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Pedigrees
- 1. Mind Stretcher 2/11/16 1. Asexual reproduction relates to humans in that A. none of our body cells reproduce this way. B. many body cells reproduce this way. C. the parent cells do not divide. D. meiosis occurs. 2. How are sex cells different from other human cells? A.They have more chromosomes. B.They have half as many chromosomes. C.They are larger. D.They have no chromosomes. 02/11/16 1
- 2. Pedigrees
- 3. 02/11/16 3 What is a Pedigree? • A family tree • A pedigree is a diagram of family history over several generations. It uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. • These diagrams make it easier to visualize relationships within families, particularly large extended families. • Pedigrees are often used to determine the mode of inheritance (dominant, recessive,) of genetic diseases.
- 5. 02/11/16 5 Reading A Pedigree • Squares represent males. • Circles represent females. • Horizontal lines connecting a male and female represent a marriage. • Vertical lines extending downward from a couple represent their children. • Oldest individuals are found at the top of the pedigree.
- 6. 02/11/16 6 Lets look again. • How many males? • How many females? • How many generations?
- 7. 02/11/16 7 Purpose • The purpose of a pedigree is to analyze the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait. • The symbol of all individuals that possess this trait are shaded in.
- 8. 02/11/16 8 Dominant or Recessive Traits • Determine whether the disorder is dominant or recessive. – If the disorder is dominant, one of the parents must have the disorder. – If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous.
- 9. 02/11/16 9 Example of Pedigree Charts • Dominant or Recessive?
- 10. 02/11/16 10 Dominant!! Because one parent carries the trait.
- 11. 02/11/16 11 Dominant or Recessive
- 12. 02/11/16 12 Recessive. Because neither parent carries the disorder.
- 13. 02/11/16 13
Editor's Notes
- The second step is to determine if the disorder is dominant or recessive. It is important to find out if a disorder is dominant or recessive. For example, Huntington’s disease is a dominant disorder. If you have only one dominant gene you will have Huntington’s disease, which is a lethal disorder. The disorder does not show up until a person is in their middle ages such as 45. It will quickly decrease their motor skills and the brain will begin to deteriorate. If a disorder is dominant, one parent must have the disorder (either homozygous dominant (TT) or heterozygous recessive (Tt). Both parents do not have to have the disorder. One parent might not have the disorder or be a carrier. If a disease is dominant, it does not skip a generation unless one parent is heterozygous dominant (Tt) and the other parent is homozygous recessive (tt). In this case the child has a chance of not receiving the dominant gene. If the disorder is recessive, a parent does not have to have the disorder, but could still pass it to their offspring. This would happen when a parent is heterozygous recessive (Tt) and passes on the recessive (t) gene. This means this disorder can skip generations. An example of a recessive disorder would be sickle cell anemia.
- Is this pedigree dominant or recessive?