Pe5e chapter 01 v1.0
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This document discusses different views on the role of government in the economy, key issues facing Southern African governments, categories of the public sector, and trends in the size and composition of South Africa's public sector. It explores the relationship between the public sector and private economy, focusing on resource allocation, distribution, and market vs. political systems. The document also examines taxation, public expenditure, financing, and regulatory actions of non-profit governments and how they impact economies.
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globalization ,state,nation ..PowerPoint
This document outlines a lecture on the relationship between nation-states and globalization. It discusses two approaches: a liberal view that sees states and markets as separate entities, and an open Marxist view that sees the state as regulating capitalism. It then analyzes contemporary processes of state restructuring, noting changes like independent central banks and increased market-based regulation. Overall, the document examines how globalization is impacting states and competing theories about the relationship between states and capitalism.
glob_state.ppt
This document outlines a lecture on the relationship between nation-states and globalization. It discusses two approaches: a liberal view that sees states and markets as separate entities, and an open Marxist view that sees the state as regulating capitalism. It then analyzes contemporary processes of state restructuring, noting changes like independent central banks and increased market-based regulation. Overall, the document examines how globalization is impacting states and competing theories about the relationship between states and capitalism.
glob_state (1).ppt
This document outlines a lecture on the relationship between nation-states and globalization. It discusses two approaches: a liberal view that sees states and markets as separate entities, and an open Marxist view that sees the state as regulating capitalism. It then analyzes contemporary processes of state restructuring, noting trends toward independent central banks, market-based regulation, and policies that promote national competitiveness over protecting individual firms. The conclusion stresses that understanding the basic state-market relationship is key to interpreting globalization's impacts.
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pol4_103958.pptx
The document discusses four major economic systems - capitalism, socialism, mixed economy, and Islamic economy. It provides details on the central problems faced by economies, the fundamental theories and characteristics of each system, and some common criticisms. Capitalism is based on private ownership and free markets, while socialism emphasizes collective ownership and central planning. A mixed economy combines public and private aspects. Islamic economy blends private pursuit of interests with equitable distribution of income and prohibition of interest.
Pol1_071033.pptx
This document provides an introduction to political economy by exploring the relationship between politics and economics. It defines political economy as the study of how power relations mutually constitute the production, distribution, and consumption of resources. While politics and economics can be differentiated by their primary goals, institutions, and actors, they also share commonalities around organizing human activity and managing resources. The roles of the state and the market are then examined, with the state responsible for issues like freedom, equity, order, and stability, and the market coordinating economic activity and promoting efficiency and growth. The chapter concludes by contrasting the political-economic systems of capitalism and socialism.
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This document provides an overview of public finance and taxation in Ethiopia. It discusses key topics such as the role of government, sources of government revenue including taxes, the principles and theories of taxation, and the history of modern taxes in Ethiopia. Specifically, it outlines the introduction and evolution of major taxes like income tax, agricultural taxes, education and health taxes, excise duties, and customs duties since the 1940s. It also summarizes Ethiopia's fiscal federalism and revenue sharing framework under the country's constitution.
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The document describes three types of economic environments: capitalist, socialist, and mixed. A capitalist economy relies on free market forces and private ownership, while a socialist economy emphasizes government ownership and central planning with restrictions. A mixed economy involves active participation from private, public, and joint sectors, with the government taking on regulatory, promotional, entrepreneurial, and planning roles.
Ashish tyagi
Mixed economies have characteristics of both market and planned economies. The means of production are mainly privately owned and markets are dominant, but the government wields influence through fiscal and monetary policies to counter economic downturns. In a mixed economy, private and public sectors exist alongside each other and engage in coordinated activities, with the government controlling strategic sectors like banking, transport, and energy, while leaving agriculture, consumer goods, and other industries to the private sector. A mixed economy has advantages of capitalist private companies and socialist public sector influence, but can also result in sub-optimal resource allocation if the government prioritizes overall societal benefits over economic efficiency.
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Economic system by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
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Pe5e chapter 01 v1.0
- 2. • Give a brief overview of different views of the role of government in the economy • List key issues confronting Southern African governments regarding their role in the economy • Distinguish between the main institutional categories of the public sector • Discuss the salient features of and trends in the size and composition of the South African public sector • Discuss various aspects of the relationship between the public sector and the rest of the economy.
- 3. • Impact of the public sector (government) on resource allocation and distribution • Market system vs political system – Price is the equilibrating mechanism – Political process addresses needs not satisfied in the market system • Political equilibrating mechanism: the ballot box • Price: tax. • Features of SA’s current democracy • Legacy of the past • Fiscal challenges.
- 4. The study of the nature, principles and economic consequences of expenditure, taxation, €financing, and the regulatory actions undertaken by the non-profit making government sector of the economy.
- 5. • Procurement of private funds by the state • Enacting a law to allocate private resources • Positive economics • Normative economics.
- 6. Individualistic Public Interest Developmental State Key characteristic Maximisation of individual welfare Maximisation of social welfare or national interest Combination of individual & social interests Role of Government Correcting market failure Distribution of income Selective intervention Policy Focus Efficiency of resource allocation and economic growth Combating poverty and equity issues. Way in which political & economic control is obtained & exercised
- 8. • Taxes (direct & indirect) • Resource use – General government consumption – Investment: • General government • Public corporations • Transfer payments – Interest on public debt – Subsidies and current transfers • Total public sector resource mobilisation – General government – Public corporations.
- 10. • Supplier of public goods and services • Purchasing power • Privatisation • Public-private partnerships • Taxes and levies • Budget imbalance • Government borrowing • Impact of economy on government.