittance matrix model is more
accurate than the other linearization methods.
Modelling of Non-Linear LoadsModelling of Non-Linear Loads
FCM model representation of a nonlinear load
Simulation of Distribution Feeder Losses
PEDSTC2013
http://www.pedstc.org
Sharif University Technology
PEDSTC 2013
Study and investigation of distribution systems losses needs a valid and accurate model of constitutive
components. Modeling of nonlinear loads based on FCM model is used in this paper in order to model the
characteristics of the nonlinear loads in a residential customer to make an estimation of the power and
energy losses in distribution networks.
Household appliances are modeled and used to form a typical residential consumer. A small feeder with
five residential customers is considered to estimate the total power losses. The models used for nonlinear
loads are verified by experimental load measurements.
• Simulation of a Residential Consumer
Simulation has been done using the FCM model of
CFLs, PCs and Fluorescent Lamps and Norton
equivalent model of some other appliances such as
Incandescent lamp, Fan, Lap top, Vacuum, Hair drier,
Washing Machine, Refrigerator and TV.
Simulated current profile for a typical
residential load during 24 hours
Current profile of a real residential
consumer during 24 hours
The simulation results show that the proposed model
can model the behavior of a residential customer over a
24-hour period. This means that the current profile of
every residential consumer can be achieved by
changing the switching algorithm of the household
appliances. The results of the simulation currents of the
3rd, 5th and the 7th harmonics are also compared with
those of the measurement results which show a great
analogy.
• Distribution Feeder Losses
To investigate the distribution losses and their resulting
costs, a number of typical residential consumers are used
to model a small part of a distribution system. The feeder is
composed of five residential customers.
Total active Power supplied from feeder for
customers
Total active power loss of the simulated
feeder
Table I describes the estimated dissipated power and
energy and their costs based on the simulation of the
sample feeder. The base price of energy is assumed 0.8
$ per kilowatt-hour.
Average Power
Losses at 1
day(W)
Average energy
Losses at 1 day
(KWh)
Estimated energy
losses in 1 year
(KWh)
Cost of losses in
1 year) ($
280.859 6.7406 2426.6218 .1941 2974
