Children have oral mucosal conditions and other head and neck medical problems which have both similarities and differences to those found in adults .
A wide variety of oral lesions and soft tissue anomalies are detected in children, but the low frequency at which many of these entities occur makes them challenging to clinically diagnose.
This document provides an overview of a student presentation on pediatric oral pathology. It discusses various developmental conditions like orofacial clefts, palatal cysts of newborns, congenital epulis, natal/neonatal teeth, ankyloglossia, and congenital absence of teeth. It also covers odontogenic conditions, reactive lesions, infections, and developmental abnormalities seen in pediatric oral pathology. Treatment approaches for many of these conditions are mentioned as well.
THE PRESENTATION INCLUDES VARIOUS ASPECTS IN PEDODONTIC AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY THAT PROVIDES both primary and comprehensive, preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs.
This document discusses cleft lip and cleft palate, which are birth defects where the lip and roof of the mouth do not fully form. Cleft lip involves a separation of the upper lip, while cleft palate involves an opening in the roof of the mouth. The causes may include genetic and environmental factors. Treatment requires a team approach including surgery and other therapies. Dental problems are common in individuals with cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information on various types of lesions and disorders that can occur on the lips. It begins with background on lip anatomy and development. It then classifies and describes different colored, ulcerative, elevated, and developmental lesions that may affect the lips. Specific disorders covered in more depth include cheilitis (inflammation of the lips), angular cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, and drug-induced cheilitis. Cleft lip and other congenital abnormalities are also summarized. The document provides details on causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management for each condition.
This seminar includes features of the normal periodontium seen in children along with various gingival and periodontal diseases seen in children with updated classifications along with clinical features and treatment modalities and a note on clinical assessment of oral cleanliness and periodontal diseases
This document provides information on odontogenic development, tooth histogenesis, the life cycle of a tooth, and various odontogenic pathologies including fusion, gemination, concresence, attrition, abrasion, erosion, enamel hypoplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta, early childhood caries, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, craniofacial anomalies like cleft lip and palate, and systemic conditions that can affect oral and dental development such as achondroplasia, gigantism, gingivostomatitis, coxsackie virus, cretinism, and Down syndrome. Key details are presented on the characteristics, causes, and treatments for these
This document provides an overview of a student presentation on pediatric oral pathology. It discusses various developmental conditions like orofacial clefts, palatal cysts of newborns, congenital epulis, natal/neonatal teeth, ankyloglossia, and congenital absence of teeth. It also covers odontogenic conditions, reactive lesions, infections, and developmental abnormalities seen in pediatric oral pathology. Treatment approaches for many of these conditions are mentioned as well.
THE PRESENTATION INCLUDES VARIOUS ASPECTS IN PEDODONTIC AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY THAT PROVIDES both primary and comprehensive, preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs.
This document discusses cleft lip and cleft palate, which are birth defects where the lip and roof of the mouth do not fully form. Cleft lip involves a separation of the upper lip, while cleft palate involves an opening in the roof of the mouth. The causes may include genetic and environmental factors. Treatment requires a team approach including surgery and other therapies. Dental problems are common in individuals with cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information on various types of lesions and disorders that can occur on the lips. It begins with background on lip anatomy and development. It then classifies and describes different colored, ulcerative, elevated, and developmental lesions that may affect the lips. Specific disorders covered in more depth include cheilitis (inflammation of the lips), angular cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, exfoliative cheilitis, plasma cell cheilitis, and drug-induced cheilitis. Cleft lip and other congenital abnormalities are also summarized. The document provides details on causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management for each condition.
This seminar includes features of the normal periodontium seen in children along with various gingival and periodontal diseases seen in children with updated classifications along with clinical features and treatment modalities and a note on clinical assessment of oral cleanliness and periodontal diseases
This document provides information on odontogenic development, tooth histogenesis, the life cycle of a tooth, and various odontogenic pathologies including fusion, gemination, concresence, attrition, abrasion, erosion, enamel hypoplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta, early childhood caries, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, craniofacial anomalies like cleft lip and palate, and systemic conditions that can affect oral and dental development such as achondroplasia, gigantism, gingivostomatitis, coxsackie virus, cretinism, and Down syndrome. Key details are presented on the characteristics, causes, and treatments for these
This document describes several normal anatomical variants and developmental anomalies that can occur in the oral cavity. It discusses conditions like linea alba, leukoedema, oral pigmentation, lingual tonsils, and Fordyce's granules as normal variants. Developmental anomalies covered include ankyloglossia, cleft lip, cleft palate, bifid tongue, double lip, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, multiple exostoses, and fibrous developmental malformation. Each condition is briefly described in terms of its clinical presentation, incidence, treatment if needed, and differential diagnosis.
This document provides information about cleft lip and cleft palate including causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and social aspects. It describes how cleft lip occurs when the tissues of the lip do not fully fuse before birth, and cleft palate occurs when the roof of the mouth does not fully close. Treatment often begins in infancy and may include surgery, dental care, speech therapy, and psychological support. The document also discusses cultural beliefs and stigma around cleft conditions as well as organizations providing cleft care in India.
This document discusses gingival diseases that can affect children. It begins by describing normal pediatric periodontium and then classifies and describes various gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque-induced gingivitis, acute conditions like herpes gingivostomatitis and recurrent aphthous ulcers, and gingival diseases modified by systemic factors. Treatment options are provided for each condition with an emphasis on prevention, improved oral hygiene and dental care, and management of predisposing factors.
management of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptx
Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in children is a presentation that covers various gingival and periodontal diseases that can affect children. It begins with an introduction to how periodontal diseases often begin in childhood and the importance of early detection and treatment. It then discusses various gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque induced gingivitis, allergies and gingival inflammation. It also covers acute gingival diseases such as herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute candidiasis. Treatment options are provided for each condition.
Dr. Vartika Srivastava presented a seminar on gingival diseases in childhood. The seminar covered the normal periodontium in children, classifications of gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque induced gingivitis, acute gingival diseases like herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Treatment options for these conditions in children were also discussed. The seminar emphasized the importance of early detection and treatment of gingival diseases in childhood for preventive benefits and lifetime periodontal health.
This document discusses various disorders of the tongue and taste, including:
- Developmental tongue disorders like microglossia and macroglossia. Lingual thyroid is also discussed.
- Infections of the tongue caused by viruses like HSV and fungi like Candida. EBV can cause oral hairy leukoplakia.
- HIV/AIDS can be associated with oral candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and oral hairy leukoplakia of the tongue.
- Taste abnormalities like ageusia, hypogeusia, hypergeusia and dysgeusia are also summarized.
Developmental disorders of orofacial structures dental oral pathologyDr-Faisal Al-Qahtani
This document discusses various developmental disorders of orofacial structures including clefts, disorders of the lips, tongue, jaws, and thyroid gland. It describes the different types of clefts such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate. It discusses the etiology, frequency, treatment approaches including surgery, and genetic counseling for cleft disorders. It also summarizes various developmental disorders of the lips, tongue, jaws and lingual thyroid gland providing details on clinical features and treatment approaches.
This document discusses gingival enlargement from multiple perspectives. It begins by defining key terms like hyperplasia and hypertrophy. It then categorizes enlargement based on location, etiology, degree, and associated conditions. Chronic inflammatory enlargement and acute conditions like gingival abscesses are explained. Drug-induced, hereditary, and condition-associated enlargements are explored. Systemic diseases that can cause enlargement like leukemia and Wegener's granulomatosis are summarized. The document concludes with an overview of neoplastic enlargements.
This document summarizes several developmental disturbances that can affect the tongue, including:
- Aglossia/microglossia syndrome which results in a small, underdeveloped tongue and associated malformations.
- Macroglossia/hypertrophy of the tongue which can be true enlargement or pseudomacroglossia due to other factors. Examination is needed to differentiate.
- Ankyloglossia/tongue-tie where the frenulum restricts tongue movement but often resolves on its own and may not require surgery.
- Cleft tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, benign migratory glossitis, and hairy tongue which are benign conditions
This document discusses cleft lip and palate, including the embryology, causes, problems individuals may experience, and treatment approaches. It notes that clefts occur due to failure of fusion during embryonic development. Individuals with clefts often experience dental issues, malocclusion, speech difficulties, and ear problems. Treatment is multi-disciplinary and involves surgical procedures like cheilorrhaphy to repair the lip and palatorrhaphy to repair the hard and soft palate, as well as alveolar bone grafts and dental treatments throughout development. The goal is to correct anatomical issues and produce normal function and appearance.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
There are lots of diseases and condition that can occur in oral oral cavity which has huge effect in our overall heath . here are the few condition discussed along with there etiology , sign , symptoms and their treatment .
Dr. Hazem El Ajrami discusses the prevention of periodontal disease. He outlines several key points:
- Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation along the gums and teeth. Regular removal of plaque through brushing and other methods can prevent periodontal disease.
- Both local factors like untreated cavities, occlusal abnormalities, and systemic factors like diabetes or medications can increase risk of periodontal disease by affecting the body's response to plaque.
- Preventive measures include regular dental cleanings to remove built-up calculus, maintaining good oral hygiene through proper brushing techniques, and eating a balanced diet to stimulate gum health. Periodic checkups are important to monitor for bone
This document discusses gingival enlargement, which can be caused by inflammation, fibrous overgrowth, or a combination. It classifies enlargements as inflammatory (chronic, acute), drug-induced, associated with systemic diseases/conditions, or neoplastic. Drug-induced cases are often seen with anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, or calcium channel blockers. Enlargements associated with conditions include pregnancy, puberty, and vitamin C deficiency. Treatment focuses on eliminating the etiologic cause through discontinuing causative drugs, gingivectomy, or flap surgery with gingivectomy.
1 - ECC, Nursing Caries and Rampant Caries.pptxEUROUNDISA
This document discusses early childhood caries, nursing caries, and rampant caries. It defines each condition and describes their etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Early childhood caries is defined as having one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child under 6 years old. Nursing caries is caused by prolonged bottle feeding and is characterized by lesions on the maxillary anterior teeth. Rampant caries occurs rapidly and affects surfaces usually resistant to decay. Diagnosis involves visual-tactile-radiographic examination. Management focuses on emergency relief, preventing further decay, and restoring carious lesions.
The document discusses oral candidiasis, a common fungal infection caused by Candida species that is more prevalent in diabetics. Risk factors for diabetics include high salivary glucose levels, low saliva secretion, and impaired immune defenses. Symptoms include white patches or lesions in the mouth and throat that can cause soreness. Treatment involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally. Preventive measures for diabetics include controlling blood sugar, drinking water, cleaning dentures, and removing dentures at night.
This document discusses natal and neonatal teeth. Natal teeth are present at birth, while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month of life. They are uncommon anomalies that can lead to complications like feeding difficulties, trauma to the tongue, and premature eruption of other teeth. Management may involve smoothing sharp edges, protective dressings, or extraction if the tooth is loose or interfering with feeding. The exact causes are unknown but may involve genetic and environmental factors.
This document describes several normal anatomical variants and developmental anomalies that can occur in the oral cavity. It discusses conditions like linea alba, leukoedema, oral pigmentation, lingual tonsils, and Fordyce's granules as normal variants. Developmental anomalies covered include ankyloglossia, cleft lip, cleft palate, bifid tongue, double lip, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, multiple exostoses, and fibrous developmental malformation. Each condition is briefly described in terms of its clinical presentation, incidence, treatment if needed, and differential diagnosis.
This document provides information about cleft lip and cleft palate including causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and social aspects. It describes how cleft lip occurs when the tissues of the lip do not fully fuse before birth, and cleft palate occurs when the roof of the mouth does not fully close. Treatment often begins in infancy and may include surgery, dental care, speech therapy, and psychological support. The document also discusses cultural beliefs and stigma around cleft conditions as well as organizations providing cleft care in India.
This document discusses gingival diseases that can affect children. It begins by describing normal pediatric periodontium and then classifies and describes various gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque-induced gingivitis, acute conditions like herpes gingivostomatitis and recurrent aphthous ulcers, and gingival diseases modified by systemic factors. Treatment options are provided for each condition with an emphasis on prevention, improved oral hygiene and dental care, and management of predisposing factors.
management of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptxmanagement of orofacial clefts.pptx
Gingival and Periodontal Diseases in children is a presentation that covers various gingival and periodontal diseases that can affect children. It begins with an introduction to how periodontal diseases often begin in childhood and the importance of early detection and treatment. It then discusses various gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque induced gingivitis, allergies and gingival inflammation. It also covers acute gingival diseases such as herpetic gingivostomatitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute candidiasis. Treatment options are provided for each condition.
Dr. Vartika Srivastava presented a seminar on gingival diseases in childhood. The seminar covered the normal periodontium in children, classifications of gingival diseases including eruption gingivitis, dental plaque induced gingivitis, acute gingival diseases like herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent aphthous ulcers. Treatment options for these conditions in children were also discussed. The seminar emphasized the importance of early detection and treatment of gingival diseases in childhood for preventive benefits and lifetime periodontal health.
This document discusses various disorders of the tongue and taste, including:
- Developmental tongue disorders like microglossia and macroglossia. Lingual thyroid is also discussed.
- Infections of the tongue caused by viruses like HSV and fungi like Candida. EBV can cause oral hairy leukoplakia.
- HIV/AIDS can be associated with oral candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and oral hairy leukoplakia of the tongue.
- Taste abnormalities like ageusia, hypogeusia, hypergeusia and dysgeusia are also summarized.
Developmental disorders of orofacial structures dental oral pathologyDr-Faisal Al-Qahtani
This document discusses various developmental disorders of orofacial structures including clefts, disorders of the lips, tongue, jaws, and thyroid gland. It describes the different types of clefts such as cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate. It discusses the etiology, frequency, treatment approaches including surgery, and genetic counseling for cleft disorders. It also summarizes various developmental disorders of the lips, tongue, jaws and lingual thyroid gland providing details on clinical features and treatment approaches.
This document discusses gingival enlargement from multiple perspectives. It begins by defining key terms like hyperplasia and hypertrophy. It then categorizes enlargement based on location, etiology, degree, and associated conditions. Chronic inflammatory enlargement and acute conditions like gingival abscesses are explained. Drug-induced, hereditary, and condition-associated enlargements are explored. Systemic diseases that can cause enlargement like leukemia and Wegener's granulomatosis are summarized. The document concludes with an overview of neoplastic enlargements.
This document summarizes several developmental disturbances that can affect the tongue, including:
- Aglossia/microglossia syndrome which results in a small, underdeveloped tongue and associated malformations.
- Macroglossia/hypertrophy of the tongue which can be true enlargement or pseudomacroglossia due to other factors. Examination is needed to differentiate.
- Ankyloglossia/tongue-tie where the frenulum restricts tongue movement but often resolves on its own and may not require surgery.
- Cleft tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, benign migratory glossitis, and hairy tongue which are benign conditions
This document discusses cleft lip and palate, including the embryology, causes, problems individuals may experience, and treatment approaches. It notes that clefts occur due to failure of fusion during embryonic development. Individuals with clefts often experience dental issues, malocclusion, speech difficulties, and ear problems. Treatment is multi-disciplinary and involves surgical procedures like cheilorrhaphy to repair the lip and palatorrhaphy to repair the hard and soft palate, as well as alveolar bone grafts and dental treatments throughout development. The goal is to correct anatomical issues and produce normal function and appearance.
1. Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and potential bone and tissue destruction if left untreated.
2. Proper oral hygiene through regular brushing and flossing is important to mechanically remove plaque and prevent periodontal disease. Effective brushing techniques like the roll method and Charter's method can help clean between teeth and massage gums.
3. In addition to home care, regular dental cleanings every 3-4 months may be needed to remove tartar buildup which can lead to periodontal disease. Maintaining good oral hygiene from a young age helps prevent periodontal problems.
There are lots of diseases and condition that can occur in oral oral cavity which has huge effect in our overall heath . here are the few condition discussed along with there etiology , sign , symptoms and their treatment .
Dr. Hazem El Ajrami discusses the prevention of periodontal disease. He outlines several key points:
- Periodontal disease is caused by bacterial plaque accumulation along the gums and teeth. Regular removal of plaque through brushing and other methods can prevent periodontal disease.
- Both local factors like untreated cavities, occlusal abnormalities, and systemic factors like diabetes or medications can increase risk of periodontal disease by affecting the body's response to plaque.
- Preventive measures include regular dental cleanings to remove built-up calculus, maintaining good oral hygiene through proper brushing techniques, and eating a balanced diet to stimulate gum health. Periodic checkups are important to monitor for bone
This document discusses gingival enlargement, which can be caused by inflammation, fibrous overgrowth, or a combination. It classifies enlargements as inflammatory (chronic, acute), drug-induced, associated with systemic diseases/conditions, or neoplastic. Drug-induced cases are often seen with anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, or calcium channel blockers. Enlargements associated with conditions include pregnancy, puberty, and vitamin C deficiency. Treatment focuses on eliminating the etiologic cause through discontinuing causative drugs, gingivectomy, or flap surgery with gingivectomy.
1 - ECC, Nursing Caries and Rampant Caries.pptxEUROUNDISA
This document discusses early childhood caries, nursing caries, and rampant caries. It defines each condition and describes their etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Early childhood caries is defined as having one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in a child under 6 years old. Nursing caries is caused by prolonged bottle feeding and is characterized by lesions on the maxillary anterior teeth. Rampant caries occurs rapidly and affects surfaces usually resistant to decay. Diagnosis involves visual-tactile-radiographic examination. Management focuses on emergency relief, preventing further decay, and restoring carious lesions.
The document discusses oral candidiasis, a common fungal infection caused by Candida species that is more prevalent in diabetics. Risk factors for diabetics include high salivary glucose levels, low saliva secretion, and impaired immune defenses. Symptoms include white patches or lesions in the mouth and throat that can cause soreness. Treatment involves antifungal medications applied topically or taken orally. Preventive measures for diabetics include controlling blood sugar, drinking water, cleaning dentures, and removing dentures at night.
This document discusses natal and neonatal teeth. Natal teeth are present at birth, while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month of life. They are uncommon anomalies that can lead to complications like feeding difficulties, trauma to the tongue, and premature eruption of other teeth. Management may involve smoothing sharp edges, protective dressings, or extraction if the tooth is loose or interfering with feeding. The exact causes are unknown but may involve genetic and environmental factors.
Similar to PEDIATRIC ORAL MEDICINE, a look through. (20)
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
3. Children have oral mucosal conditions and other head and neck medical problems which have
both similarities and differences to those found in adults .
A wide variety of oral lesions and soft tissue anomalies are detected in children, but the low
frequency at which many of these entities occur makes them challenging to clinically diagnose.
In general, benign conditions are more commonly seen in children, and of these, fungal
and viral are the most prevalent. Other benign lesions that are frequently seen in children are
oral ulcerations, which can result from immune-mediated conditions , trauma, or systemic
diseases. These
oral ulcerations are often painful and require treatment.
INTRODUCTION
4. DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Partial ankyloglossia(tongue-tie)
• Present at birth
• Short, thick lingual frenum or attachment to tip of Tongue; may cause
slight
cleft at tip Ventral tongue and Floor of mouth.
• Rarely causes speech, feeding, swallowing or periodontal problems;
TREATMENT:
Infrequently frenectomy is indicated
Natal Teeth
• Natal teeth are teeth that are present at birth or erupt within 30 days of birth.
• They often consist of cornified and calcific material, do not have roots, and are
mobile.
• The most common natal teeth are the mandibular central incisors; the mandible is
affected 10 times more often than the maxilla.
• Natal teeth have been reported to cause ulcers of the ventral tongue
(Riga-Fede disease) that result from irritation during nursing.
TREATMENT
extraction may be needed
5. Cleft Lip
• Cleft lip is the result of a disturbance of lip development in utero.
• The upper lip is most commonly affected.
• Cleft lip results when the medial nasal process fails to fuse with
the lateral portions of the maxillary process of the first branchial
arch.
• It is of unilateral and nonmidline or bilateral and incomplete or
complete cleft depending upon the involvement of nose.
Cleft Palate
• Disruption in palatal fusion leads to clefting that is either disruption in
the fusion of the right and left medial nasal processes or fusion of the
palatine
processes or shelves of the maxillary process
• A cleft palate can involve the soft palate only; the hard palate
only; the hard and soft palates; or the hard and soft
palates, alveolus, and lip.
6. OROFACIAL SOFT TISSUE CONDITIONS
Some mucosal diseases are less common in children than in adults, particularly lichen planus
and vesiculobullous diseases, whereas the acute herpetic primary infections are seen almost
exclusively in children. Other conditions present at any age, including common conditions
such as a geographic tongue and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Oral ulceration
-Traumatic ulcer
-Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
• minor aphthous stomatitis
• major aphthous stomatitis
• herpetiform ulcers
7. Traumatic Ulcer
• Traumatic ulceration of the tongue, lips, and cheek may occur in children, especially after local
anaesthesia has been administered.
• It is surrounded by a white keratotic area when the trauma has occurred gradually.
• rapid onset ulcers are usually bordered by normal or mildly inflamed mucosa and have a red
erythematous base of exposed connective tissue.
• Mainly seen in the child in areas accessible to the teeth and biting, such as the cheek or lower lip in
the area of the canine teeth or sharp lower incisor mamelons.
• Traumatic ulcers will heal or significantly reduce within two weeks if the cause is removed any ulcer
not doing so needs closer attention.
8. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Recurrent aphthous oral ulceration is multifactorial and the genetic
predisposition is a significant factor in a child developing lesions.
Common triggers for aphthous ulcers in children
• Minor mucosal trauma in a individual
• Haematinic deficiency – low serum ferritin,
folic acid and/or vitamin B12
• Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)-containing
toothpastes
• Benzoate, cinnamon, chocolate and sorbate
preservative containing foods
TYPES OF APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
Minor aphthous stomatitis
Major aphthous stomatitis
Herpetiform type
9. MINOR APHTHOUS ULCERS
• The majority of aphthous ulcers in children are of the minor variety (less than 10 mm
in diameter) and usually heal within 10–14 days.
• Multiple ulcers can be present at the same time and the ulcers are always found on
non-keratinized mucosa
• Exposure to dietary triggers such as chocolate or tomato but in others trauma to the
mucosa from toothbrushing or from an orthodontic appliance edge may initiate an
ulcer in the damaged tissue.
MAJOR APHTHOUS ULCER
• Much less common in children than minor aphthae.
• Generally bigger than 10 mm in diameter and can last for 8–12 weeks.
• Affect any part of the oral mucosa including keratinized tissue.
TREATMENT:
Major aphthae respond poorly to topical steroids, but high strength and high potency
corticosteroid inhalers can be helpful if the ulcer is accessible.
A pulse of systemic steroids or intralesional steroids may be needed to settle some
persisting ulcers. As with minor aphthae, identification of nutritional deficiency or dietary
allergen should be part of the management .
10. HERPETIFORM ULCERS
• When small (5 mm or less) aphthous ulcers are present in great numbers (often up to 100 at a
time) and are present throughout the mouth on both keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa,
these are termed herpetiform aphthae
• Resemble the mouth in primary herpetic gingiva-stomatitis.
TREATMENT
Oral steroid rinsing can be used as a prophylactic
therapy but steroid inhalers are of little use
due to the widespread ulceration
of the oral mucosa.
11. SWELLINGS OF THE MUCOSA
The majority of non-dental solid swellings of the oral mucosa in children are
fibro-epithelial polyps or pyogenic granulomas and arise as a result of
recurrent minor trauma to the mucosa.
COMMON ORAL SWELLINGS IN CHILDREN
• Soft tissue abscess (parulis)
• Fibroepithelial polyp
• Congenital epulis
• Gingival cyst of the new born
12. Soft tissue abscess (parulis)
• Seen in first and second decades
• Present as solitary pinkish white or deep red nodule with surrounding
erythema with purulent drainage, fluctuates in size and is tender to palpation
• Commonly seen in gingiva and alveolar mucosa
• Usually caused by odontogenic infection or entrapped foreign body
TREATMENT
Manage source of infection
local debridement,
antibiotics may be indicated
recurs if infection is not eliminated
Fibroepithelial polyp
• Common symptomless lesion that presents as a firm pink lump.
• It normally affects the buccal mucosa at the occlusal level.
• These lesions are caused by trauma such as from malpositioned teeth, sharp tooth
• edges or from recurrent lip or cheek biting habits.
• Habit breaking appliances can be used to break the habit and the lesion resolves
13. Congenital Epulis
• Rare lesion that occurs in neonates.
• It normally presents in the anterior maxilla.
• Consists of granular cells covered by epithelium and is thought to be reactive
in nature
TREATMENT
Simple excision is curative .
If it is not interfering with feeding then a more conservative approach can be
taken.
Gingival cysts of the new born
• The eruption cyst is a soft tissue cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth.
• Variant of the dentigerous cyst and affect children younger than 10 years of age
• It appears as a small, dome-shaped, translucent swelling overlying an erupting primary tooth.
• The cyst is lined by odontogenic epithelium and is filled with blood or serum
• and hence casts a red, brown, or blue-gray appearance to the cyst.
TREATMENT
No treatment is necessary because the erupting tooth
eventually breaks the cystic membrane.
Incising the lesion and allowing the fluid to drain can relieve symptoms.
14. NON DENTAL INFECTIONS
Viruses, bacteria and fungi may cause infections of the oral
mucosa, perioral skin and salivary glands.
VIRAL INFECTIONS
Viral infections are very common in children as
the immune system adapts to the large range
of pathogens the child encounters in daily life.
Many viral encounters result in future immunity
against that virus strain, but some, particularly
herpes group viruses, can become persistent
leading to recurrent emergence of the virus
over the years.
15. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
• Typically occurs in children younger than the age of 5
• HSV-1 responsible for 90% of infections
• Virus is acquired through direct contact with oral lesions or saliva of
an infected person, or through saliva of an asymptomatic person
shedding
the virus in the absence of clinical disease
• Many infections are asymptomatic and subclinical
• After the primary infection, HSV migrates to the trigeminal ganglion,
where it remains latent and can be reactivated
• Oral lesions start off as 1–3mm vesicles that later ulcerate and
coalesce
• Typically affects marginal gingiva as edema, inflammation, and
bleeding and punched-out ulcers
• Other oral sites include tongue, hard and soft palate, floor of mouth,
and buccal mucosa
• Lips and perioral skin are affected in two-thirds of cases and can
show crusting
• Associated systemic signs and symptoms include fever, irritability,
malaise, sleeplessness, cervical lymphadenopathy, and headaches
• Lesion are painful and patients complain of pain on eating, drinking,
and swallowing.
16. MANAGEMENT
• Management of PHG is directed at
promoting lesion healing
providing palliation
promoting adequate hydration and nutrition
preventing further spread of the infection through avoiding direct contact with other
people .
• Drinks and foods with acid or spice content should be avoided
• Cold items such as ice cream, popsicles, and ice chips can soothe affected tissues and help
with hydration.
• Analgesics, topical anesthetics, and coating agents help relieve pain and facilitate food
intake, with nutritional supplements added as needed.
Non-alcoholic antimicrobial rinses may help decrease the risk of secondary infections when
there is significant gingival involvement and poor oral hygiene.
Systemic acyclovir can be used in a dosage of 15 mg/kg, with a maximum of 80 mg/kg per
day to be used every 3 hours when awake or five times a day for 10 days.
17. Hand–foot–mouth disease
• Coxsackieviruses A16 and A6 are most commonly involved
• Most cases occur in infants and children, particularly those less than 5–7 years old
• Typically occurs during the summer and early autumn
• Transmission is by person to person, via faecal–oral route
• Presents as fever (<101∘F), oral or pharyngeal pain (in verbal children), or refusal to eat (in nonverbal
children)
• Oral lesions are multiple (2–30) 2–7mm vesicles that ulcerate, located on buccal mucosa, labial
mucosa, and tongue, but can affect any site. Oral lesions precede the skin lesions
• Skin lesions are a macular, maculopapular, or vesicular rash, which
is nonpruritic and nonpainful, involving the
hands (dorsum of the fingers, interdigital area, palms),
feet (dorsum of the toes, lateral border of the feet, soles, heels),
buttocks, legs (upper thighs),and arms.
Infection usually subsides within 7–14 days.
18. Herpangina
• Coxsackieviruses A1–6, 8, 10, and 22 most commonly involved
• Occurs most frequently in summer and early autumn
• Transmission is through direct contact via faecal–oral route
• Some patients may experience malaise, headache, sore throat, dysphagia, and abdominal
pain
• A small number of lesions (2–6) develop in the soft palate/tonsillar pillar area . Lesions are
2–4mm red macules initially , then form vesicles, which later ulcerate.
Treatment
• Rest
• Analgesics and antipyretics
• Fluid intake
• Soft diet.
Mumps
• Highly contagious viral infection caused by paramyxovirus
• It is transmitted by respiratory droplets, direct contact, or through Fomites
• Prodrome with fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and anorexia
• This is followed by the development of parotid gland swelling within 48 hour
(most often bilateral, but can be unilateral), lasting up to 10 days
• Stenson’s duct (parotid duct) is often erythematous and swollen, and there
also be swelling of the sublingual and submandibular glands
• Orchitis is the second most common manifestation
19. Measles (rubeola)
• Infection caused by paramyxovirus
• Transmission is through direct contact
• Prodrome consists of fever, malaise, conjunctivitis, and cough
• Koplik spots found in the prodrome in over 70% of cases. These are 1–3mm white macules surrounded by
erythema, usually located on the buccal mucosa ,are thought to represent foci of epithelial necrosis and
typically last for 12–72 hours before sloughing off
• Skin lesions consists of an erythematous, maculopapular, blanching rash, which
classically begins on the face and spreads from head to toe and from the trunk to
the extremities
• Enamel pitting on permanent teeth has been reported in children who develop
measles in early childhood
20. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Staphylococcal infections
• Staphylococci and streptococci may cause impetigo.
• This can affect the angles of the mouth and the lips.
• It presents as crusting vesiculobullous lesions. The vesicles coalesce to produce
ulceration over a wide area.
• Pigmentation may occur during healing.
• The condition is self-limiting, although antibiotics may be prescribed in some cases
Staphylococcal organisms can also cause osteomyelitis of the jaws in children. Although
the introduction of aggressive antibiotic therapy has reduced the serious consequences of
osteomyelitis in children, surgical intervention is usually required to remove bony
sequestra.
21. FUNGAL INFECTIONS
The most common fungal infections seen is pseudomembranous candidiasis and chronic
mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Pseudomembranous candidiasis
• Neonatal acute pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) is not uncommon.
• Young children may develop the condition when their
resistance is lowered due to another illness, nutritional deficiency
or after antibiotic therapy.
• Use of steroid metered dose inhalers (MDI) in childhood asthma can
direct a proportion of the drug to the roof of the mouth and soft palate
leading to local immune suppression in the area and allowing
pseudomembranous candidiasis to develop.
22. TREATMENT:
Topical treatments are usually adequate when the precipitating cause is corrected.
Topical antifungal agents include compounded clotrimazole suspension(10 mg/ml) and nystatin
oral suspension (100,000 U/ml) to swish for 2 minutes and swallow or expectorate four
times daily for 2 weeks, followed by a reevaluation of the oral cavity
Systemic antifungal drugs are advantageous when other topically delivered medications are
administered concurrently. They include Fluconazole 6 mg/kg orally every 12 or 24 hours for 5 to 7
days. Adolescents can use a 200-mg loading dose and then 100 to 200 mg once a day for about a
week . Ketoconazole may also be used inchildren at 5 to 10 mg/kg every 12 or 24 hours, and in
adolescents
200 to 400 mg every 24 hours for 5 to 7 days.
23. SALIVARY GLAND CONDITIONS
Most salivary lesions in children are simple mucoceles. Infective salivary gland issues in children are related
to either viral infection – predominantly mumps – or to ascending bacterial infection from the mouth when
salivary flow has been compromised.
Ranula
• It is a mucocele arising in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue and
can arise from the minor salivary glands or the ducts of
the sublingual or submandibular glands .
• It appears as a bluish swelling of the floor of the mouth
and can become quite large.
TREATMENT:
Surgical excision
24. Recurrent parotitis of childhood
• A rare condition often starting in the first five years of life.
• Characterized by swelling and pain of one of the parotid glands and as such may be confused in the early
stages with mumps
• Child will often be pyrexic, in pain and pus is usually seen exuding from the duct of the affected gland
CAUSE: a bacterial infection ascending from the mouth
The problem recurs once or twice a year in most cases and seems to remain in the one gland.
This low level damage over many years causes increasing cumulative and permanent damage to the acini and
duct structures resulting in lower gland flow rates, incomplete emptying of the ductal system and, consequently,
increasingly frequent infections. In the third decade the patient usually has to have a surgical procedure to
disconnect the gland from the mouth, such as a superficial parotidectomy or ligation of the parotid duct.
TREATMENT:
Management is through systemic antibiotics such as amoxicillin,
targeting bacteria from the oral flora and should be given as early
in the infective cycle as possible.
25. TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS
Most often non-specific pain in a young child is attributed to teething or
ear ache where caries cannot be blamed for the discomfort
Chronic relapsing and remitting ‘toothache’ in the absence of a dental
or otological cause must raise suspicion and evidence for
parafunctional clenching and limitation of mouth opening or meniscal
symptoms makes TMD highly probable.
TREATMENT
Management with reassurance, advice regarding use of a soft diet and
avoiding habits such as nail biting together with splint therapy is usually
enough. Occasionally, psychological intervention or anxiolytic
medication may be used.
26. CHILD ABUSE
Child abuse can be defined as “any action (or lack of) which endangers
or impairs a child’s physical, psychological or emotional health and development”.
Types of child abuse
1.Physical abuse -any act which results in non-accidental trauma or physical injury.
2. Emotional abuse-systematic tearing down of another human being
3. Sexual abuse
4. Munchausen syndrome by proxy-Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a parent or caretaker attempts to bring medical
attention to themselves by injuring or inducing illness in their children.
5. Intentional drugging or poisoning
6. Shaken baby syndrome-It is a form of child abuse where the infant’s head is shaken vigorously forward and backward,
hitting the chest and shoulders.
27. Guidelines for identification of child abuse
1. Unusual dressing which is not suitable for the season may be intentional to cover the existing physical injuries.
2. A gross physical examination from head to toe without undressing to observe any signs of injuries
3. Any bruise in the shape of an object like belts, hangars, etc.
4. Presence of any bite marks
5. Frenal tears may indicate forced feeding
6. Bruising and petechia of soft palate may indicate sexual abuse
7. A 4-month-old child with a femur fracture
8. A bruise in the shape of a handprint on the cheeks
9. Any bruise in the neck region may be an attempted strangulation
On encountering an abused child, the dentists should be careful in
confirming the abuse and reporting it. The law does not usually
require a precise diagnosis, only suspicion. The professional must
document the reasons for the suspicion. Any visible pattern of injury
should be photographed if possible. The data collected during the
physical examination and medical history must be documented in a
complete and objective manner. Any abnormal behavior observed in
abused children must be recorded.
28. CONCLUSION
Oral medicine conditions in children have a variety of presentations. These may be similar
to the equivalent problem in the adult, but the approach to management can be very
different. The dentist and oral medicine specialist must be aware of the full range of
conditions, presentations and management options to fully serve the needs of the child
with these issues.
REFERENCES
Crighton, A. Oral medicine in children. Br Dent J 223, 706–712 (2017).
Georgiou, A., Cameron, A., Balasubramanian, R. (2019). Paediatric Oral Medicine. In: Farah, C.,
Balasubramanian, R., McCullough, M. (eds) Contemporary Oral Medicine. Springer, Cham.
Burkets oral medicine 11th edition
Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy through Adolescence Paul S. Casamassimo DDS MS, Henry W.
Fields Jr. DDS MS MSD, et al.