This study examined peace and security as a veritable instrument for the achievement of sustainable development goals in Nigeria using qualitative method of data analysis and content analysis. The study relied on data from extant literature to posit that sustainable development is attainable only when peace and security of the nation is assured. The study argued that tenable and sustainable development is possible. This assertion is evident in sustained growth and development of most developed and emerging economies of the world. Examples are the developed and emerging economies of America, Europe and Asia. In Nigeria, the near absence of relative peace and the consequent threat to security of lives and properties have affected every aspect of growth and development in the country. This situation has flourished in the light of the dynamics of political instability and its concomitant outcomes. The threat to peace and security of the nation have taken several dimensions of urban violence including ethno religious violence, electoral violence, youth militancy, and civil unrest, Boko Haram, farmers herders crisis, banditry, kidnapping etc. thus, undermining the attainment of significant achievement of the Millennium Development Goals MDGs in Nigeria. A situation that leaves great negative consequences for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs . The study concludes that the Federal Government should seriously address all security challenges in the nation. Both carrot and stick are required in addressing the various issues that threaten peace and security in the nation. Where force is seen as the best option to address a particular issue, force should be applied. However, where negotiation and ceding of necessary grounds is adjudged the best option, they should be applied. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Peace and Security: A Veritable Instrument for the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30942.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30942/peace-and-security-a-veritable-instrument-for-the-achievement-of-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
Poverty and it's Alleviation: Lessons for Nigeriaijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on poverty and efforts to alleviate it in Nigeria. Some key points:
- Poverty in Nigeria has persisted despite various government development plans and programs since 1960.
- Poverty levels rose between 1980-1996 according to government statistics, with over 70% of Nigerians living in poverty.
- Poverty is most severe in rural areas and northern regions of the country.
- Income inequality and corruption have contributed significantly to poverty.
- The document examines successful poverty reduction in other countries like Malaysia, China, and South Korea to identify lessons for Nigeria.
Determinants of poverty in case of pakistanTelenor
This document analyzes the determinants of poverty in Pakistan using time series data from 31 annual observations. It finds that agriculture, remittances, inflation, GDP, trade openness, and employment all have significant effects on poverty levels in Pakistan. Agriculture is an important sector for Pakistan's economy, contributing 21% to GDP and providing 45% of employment, but it also exposes farmers to risks that can increase poverty. Remittances from overseas Pakistani workers, which reached $9 billion in 2010, have helped reduce poverty and boost foreign exchange reserves. High inflation, especially in the 1990s and 2000s, has increased poverty, while economic growth, trade, and employment opportunities tend to decrease poverty. The study concludes that agriculture growth,
Improving poverty alleviation programmes in nigeria through small and medium ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a paper that discusses poverty in Nigeria and proposes improving poverty alleviation programs through small and medium scale agricultural development projects. Some key points:
- Nigeria has high unemployment and poverty rates, with over 70% of the population living below the poverty line. The government has implemented various poverty programs but they have had little success in reducing unemployment or poverty.
- The paper argues that agricultural development projects could help generate more employment and reduce poverty. Nigeria has abundant natural resources and arable land but much of its agricultural potential remains untapped.
- Small and medium agricultural projects could help address issues like low productivity, limited access to inputs and credit for farmers, and inadequate infrastructure and extension services currently hampering
Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 Sta...ijtsrd
In this work, we examine that the poverty rate is being influenced by the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics 2003 04, 2009 10 and 2019. Using SPSS 23, the results show that corruption, conflict and unemployment rates are statistically significant with an F Statistics value of 1.706 0.185 critical value .Hence, both significantly influence the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The Coefficient Output Summary difference of the variables suggest a model which is fitted as where is poverty rate and the variations in the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment. The results also show that the poverty rate in Nigeria increases with increases inthe level of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate across the 36 States in Nigeria. Owan, Raphael Asu | Dr. Willie, Clement Etti | Asu Isaac Asu "Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 States in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46460.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/46460/multivariate-analysis-of-head-count-per-capita-poverty-rate-across-the-36-states-in-nigeria/owan-raphael-asu
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/07.html
Olaniyan1 & olayide.isdrs conference 2017 june 16 finalOlawale Olayide
The document discusses Africa's Agenda 2063 framework for sustainable development and its relationship to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that Agenda 2063 and the SDGs show convergence on issues like social development, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. However, there are also some divergences, with Agenda 2063 focusing more on issues like African identity/culture and security, while the SDGs address inequality and sustainable resource management less. Realizing both frameworks offers Africa an opportunity for inclusive, transformative development to achieve sustainability over the coming decades as its population grows rapidly.
Millennium development goals and poverty in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the relationship between Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty in Nigeria using various statistical analyses. Correlation analysis shows that literacy rate has a positive association with poverty index and per capita income, but a negative association with infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate has a strong negative association with per capita income and trade openness. Regression analysis indicates that per capita income and infant mortality rate have a negative effect on poverty incidence, while literacy rate has a positive effect. The analyses show that MDG indicators have a significant effect on poverty in Nigeria. It is recommended that each dimension of poverty in Nigeria be addressed to allow for overall growth and development.
Poverty and it's Alleviation: Lessons for Nigeriaijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on poverty and efforts to alleviate it in Nigeria. Some key points:
- Poverty in Nigeria has persisted despite various government development plans and programs since 1960.
- Poverty levels rose between 1980-1996 according to government statistics, with over 70% of Nigerians living in poverty.
- Poverty is most severe in rural areas and northern regions of the country.
- Income inequality and corruption have contributed significantly to poverty.
- The document examines successful poverty reduction in other countries like Malaysia, China, and South Korea to identify lessons for Nigeria.
Determinants of poverty in case of pakistanTelenor
This document analyzes the determinants of poverty in Pakistan using time series data from 31 annual observations. It finds that agriculture, remittances, inflation, GDP, trade openness, and employment all have significant effects on poverty levels in Pakistan. Agriculture is an important sector for Pakistan's economy, contributing 21% to GDP and providing 45% of employment, but it also exposes farmers to risks that can increase poverty. Remittances from overseas Pakistani workers, which reached $9 billion in 2010, have helped reduce poverty and boost foreign exchange reserves. High inflation, especially in the 1990s and 2000s, has increased poverty, while economic growth, trade, and employment opportunities tend to decrease poverty. The study concludes that agriculture growth,
Improving poverty alleviation programmes in nigeria through small and medium ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a paper that discusses poverty in Nigeria and proposes improving poverty alleviation programs through small and medium scale agricultural development projects. Some key points:
- Nigeria has high unemployment and poverty rates, with over 70% of the population living below the poverty line. The government has implemented various poverty programs but they have had little success in reducing unemployment or poverty.
- The paper argues that agricultural development projects could help generate more employment and reduce poverty. Nigeria has abundant natural resources and arable land but much of its agricultural potential remains untapped.
- Small and medium agricultural projects could help address issues like low productivity, limited access to inputs and credit for farmers, and inadequate infrastructure and extension services currently hampering
Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 Sta...ijtsrd
In this work, we examine that the poverty rate is being influenced by the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics 2003 04, 2009 10 and 2019. Using SPSS 23, the results show that corruption, conflict and unemployment rates are statistically significant with an F Statistics value of 1.706 0.185 critical value .Hence, both significantly influence the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The Coefficient Output Summary difference of the variables suggest a model which is fitted as where is poverty rate and the variations in the rate of corruption, conflict and unemployment. The results also show that the poverty rate in Nigeria increases with increases inthe level of corruption, conflict and unemployment rate across the 36 States in Nigeria. Owan, Raphael Asu | Dr. Willie, Clement Etti | Asu Isaac Asu "Multivariate Analysis of Head Count Per Capita Poverty Rate across the 36 States in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46460.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/46460/multivariate-analysis-of-head-count-per-capita-poverty-rate-across-the-36-states-in-nigeria/owan-raphael-asu
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/07.html
Olaniyan1 & olayide.isdrs conference 2017 june 16 finalOlawale Olayide
The document discusses Africa's Agenda 2063 framework for sustainable development and its relationship to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that Agenda 2063 and the SDGs show convergence on issues like social development, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. However, there are also some divergences, with Agenda 2063 focusing more on issues like African identity/culture and security, while the SDGs address inequality and sustainable resource management less. Realizing both frameworks offers Africa an opportunity for inclusive, transformative development to achieve sustainability over the coming decades as its population grows rapidly.
Millennium development goals and poverty in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the relationship between Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and poverty in Nigeria using various statistical analyses. Correlation analysis shows that literacy rate has a positive association with poverty index and per capita income, but a negative association with infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate has a strong negative association with per capita income and trade openness. Regression analysis indicates that per capita income and infant mortality rate have a negative effect on poverty incidence, while literacy rate has a positive effect. The analyses show that MDG indicators have a significant effect on poverty in Nigeria. It is recommended that each dimension of poverty in Nigeria be addressed to allow for overall growth and development.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/04.html
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/05.html
This document discusses inclusive growth, poverty, and economic development in India. It notes that while India has seen significant economic and social improvements since independence, exclusion continues in terms of low agriculture growth, employment quality, and regional/gender inequalities. The 11th five-year plan advocates for inclusive growth to reduce poverty and disparities. The document outlines five elements of inclusive growth: poverty reduction, agriculture development, social sector development, regional equality, and environmental protection. It analyzes trends in poverty reduction, employment issues, and policies to promote inclusive development and alleviate poverty in India.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/06.html
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/08.html
Pub impact of high population on nigerian economyOnyeka Okwuosa
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the impact of population growth on Nigeria's economy. It finds that contrary to popular belief, population growth in Nigeria has had a positive impact on economic growth. Using regression analysis of time series data from 1980-2014, it finds a positive relationship between total population levels and economic growth in Nigeria. However, it also finds that human capital development has not had a significant impact on economic growth. The paper recommends policies to boost economic productivity and further enhance growth, such as attaining demographic policies and revitalizing human capital development.
The document is USAID's policy framework for 2011-2015. It outlines USAID's core development priorities and expected impacts across 7 objectives: increasing food security; promoting sustainable economic growth; improving global health and health systems; reducing climate change impacts; expanding access to clean water and sanitation; strengthening democratic governance and civil society; and providing humanitarian assistance. It discusses key global trends shaping development and USAID's operational principles and institutional reforms. The framework was created through extensive consultation to guide USAID's work over the next 4 years.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/03.html
Financing for Development - Unlocking Investment Opportunities by Adnan Sabir...Adnan Mirza
The document discusses the problems facing Afghanistan and proposes solutions to establish peace and development. It notes that Afghanistan has faced war for decades, hindering development. It aims to propose a sustainable peace plan. Key obstacles include terrorism, an unstable political system, lack of education, and violence preventing economic growth. The solution calls for incentivizing education, technical training, industrial reforms to help businesses, achieving security and law and order, engaging youth, and developing Afghanistan's natural resources which could generate substantial revenues if explored safely.
The document discusses a draft concept note for a World Conference on Youth in Sri Lanka. It provides background on youth populations globally and in developing regions, noting that many youth face challenges accessing employment, education, and decision making opportunities. It outlines Sri Lanka's commitment to youth development and participation, including establishing a Youth Parliament. The concept note argues that youth must be actively involved in shaping the post-2015 development agenda to ensure it meets their needs and priorities, such as education, health, employment, and equality.
Today, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050. Projections show that urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa, according to a new United Nations report launched on 10 July 2014.
The Project addresses the pervasive challenge of Financial Misconduct as the Singular perpetrator of Underdevelopment in Nigeria and the need to tackle it going forward to the SDGs
Indonesia's "Strategy, Doctrine of National Defense Posture" WhitepaperParivartin
Raw translation for “Strategi, Doktrin, Postur Pertahanan Negara” (or “Strategy, Doctrine, of National Defense Posture”) written by National Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) Brigadier General Budiman in 2008.
This English Translation is for Educational & Non-Commercial Purposes Only.
A. If you had the opportunity, what actions would you demand of the united na...Gonzalo Gimeno Casanova
The document outlines actions the UN Secretary General should take in various areas such as preventing conflict and violence, promoting economic growth and trade, combating climate change and terrorism, and advancing development and gender equality. Specific demands include mediating ongoing conflicts like in Ukraine and Syria, regulating financial institutions, curbing greenhouse gas emissions, and strengthening education programs for women and girls. The document provides supporting data on issues related to each area to emphasize the ongoing challenges and importance of the Secretary General taking action.
The document discusses the history and progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations in 2000. It provides details on the eight MDGs which aimed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and gender inequality by 2015. Specific targets and indicators are outlined for each goal related to issues like poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and environmental sustainability. Progress updates are given for each target, noting that while some goals were achieved, many were not met or fell short, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
The document outlines several common characteristics of developing countries according to development economist Michael Todora, including: low standards of living, low productivity, high population growth and dependency burdens, high unemployment and underemployment, dependence on agriculture and exports, imperfect markets and limited information, and dominance in international relations. However, it also notes significant diversity among developing countries in factors like resources, history, demographics, industry structure, and politics. While developing countries share some characteristics, there are also substantial differences, so generalizations should be avoided.
The document provides information on the economic developments of several countries including Japan, India, the United States, and Bangladesh. It discusses key details like GDP, economic growth rates, important industries and sectors, trade relationships, and other economic indicators. For Japan, it notes it has the third largest economy in the world and focuses on high-tech manufacturing. For India, it describes its transition from socialist policies to economic liberalization and average growth rates of 7-10%. The US is highlighted as the world's largest economy and second largest manufacturer, and Bangladesh has seen growth led by its textile and seafood industries.
This document analyzes Bangladesh's strategic position within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It provides demographic and economic data on Bangladesh, including a population of 154.7 million, GDP per capita of $1,044, and GDP growth rate of 6.5%. It also summarizes Bangladesh's involvement in establishing SAARC in 1985 and its emphasis on regional peace and cooperation. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths such as geographic location and growing industries, as well as weaknesses like low literacy and infrastructure challenges. Key opportunities for Bangladesh include diversifying exports and improving education.
Government and the Politics of Ruga Settlement Implications for the Unity of ...ijtsrd
Farmers in Nigeria have ceased to worry about the imminent dangers of climate change and field attacks from rodents, pests, and diseases on their crops in the field. They have shifted their worries to the menace of the nihilist nomads of the Fulani extraction. Following this is the concern in recent times of the imminent danger in the plan to establish for the nihilist Fulani nomads, Ruga which in Hausa is a settlement for herders and their cattle, also known as cattle colonies, throughout the nation by the Muhammadu Buhari administration. This study examines the fundamental issues surrounding the conflict between Fulani herdsmen and sedentary farmers, and the politics surrounding government's intent to establish Ruga settlements all over the country. To achieve this, the study uses qualitative and explorative research methods, while it derives relevant data from secondary sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, official documents and Internet materials. The study adopts Chabal's 2009 twofold conflict theory and the Richard Hofstadter 2008 and Peter Knight's 2003 conspiracy theories to juxtapose the causes of the conflict between Fulani herdsmen and sedentary famers in the country, and ascertain the implications of establishing cattle colonies across the country by the Federal Government. Considering these, the study proffers useful recommendations that will benefit the sedentary farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and, the nation in general, on the other hand. Overall, the research noted that a total compliance to the doctrine of true federalism and respect for the rule of law enshrine, among others are recommended. Oluka, Nduka Lucas | Ativie, C. Ailende | Efeosa-Temple, Gladness Chinwe "Government and the Politics of Ruga Settlement: Implications for the Unity of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29386.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/29386/government-and-the-politics-of-ruga-settlement-implications-for-the-unity-of-nigeria/oluka-nduka-lucas
This document examines the link between bad governance and perpetuation of insecurity in Nigeria. It argues that the current security challenges plaguing Nigeria stem from injustice, corruption, and selfish governance by political leaders. Since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999 after military rule, incidents of ethnic, communal, religious and resource conflicts have persisted across much of the country. This is exacerbated by leaders failing to address issues like poverty alleviation, unemployment, resource allocation and infrastructure development. The document concludes that overcoming insecurity in Nigeria requires strong political will from leaders and commitment to fighting it, as well as unity among Nigerians.
An Appraisal of the Challenges and Legal Protection Available for Internally ...ijtsrd
This paper has investigated the challenges and Legal Protection available for the benefit of Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria. The study relied on content analysis of extant literature to ascertain the level of challenges and legal protections given to them. The study found that Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria face a myriad of challenges which include loss of home, loss of traditional livelihood and sources of generating income, break up of families and community support networks, loss of intangible goods, and loss of documentation. A cursory look at the various causes of internal displacement in Nigeria revealed that forced migration and internal displacement in Nigeria in over a decade has been triggered by violent conflict particularly, the deadly activities Boko Haram and the militant Fulani Herdsmen. These displaced persons suffer a lot of human right violations without any significant legal protection for them. Rather, it has been identified that the existing institutional arrangement keepers, although struggling to manage the situation particularly, in the short term, are hindered by current policy deficits and the lack of a specific framework to adequately address the situation or cover medium to longer requirements for the IDPs. It is therefore, imperative to purposively design a legal framework that will specifically address the challenges bedeviling the Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria while other security measures are being taken to ensure their safety and wellbeing. Stephen Chuka Unachukwu "An Appraisal of the Challenges and Legal Protection Available for Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49485.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/49485/an-appraisal-of-the-challenges-and-legal-protection-available-for-internally-displaced-persons-in-nigeria/stephen-chuka-unachukwu
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/04.html
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/05.html
This document discusses inclusive growth, poverty, and economic development in India. It notes that while India has seen significant economic and social improvements since independence, exclusion continues in terms of low agriculture growth, employment quality, and regional/gender inequalities. The 11th five-year plan advocates for inclusive growth to reduce poverty and disparities. The document outlines five elements of inclusive growth: poverty reduction, agriculture development, social sector development, regional equality, and environmental protection. It analyzes trends in poverty reduction, employment issues, and policies to promote inclusive development and alleviate poverty in India.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/06.html
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/08.html
Pub impact of high population on nigerian economyOnyeka Okwuosa
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the impact of population growth on Nigeria's economy. It finds that contrary to popular belief, population growth in Nigeria has had a positive impact on economic growth. Using regression analysis of time series data from 1980-2014, it finds a positive relationship between total population levels and economic growth in Nigeria. However, it also finds that human capital development has not had a significant impact on economic growth. The paper recommends policies to boost economic productivity and further enhance growth, such as attaining demographic policies and revitalizing human capital development.
The document is USAID's policy framework for 2011-2015. It outlines USAID's core development priorities and expected impacts across 7 objectives: increasing food security; promoting sustainable economic growth; improving global health and health systems; reducing climate change impacts; expanding access to clean water and sanitation; strengthening democratic governance and civil society; and providing humanitarian assistance. It discusses key global trends shaping development and USAID's operational principles and institutional reforms. The framework was created through extensive consultation to guide USAID's work over the next 4 years.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/03.html
Financing for Development - Unlocking Investment Opportunities by Adnan Sabir...Adnan Mirza
The document discusses the problems facing Afghanistan and proposes solutions to establish peace and development. It notes that Afghanistan has faced war for decades, hindering development. It aims to propose a sustainable peace plan. Key obstacles include terrorism, an unstable political system, lack of education, and violence preventing economic growth. The solution calls for incentivizing education, technical training, industrial reforms to help businesses, achieving security and law and order, engaging youth, and developing Afghanistan's natural resources which could generate substantial revenues if explored safely.
The document discusses a draft concept note for a World Conference on Youth in Sri Lanka. It provides background on youth populations globally and in developing regions, noting that many youth face challenges accessing employment, education, and decision making opportunities. It outlines Sri Lanka's commitment to youth development and participation, including establishing a Youth Parliament. The concept note argues that youth must be actively involved in shaping the post-2015 development agenda to ensure it meets their needs and priorities, such as education, health, employment, and equality.
Today, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050. Projections show that urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa, according to a new United Nations report launched on 10 July 2014.
The Project addresses the pervasive challenge of Financial Misconduct as the Singular perpetrator of Underdevelopment in Nigeria and the need to tackle it going forward to the SDGs
Indonesia's "Strategy, Doctrine of National Defense Posture" WhitepaperParivartin
Raw translation for “Strategi, Doktrin, Postur Pertahanan Negara” (or “Strategy, Doctrine, of National Defense Posture”) written by National Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) Brigadier General Budiman in 2008.
This English Translation is for Educational & Non-Commercial Purposes Only.
A. If you had the opportunity, what actions would you demand of the united na...Gonzalo Gimeno Casanova
The document outlines actions the UN Secretary General should take in various areas such as preventing conflict and violence, promoting economic growth and trade, combating climate change and terrorism, and advancing development and gender equality. Specific demands include mediating ongoing conflicts like in Ukraine and Syria, regulating financial institutions, curbing greenhouse gas emissions, and strengthening education programs for women and girls. The document provides supporting data on issues related to each area to emphasize the ongoing challenges and importance of the Secretary General taking action.
The document discusses the history and progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations in 2000. It provides details on the eight MDGs which aimed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and gender inequality by 2015. Specific targets and indicators are outlined for each goal related to issues like poverty, education, gender equality, child and maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and environmental sustainability. Progress updates are given for each target, noting that while some goals were achieved, many were not met or fell short, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
The document outlines several common characteristics of developing countries according to development economist Michael Todora, including: low standards of living, low productivity, high population growth and dependency burdens, high unemployment and underemployment, dependence on agriculture and exports, imperfect markets and limited information, and dominance in international relations. However, it also notes significant diversity among developing countries in factors like resources, history, demographics, industry structure, and politics. While developing countries share some characteristics, there are also substantial differences, so generalizations should be avoided.
The document provides information on the economic developments of several countries including Japan, India, the United States, and Bangladesh. It discusses key details like GDP, economic growth rates, important industries and sectors, trade relationships, and other economic indicators. For Japan, it notes it has the third largest economy in the world and focuses on high-tech manufacturing. For India, it describes its transition from socialist policies to economic liberalization and average growth rates of 7-10%. The US is highlighted as the world's largest economy and second largest manufacturer, and Bangladesh has seen growth led by its textile and seafood industries.
This document analyzes Bangladesh's strategic position within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It provides demographic and economic data on Bangladesh, including a population of 154.7 million, GDP per capita of $1,044, and GDP growth rate of 6.5%. It also summarizes Bangladesh's involvement in establishing SAARC in 1985 and its emphasis on regional peace and cooperation. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths such as geographic location and growing industries, as well as weaknesses like low literacy and infrastructure challenges. Key opportunities for Bangladesh include diversifying exports and improving education.
Government and the Politics of Ruga Settlement Implications for the Unity of ...ijtsrd
Farmers in Nigeria have ceased to worry about the imminent dangers of climate change and field attacks from rodents, pests, and diseases on their crops in the field. They have shifted their worries to the menace of the nihilist nomads of the Fulani extraction. Following this is the concern in recent times of the imminent danger in the plan to establish for the nihilist Fulani nomads, Ruga which in Hausa is a settlement for herders and their cattle, also known as cattle colonies, throughout the nation by the Muhammadu Buhari administration. This study examines the fundamental issues surrounding the conflict between Fulani herdsmen and sedentary farmers, and the politics surrounding government's intent to establish Ruga settlements all over the country. To achieve this, the study uses qualitative and explorative research methods, while it derives relevant data from secondary sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, official documents and Internet materials. The study adopts Chabal's 2009 twofold conflict theory and the Richard Hofstadter 2008 and Peter Knight's 2003 conspiracy theories to juxtapose the causes of the conflict between Fulani herdsmen and sedentary famers in the country, and ascertain the implications of establishing cattle colonies across the country by the Federal Government. Considering these, the study proffers useful recommendations that will benefit the sedentary farmers and herdsmen on the one hand and, the nation in general, on the other hand. Overall, the research noted that a total compliance to the doctrine of true federalism and respect for the rule of law enshrine, among others are recommended. Oluka, Nduka Lucas | Ativie, C. Ailende | Efeosa-Temple, Gladness Chinwe "Government and the Politics of Ruga Settlement: Implications for the Unity of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29386.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/29386/government-and-the-politics-of-ruga-settlement-implications-for-the-unity-of-nigeria/oluka-nduka-lucas
This document examines the link between bad governance and perpetuation of insecurity in Nigeria. It argues that the current security challenges plaguing Nigeria stem from injustice, corruption, and selfish governance by political leaders. Since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999 after military rule, incidents of ethnic, communal, religious and resource conflicts have persisted across much of the country. This is exacerbated by leaders failing to address issues like poverty alleviation, unemployment, resource allocation and infrastructure development. The document concludes that overcoming insecurity in Nigeria requires strong political will from leaders and commitment to fighting it, as well as unity among Nigerians.
An Appraisal of the Challenges and Legal Protection Available for Internally ...ijtsrd
This paper has investigated the challenges and Legal Protection available for the benefit of Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria. The study relied on content analysis of extant literature to ascertain the level of challenges and legal protections given to them. The study found that Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria face a myriad of challenges which include loss of home, loss of traditional livelihood and sources of generating income, break up of families and community support networks, loss of intangible goods, and loss of documentation. A cursory look at the various causes of internal displacement in Nigeria revealed that forced migration and internal displacement in Nigeria in over a decade has been triggered by violent conflict particularly, the deadly activities Boko Haram and the militant Fulani Herdsmen. These displaced persons suffer a lot of human right violations without any significant legal protection for them. Rather, it has been identified that the existing institutional arrangement keepers, although struggling to manage the situation particularly, in the short term, are hindered by current policy deficits and the lack of a specific framework to adequately address the situation or cover medium to longer requirements for the IDPs. It is therefore, imperative to purposively design a legal framework that will specifically address the challenges bedeviling the Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria while other security measures are being taken to ensure their safety and wellbeing. Stephen Chuka Unachukwu "An Appraisal of the Challenges and Legal Protection Available for Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49485.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/49485/an-appraisal-of-the-challenges-and-legal-protection-available-for-internally-displaced-persons-in-nigeria/stephen-chuka-unachukwu
THE NIGERIAN DIASPORA, GOVERNMENTAL PARTNERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONSAJHSSR Journal
This paper argues that the Nigerian government’s partnership with the Diaspora can advance the
country’s development. The Diaspora constitutes a viable pool of resource to assist in national development.
Partnership between the Nigerian Diaspora and government before 1999 was limited to occasional contact and
activities. This could be attributed to the decades of political instability, domestic maladjustment, economic
downturns and increasing poverty within the country. Political instability gave way to democratic change and
the need to source for development led the Nigerian government to officially recognize the Nigerian Diaspora as
important stakeholders and potential partners in the country’s development. President Obasanjo’s administration
in 1999 orchestrated the establishment of the Nigerian Diaspora association(NIDO, established in 2001)to
mobilize, engage and involve the Diaspora in the nations development process. It is on record that despite
challenges and setbacks, government effort yielded some tangible results in terms of solid personal and
institutional linkages.It is important to note that expatriate Nigerians are actively involved in health insurance,
mortgages, and registered pension and credit purchase schemes among other initiatives. This paper argues that
government partnership in development intervention has laid a good foundation and should be further exploited
to yield good results.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
This document discusses constraints to youth empowerment and national development in Nigeria. It identifies several key constraints facing Nigerian youth: lack of quality education, limited youth participation in research and data collection, high unemployment and underemployment rates, widespread poverty, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, discrimination against girls, and a digital divide. These constraints have hindered Nigerian youth from meaningfully contributing to national development and created conditions that can lead youth to engage in deviant behaviors. For Nigeria to achieve stability and development, it is critical that these obstacles facing youth are addressed and their potential is harnessed.
Violence prevention has proven to be a major challenge to the Government of Nigeria. Some disturbing violent trends have been reported. The incidence of violent conflict increased in Nigeria between 1985 and 2013. By 1999 a total of 18 major violent conflicts were recorded in the country, which suddenly surged between 1999 and 2005. The country became quite volatile in the coming years. In September 2013 alone about 120 violent events were recorded as attacks against unarmed civilians by armed groups occurred 20%-60% of the duration of combat. The 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) revealed that violence against women in Nigeria was higher than 70% in some States while the 2015 Violence Against Children Study (VACS) showed that at least 50% of children in Nigeria experience violence from a tender age. Laws have been enacted in Nigeria and as well policies, guidelines and mechanisms to address violence. However, no measures are in place to evaluate the progress of law implementation and strategies. Also missing is, lack of adequately robust inter-sectoral plans based on which evaluation models could be developed for the country. To understand the progress of the SDGs that aim to address the culture of violence and to steer toward attainment of sustainable peace, a standard for evaluation of intra- and inter-sectoral effort to address violence and progress toward a peaceful Nigeria is needed.
This document summarizes an article about insurgencies and national security in Nigeria. It discusses several insurgencies plaguing Nigeria, including Boko Haram, Fulani herdsmen, militancy, kidnapping, banditry, and cattle rustlers. These insurgencies have undermined national security and development by escalating issues like migration, political instability, decreasing foreign investment, and underdevelopment. The document recommends that the Nigerian government improve intelligence gathering and sharing across security agencies, equip and train armed forces with modern weapons, and eliminate corruption to help curb the menace of insurgencies.
The Role of Military Logistics Supports in Safeguarding National Security in ...ijtsrd
Traditionally, security is conceptualized within the context of the ability and capacity of the government to ensure the protection of their countries from internal insurrection or external aggression of any kind through adequate preparedness of the military to ensure intelligence gathering, secrecy and the protection of resources and rights considered critical to the existence of states. In this vein, the study examines the extent to which logistics supports from the Nigerian government to the Nigerian Armed Forces impacts the national security of the nation. The study delves to analyze the violent insurgencies and insecurity issues in the Niger Delta and the Boko Haram terrorism in the northeast, and how they have undermined Nigeria's national security. The paper adopts the Structural Functional theory to analyze the issues that facilitate the persistence of the insurgent groups in Nigeria. The study argues that in fighting insecurity in Nigeria the military personnel do not receive the needed logistics support promptly. Likewise, the paper highlights that the phenomenon of ethnicity and religious intolerance have led to incessant recurrence of ethnoreligious conflicts, which have claimed the lives of thousands of Nigerians, and birthed copious ethnic militias like the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra MASSOB , Boko Haram, and Niger Delta Avengers NDA , amongst others. The study, therefore, recommends that the Federal government should monitor the funds allocated to the defence sector and ensure proper accountability of such funds and that the government should facilitate the local production of arms by the Ministry of Defence this could be done through the government's proper funding and supervision of the activities of DICON, so as to boost the domestic production of arms and ammunition for use by the military and other related agencies all encapsulated within the Nigerian defence sector. Otu Offiong Duke "The Role of Military Logistics Supports in Safeguarding National Security in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26505.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/26505/the-role-of-military-logistics-supports-in-safeguarding-national-security-in-nigeria/otu-offiong-duke
The scourge of socio economic insecurity in nigeria’s fourth republic, and th...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses socio-economic insecurity in Nigeria since the return to civilian rule in 1999. While expectations were high that an elected government would improve living standards, paradoxically Nigerians have faced harsh socio-economic conditions and a deterioration in their standard of living.
2) Issues like unemployment, collapse of industries, poor infrastructure, sectarian clashes, assassinations and kidnappings have created a high sense of insecurity. This undermines Nigeria's goal of becoming a top 20 global economy and its competitiveness in Africa.
3) The failure of leaders to provide "public goods" like education, healthcare, jobs and reducing inequality has been the source of violence and threatens Nigeria's relevance as an anchor country in
Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Grow...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between industrialization and economic growth in African nations from 2013 to 2019. It categorizes African nations into the top five most industrialized and the bottom five least industrialized based on industrial output. GDP and per capita GDP are used to measure economic growth. Statistical analysis finds a high correlation between average GDP of more industrialized nations and less industrialized nations, and a significant relationship between average per capita GDP of the two groups. However, industrialization has not had a significant impact on GDP or per capita GDP across African nations overall. The study concludes more needs to be done to develop policies that unlock the effects of industrialization on economic indicators in Africa.
The Role of Youths in Peace Building A Response to Insurgency in the Northeas...ijtsrd
This paper aims to investigate the role of youths in peace building, as a response to Boko Haram insurgent activities in the northeastern Nigeria. The paper used secondary data and discussions of the findings have been made qualitatively. The finding of the study indicated that the northeast geopolitical region has been a peaceful region, notably Kanem Borno Empire since before the colonial rule. This was possible because of the role played by the rulers of that era in promoting peace and peaceful coexistence, such as establishing the concept of unity of God none to be worshipped but Allah alone , rule with justice as Allah and His messenger gave judgment, by the Book Quran and the Sunnah Hadith , and not to oppress any of the servants of Allah, as Allah averts oppression from the two worlds, etc. However, there were some emerging challenges to peace as a result of Boko Haram insurgency in the region, such as unleashed great fear and suffering upon individuals, displaced great number of people causing an enormous economic Barden upon the society and total destruction of educational system where students were been killed and schools were destroyed. The finding also indicated youth have played important role in peace building. The paper gave some recommendations on the expected roles of youth in peace building in the North East, view to proffering solutions and relevant policy options that could be implemented, for a strong, lasting, beneficial, acceptable, strategy that will eradicate violence, social conflicts and other vices which constitute threat to our peaceful coexistence. Dr. Kalli Alkali Yusuf Gazali "The Role of Youths in Peace Building: A Response to Insurgency in the Northeastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52715.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52715/the-role-of-youths-in-peace-building-a-response-to-insurgency-in-the-northeastern-nigeria/dr-kalli-alkali-yusuf-gazali
This paper traces the development of Boko-Haram from two perspectives (Socio-economic and Political), it exposes the reasons for the re-emergence of insecurity in Nigeria, precisely Northern zone which shares the same culture with Northern Cameroon. The paper equally explores the various groups threatening Nigerian sovereignty and countries of the Lake Chad Basin. It also outlines some responses to adapt to the changing modus operandi of the terrorist organization.
Multidisciplinary Journal Supported by TETFund. The journals would publish papers covering a wide range of subjects in journal science, management science, educational, agricultural, architectural, accounting and finance, business administration, entrepreneurship, business education, all journals
Socio-Political Implications of Youth Unemployment on Nigeria’s Economic Deve...iosrjce
Youth unemployment may be regarded as one of the major problems confronting the Nigerian state
presently. Unemployed youths feel alienated from the society and have a total distrust of the political system. A
person’s job beyond providing for daily subsistence also determines the individual’s social status, affecting
relationship with peers, people in the person’s neighborhood as well as extended family members. The paper a
desk research, relied entirely on secondary data, sourced from scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles,
relevant published books, materials downloaded from the internet, as well as government and institutional
publications. In this paper, we argue that high level of youth unemployment in both urban and rural areas in
Nigeria has generated a situation of acute social and political unrest. The frustrated youths have become
aggressive in making themselves available to be used by politicians who are not sure of winning the people’s
mandate during general election. These politicians pay them to engage in anti-democratic process activities,
including pre- election, election-day and post election violence. Some youths engage in various criminal
activities that frustrate economic development of the state. We recommend that government should put in place
social welfare programmes that attend to the needs of unemployed youths, provide the enabling environment for
private investors to establish industries that will employ the youths as well as introduce the fiscal policies that
will make banks to provide soft loans to the youths who have entrepreneurial skills.
Insecurity a threat to human existence and economic development in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document examines the causes and effects of insecurity in Nigeria. It discusses how insecurity has become a major problem that threatens human existence and economic development. Some of the key causes identified include political factors like the power shift from northern to southern rule, as well as unemployment, jobs racketeering, and poor leadership. Insecurity has led to bombings, killings, kidnappings and destruction of property. It has also negatively impacted people's well-being and the economy through business disruptions and relocations. The study recommends allowing dialogue between ethnic and minority groups to find more peaceful solutions to insecurity in Nigeria.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Youth participation, unemployment and poverty in a democratic nigeria towards...Alexander Decker
This document discusses youth participation, unemployment, and poverty in Nigeria and their impact on national security and economic development. It notes that while Nigeria has abundant resources, many youth live in poverty due to unemployment and underemployment. It argues that lack of youth participation and their unemployment and poverty are due to corruption in the Nigerian state and a lack of prioritizing youth issues. The document concludes that addressing youth unemployment and empowering youth must be a priority to achieve sustainable national security and economic development.
Theoretical understanding of conflicts and violence in nigeria the niger delt...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that explores theories to explain violence in Nigeria perpetrated by the Boko Haram militant group in the north and militant groups in the Niger Delta region. It discusses concepts of conflict and violence, and reviews literature on causes of conflicts. The paper aims to examine theories like relative deprivation, class conflict, and anomie to understand the violence in Nigeria, and suggest ways the government can manage these crises. Unemployment, poverty, and corruption are identified as major causes of violence in the country.
Similar to Peace and Security A Veritable Instrument for the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals SDGs in Nigeria (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30942 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 140
ethno-religious violence, electoral violence,youthmilitancy,
and civil unrest, Boko Haram, farmers-herders crisis,
banditry, kidnapping etc
Zuber (2016) noted that there can be no sustainable
development without peace and no peace without
sustainable development. At the termination of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015 and the
introduction of Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs),
one of the tenets of the global partnership programme is to
promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build
effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
Yet, the peace and securityof Nigeria hasremainendangered
thus undermining the developmental strides of the country.
Egugbo (2016) contended that the apparent failure on the
part of political leadership that has been amassing the
Nation’s wealth neglecting the masses which have resulted
into an ugly state of affairs, creating widening gap between
the rich and the poor. According to Egugbo (2016), the
political leadership instead of thinking out of the box to
ensure the bridging of the gap between the rich andthe poor
by seeking ways of diversifying the economy to open up
opportunities for job creation seems contented with the
status quo. The political leadership seems to be enjoying the
state of inequality in the country because it provides them
ample opportunity to have the poor manipulated by giving
them stipend to get their votes during elections. This high
level of inequality and the exploitation inherent in it has
made the poor masses to be disillusioned and disenchanted.
The resultant effect of this is the springing up of terrorist
groups like Boko Haram, armed robbery, kidnapping,
herders men attack on communities, banditry, separatist
agitators like the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and
Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of
Biafra (MASSOB), the resurgence of militancy in the Niger
Delta. While some of these groups appear to carry out
destructive acts against the state and the citizens as a wayof
venting their anger,othersperpetratedangerousactinorder
to survive the harsh economic condition foisted on them by
the political leadership. All these actions have combined to
bring the Nigerian economy to its knees.
Consequently, it can be argued that you cannot give what
you don't have. In other words you cannot sustain what you
don't have. Security is an enabler of national development.
There can be no sustainable development withoutpeace and
security in any nation. Building peace and adequate security
involves a wide range of efforts by diverse actors in
government and civil society at the community,national and
international levels to address the root causes of violence
and ensure that people have freedom from fear of
humiliation, war and conflicts (Madu, Ewelum & Chieke,
2015). Aborisade and Adedayo (2018) noted that globally,
the successes of millennium development goals in a number
of development areas havebeenacknowledged,especiallyas
regards poverty reduction. However, there is a consensus
that the millennium development agenda failed in a critical
target of ensuring justice and security. The submissions of
Aborisade and Adedayo (2018) can be contested in the area
of poverty reduction. The is because, despite the efforts of
the government to reduce poverty in Nigeria, it still soars.
Over half of the population of the country remain poor. The
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the new global
targets for improving people’s lives around the world.Atthe
United Nations Summit on 2th September,2015, world
leaders adopted the Agenda for Sustainable Development,
which includes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and
tackle climate change by 2030. The SDGs are built on the
Millennium Development Goals MDGs. Enormous progress
has been made in some countries on the MDGs. Despite this
success, the result in Nigeria is not very encouraging
(Dansabo, 2016).
Peace and Security in Nigeria
Nigeria is beset with numerous security problems which if
not addressed will hindertheachievementoftheSustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). Thereisgeneral insecurityin the
nation. As had already been stated, development can never
thrive in a nation where there is no peace and security. A
brief discussion of some of the major issues that endanger
the peace and security of Nigeria which in turnwill affectthe
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in the
nation is undertaken here also. The most disturbing issue
that is not only threatening the peaceandsecurityinNigeria,
but the corporate existence of the country is the issue of
Boko Haram. The group is believed to be the foot soldiers of
the Sharia brigade created by the desperate former
Governors 'core north' that decided to operate Islamic Legal
Code of Sharia in defiance of the Nigerian Secular
Constitution. The assertive presidency of Chief Olusegun
Obasanjo 1999-2007, dislodged the North from the control
of power at the centre which the northern Nigeria had
enjoved since the independence of Nigeria in 1960. To rally
the 'core North' together against the Obasanjo 'insurgence'
and to enable the area recover its lost overbearing influence
of the affairs of the country that had been in existence since
independence, 'political sharia' was created. The then
President Obasanjo wasted no time in applying his military
experience in taming the sharia Governors and their foot
soldiers. These sharia foot soldiers have now
metamorphosed into Boko Haram who hasnowturnedtheir
guns against everybodyincludingtheirformersponsors.The
set had been dubbed Boko Haram by local residents, Hausa
words, which literally mean "western education is
forbidden". Sect members had set up a community living by
strict sharia principles around its mosque in Maiduguri.
Nigerian media had popularized the name Boko Haram,
following trouble which began in 2009 when the sect's
mosque was attacked by security forces as a result of the
sect's increasing radical sermonsandcallingforjihadagainst
government. One of the leaders of the sect, Abu Dujana, said
members drew their ideas (ideology) from the same pool of
radical thought as al-Qaeda and Somalia group al-Shabab
(BBC News-12713739). On 'who are Nigeria's Boko Haram
Islamists?', Farouk Chothia (BBC News Africa, 13809501)
stated: 'Nigeria's militantIslamistgroup,BokoHaram, which
said it bombed the police headquarters in the capital city,
Abuja, is fighting to overthrowthegovernmentandcreate an
Islam state. Its followers are said to be influenced by the
Koranic phrase which says: 'Anyone who is not governed by
what Allah has revealed is among the transgressors". Boko
Haram promotes a version of Islam which makes it "haram",
or forbidden, for muslims to take part in any political or
social activity associated with western society, including
voting in elections, wearing shirts and trousers or receiving
secular education. The groups official nameisJama'atuAhlis
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30942 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 141
Sunna Lidda' await wal-Jihad, whichinArabicmeans 'People
committed to the propagation of the Prophet's Teachings
and Jihad'.
The effect of the activities of the Boko Haram militant group
is very serious insecurity which is making Nigeria and
Nigerians poorer, thus affecting the goals of the Millennium
Development. Book Haram has introduced a new and the
worst dimension of terror attack, suicide bombing, to
enforce its agenda. The group has surpassed all other militia
groups in Nigeria in unleashing terror on its objects of
attack. It has claimed responsibility for high profile attacks
on Army barracks, police stations, even policeheadquarters,
which before now are no go areas for militia groups. The
sudden global recognition it got cheaplyduetothefearit has
instilled on Nigeria-wide has turned it into a most dreaded
monster like (Al- Queda).
Based in Borno state, the North Eastern tip of Nigeria, with
the assistance of Nigerian porous borders, it regularly enlist
recruits from Niger, Chad, Sudan and even from Somalia, a
notorious war torn country where sea pirates threaten the
world's maritime trade. Some of the headlines on some
Nigerian newspapers depict the horror and violence
unleashed on Nigeria by these fundamentalists. A few of
them will suffice: "Police Storm Boko Haram Hideout, kill 3,
arrest many others ..., Sect kills 2 cops, customs officer, 3
others in mid morning attack in Borno" (Daily Sun,
Wednesday July 6, 2011), "Boko Haram gives conditions ...
says FG must withdraw soldiers" (Daily Sun, Thursday July
14, 2011) "5 fleeing Borno residents dieinautocrash"(Daily
Sun, 14/7/2011). Even BBC News Africa (15 March, 2011)
depicted the horror Boko Haram is associated with,
"Maiduguri: Nigeria's city of fear". Here, Andrew Walker in
Maiduguri reported that 'No one knows who to be afraid of
most, a group of Islamist militant known as Boko Haram or
Police', stating that for past five months that the militants
had been fighting a guerrilla war, killing policemen and
people they believe helped the security services in the fight
against them. The effects of the activities of the Boko Haram
militants are very serious insecurity,lossofhumanlives,and
dislodgement of people from their settlementsamongother.
These are in turn making Nigerians and Nigeria poorer, thus
affecting in turn some of the goals of Millennium
Development.
Apart from Boko Haram menace, another contentious issue
that is affecting the peace and coordinate efforts of Nigeria
that may bring about the achievement of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) is theintroductionof noninterest
banking model, of which Islamic banking is one of the
variants by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The heat
generated by this model of banking - that experts say relies
heavily on Islamic jurisprudence, is much that it has already
polarized the country into two opposing camps - Christians
and Moslems. The fear of Christians centres mainly on their
belief that the introduction of Islamic banking system is
nothing but surreptitious more towards Tslamization'ofthe
country. Christian clerics saw it aspartoftheOrganizationof
Islamic Countries (OIC) agenda, which the country was
smuggled in as a member under the then militaryleadership
of Gen. Ibrahim Babangida in spite of stiff oppositionthenby
Christians. Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe, the then Chief of
General staff (Gen. Babangida's second) in commandlost his
position and job because of his stiff opposition to Nigeria
membership of OIC. The mere fact that the Islamic banking
project is coming at a time the nation's apex bank is headed
by a "devout Muslim" seems to compound the situation. To
make matters worse, the CBN Governor, Mallam Sanusi
Lamido Sanusi, adopted a combative approach when
attempting to explain the rationale for the Bank's action.
Even the Muslims who will formthe majority beneficiaries of
the new banking system do not help matters bythewaythey
line up in defence of the CBN Governor. The President of
Christian AssociationofNigeria (CAN)PastorAyoOritsejafor
has stated that Islamic Banking policy is very capable of
causing dangerous disaffection between Christians and
Muslims. In criticizing theIslamicbanking,PastorOritsejafor
mixed up the issue with the activities of theBokoHaramsect
in Borno state and thus sought to justify the assertion that
Islamic banking is synonymous with fundamentalism. The
leader of the South East arm of the Christian Council of
Nigeria and the Anglican Bishop of Enugu Diocese, the most
Reverend Emmanuel Chukwuma had associated the Islamic
Banking with sharia law and Al-Qaeda. He argued that it
would be dangerous to introduce "religious banking" in
Nigeria, and warned that "Nigeria will be sitting on a keg of
gunpowder because Islamic banking will be used to fuel
terrorism", to a grand design by certain Muslims to "make
the country ungovernable because they do not want a
Christian President" (This Day, July 29, 2011). The leader of
the Christian Welfare Initiative, Archbishop Magnus
Adeyemi Atilade on his own described the Islamic bank
(intended) as "part of a hidden agenda to Islamize Nigeria,
which must not be allowed to happen" (This Day July 29,
2011). Joining issues with opponents of Islamic banking,the
Sultan of Sokoto and President General of the Jamatul Nasril
Islam (JNI), Muhammad Sa'ad Abubakar III said, "so many
people have said so many things about Islamicbanking. Why
is it that whenever anything Islamic ismentioned,thosewho
are not Muslirris kick against it?" going further he asked,
"What is there to be afraid of in Islam? If Muslims want a
particular way of life as Muslims, why should anybody try to
stop them? But if it is the other way round (Christians) it is
good, but if it is for Muslims, it is bad ... we are on our way
and non-interest banking has come to stay ..." (This Day July
29, 2011).
Away from the daggers drawn bytheChristiansandMuslims
over Islamic banking, proponents of Islamic banking have
stated that it will not discriminate against Christian who
would apply for facilities, if they meet the stipulated
conditions. They argued that Islamic banking is aimed at
providing credit to over 70 million Nigerians (majority of
them Muslims) who presently cannot access creditsbecause
they do not patronize conventional banks. If this is so,
introduction of Islamic banking will go a long way in helping
Nigeria to achieve the first goal of the MDGs and therefore
should be encouraged. The federal government should,
however, intervene in the matter and urgently to avert the
looming religiouswarbetweenChristiansandMuslim,which
will in turn further impoverish the already poor Nigerians,
thus negating some of the goals of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). This the federal government can
do by helping to explain the benefits of the Islamic banking
on the one hand and ensuring that the fears of Christians are
taken care of on the other hand.
Another security challengethathasaffectedtheachievement
of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria is
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the mayhem .that took place in May 2011, following the
declaration of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan as the President
consequent upon the 2011 presidential election. In Kaduna
and Bauchi states of Nigeria, thousands of people were
slaughtered and many others rendered homeless while
markets where the conlmodities upon which many people
depend for livelihood were set ablaze.Manyvehicles, which,
were sources of income of many people were alsosetablaze.
Jos crisis is yet another security challenge which has
adversely affected the achievements of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. Hardly do six months
pass without occurrence of crisis in the Nigerian central
Plateau state. For want of space, this issue cannot be
discussed in details as the first two issues discussed.
Finally, another security challenge in Nigeria that has
affected the achievement of Millennium Development Goals
is the Niger Delta crisis. Before the Boko Haram militants
changed the face of militancy in Nigeria by introducing
suicide bombing, the most daring militant groups in Nigeria
were the Niger Delta militants. Crying of long years of
neglect, peculiar problems of poverty, lack of infrastructure,
unemployment and environmental despoliation, the Niger
Delta zone (South-South zone) which produces large chunk
of oil upon which the national economy is sustained started
clamouring for resource control. The federal government
refused to yield to the demand. Consequently, unemployed
youths from the zone took up arms against the federal
government, oil companies operating in their region,
personnels of the oil companies, in fact any person they
decided to attack or kidnap. , With time, whatinitiallylooked
like children's play became very serious national security
challenge. Innocent people were attacked. People were
indiscriminately kidnapped. Some people closed their
thriving business ventures within the zone and relocated.
Some became impoverished consequent upon the activities
of the militant groups. On October 1, 2010, when the nation
was celebrating its 50th independence anniversary, bombs
planted in vehicles by Niger Delta militants exploded at
Abuja killing number of people. Thus, followingtheactivities
of Niger Delta militants, the goals of Millennium
Development were hampered in a number of ways.
RELATED EMPIRICAL STUDIES
Aborisade and Adedayo (2018) examined security and the
2063 Agenda forSustainable DevelopmentinAfrica:Whither
Nigeria? the paper examined Nigeria’s bid to meet with the
goal of attaining sustainable peace andsecurityas partof the
2063 Agenda for sustainable development in Africa. The
study drew on literature on security and development as
well as secondary data on security situation in Nigeria to
make projections into Nigeria’s strategic positioning to
realise the Agenda. The study posits that the insecurity
challenges in Nigeria has becomes a drain on local and
national resources at the expense of development and
peoples’ wellbeing thereby, havingadverseconsequenceson
economic growth and development.Abbas(2018)examined
peace and conflict resolution in Nigeria asanimperativetool
for countering violent extremism using content analysis of
extant literature. The study argues that there is a missing
gap on the relevance of peace and conflict resolution as a
discipline and subject of study which creates a debateonthe
relevance of the discipline to the current security challenges
in Nigeria. The study posits that the perceived gap has
deepened the frustration that despite several decades of
teaching and researching in the area of peace and conflict
resolution in Nigeria, the country still remains one of the
conflict ridden areas around the globe. Yisa, Yusuf and
Yemisi (2018) examined conflict peace and security: The
Nigeria experience using content analysis of extant
literature. The study argued that conflict, peace and security
issues today have become a matter of global concern. The
study also posits that the crisis of Boko Haram insurgency,
Fulani herdsmen and farmers clashes, cattle rustling,
militant group crisis, political crisis, corruption and a hostof
others have caused a lot of challenges that has threaten the
cooperate existence of the country.
Akinloye (2018) carried out a study on the implementation
of sustainable development goals in Nigeria: Maximizing the
influence of religious leaders. The study relied on extensive
literature review of extant literature. The study argued that
the limited scope of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) and the failure of the programme to achieve its
developmental objectives at its expiry in 2015 led to the
development and implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) programme commencing 2016.
The study posits that the SDGs progamme has been widely
accepted as laudable for its wider approach to global
development and sustainability. The study also, through
literature review and analysis of surveys and reports,
examines the influence religious leaders have on their
followers in Africa with Nigeria as a case study. It posits that
religious leaders have a strong influence on their followers,
as Nigerians and most Africans place more trust in, and
respect the opinions of their religious leaders than their
political counterparts. The study contends that if the global
agenda of the SDGs is to be realised by getting a wider
Nigerians to accept and involve in the implementationofthe
sustainable goals, then, the potential influence of religious
leaders should be harnessed. Gubak and Bulus (2018)
examined national security challenges and sustainable
development in Nigeria: A critical analysis of the Niger Delta
Region using qualitative and descriptive methods of data
analysis also content analysis of extant literature. Findings
from the study reveal among others that, the security
challenges in Nigeria have long historical antecedence and
the crises and conflicts in the Niger Delta region are the
consequences of several years of exploitation, neglect and
deliberate abandonment of the regionwhichisthe economic
base of the nation, by successive governments and oil
multinationals. Balami, Ahmed &Yusuf(2016) examinedthe
imperative of peace and security for the attainment of
inclusive growth in Nigeria using content analysis from
extant literature. The study argued that despite several past
reforms and policies dictated by the IMF and World Bank,
African countries are still experiencing economic instability.
Absence of security and exclusive growth process are some
of the underlying obstacles of physical and human capital
accretion indeveloping economies.Egugbo(2016) examined
governance and sustainable peace in Nigeria using content
analysis of extant literature. The study posits that the
political leadership enjoys the state of inequality in the
country because it provides them ampleopportunitytohave
the poor manipulated by giving them stipend to get their
votes during elections. This high level of inequality and the
exploitation inherent in it has made the poor masses to be
disillusioned and disenchanted. The resultanteffectofthisis
the springing up of terrorist groups like Boko Haram, armed
robbery, kidnapping, separatist agitatorsliketheIndigenous
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30942 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 143
People of Biafra (IPOB) and Movement for the Actualization
of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), the resurgence of
militancy in the Niger Delta. While some of these groups
appear to carry out destructive acts against the stateandthe
citizens as a way of venting their anger, others perpetrate
dangerous act in order to survive the harsh economic
condition foisted on them by the political leadership. All
these actions have combined to bring the Nigerian economy
to its knees.
Madu, Ewelum and Chieke (2015) examined peace and
security as necessitiesforsustainingnational transformation
in Nigeria. The study relied on secondary data from extant
literature. It argued that high level of crime and anti-social
behaviour has been on the increase among developed, as
well as developing nations like Nigeria. The resultant effect
has led to a downward trend of the economy and failure in
achieving sustainable national transformation. Peace and
security are the basic instruments for a nation’s success.
Enu and Ugwu (2011) examined the interface between
human security and peace building and brought to focus the
challenges to human security and sustainablepeacebuilding
in the Niger Delta region. The study relied on extensive
literature review from extant literature. The study
established the fact that human security in the region is
predicated upon sustainable peace building and
consolidation. Igbuzor (2011) investigated peace and
security education as a critical factor for sustainable peace
and national development in Nigeria. The study relied on
secondary data from extantliterature. Thepaperarguedthat
the three key problems capable of compromising the peace
and security of Nigeria are ethno-religious conflicts, Niger
delta crisis and electoral violence. The study also posits that
there are many dimensions of peace including negative
peace (absence of direct violence) and positive peace
(absence of predisposing factors to violence) as well as
philosophical, sociological and political dimensions.
CONCLUSION
The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)isthenewglobal
targets for improving people’s lives around the world.Atthe
United Nations Summit on 2th September,2015, world
leaders adopted the Agenda for Sustainable Development,
which includes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and
tackle climate change by 2030 (Dansabo, 2016). Thevarious
issues challenging peace and security in Nigeria have
adversely affected the achievement of many of the goals of
MDGs thus creating a serious problem for sustainability
agenda. As have been indicated in thispaper,all theeffectsof
the issues discussed were negativeontheMDGs.Ratherthan
eradicating poverty as required by Goal 1, all ofthemfurther
impoverished the already poor people. The dangerous
nature of all the issues discussed also affected the
achievement of universal primary education. Again, people
can only talk of their rights and privileges in a peaceful and
secured environment, thus goal 3, promotion of gender
equality and empowering women cannot be gotten in a
nation where even human lives and existence are not
assured. Conscious efforts are, however, being made to
promote gender equality and empower women but in a
nation where one militant group or the other can take laws
into their hands and go as far as challenging the constituted
authority, assertion of one'srightmaybecounterproductive.
Thus, in one way or the other, the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) are negatively affected when there is no peace
or insecurity within a nation. The Federal Government
should seriously addressall securitychallengesinthenation.
Both carrot and stick are required in addressing the various
issues that threaten peace and security in the nation. Where
force is seen as the best option to address a particular issue,
force should be applied. However, where negotiation and
ceding of necessary grounds is adjudged the best option,
they should be applied.
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