The document summarizes a PBL presentation about two murders of Korean women in London and France. The bodies of the women, Hyo Jung Jin and In Hea Song, were found bound with the same type of tape. Evidence from a house connected to both crime scenes, including paint samples and DNA evidence on the tape, pointed to Kyo Soo Kim as the suspect. Techniques like paint analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and gel electrophoresis were used to analyze the evidence. Ultimately, Kyo Soo Kim was found guilty of both murders based on the evidence linking him to the crimes.
This document presents the objectives, hypothesis, methodology, results, and conclusion of a mini project studying how much money students at UPSI spend per month. The objectives are to determine if PTPTN loans are sufficient for expenses and quantify monthly spending. A hypothesis is that loans do not fully cover costs. Surveys of 50 students collected data on expenses per semester and month. Most students spent RM2000-RM3999 per semester and RM300-RM499 monthly. Most money was spent on food. In conclusion, students agreed loans are insufficient but help fund their education.
This document describes an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid using a data logger. Students will use a data logger to monitor the temperature change in two test tubes, one containing hydrochloric acid as a control and one containing both hydrochloric acid and magnesium. They aim to determine if the exothermic reaction between the magnesium and acid affects the overall temperature. The experiment involves measuring temperature changes over time as magnesium is added to one test tube, with the goal of understanding how temperature influences reaction rate.
This document discusses using data logging in education for experiments. It notes advantages like more interesting experiments and accurate graphs, but also disadvantages like costs and computer literacy needs. The document outlines an experiment using a carbon dioxide sensor and data logger to monitor carbon dioxide levels during yeast fermentation with different glucose concentrations. It presents the results and leads a discussion on respiration rates and the role of paraffin oil and pressure valves. The conclusion states that data logging enhances learning and helps achieve learning outcomes.
1) STELLA is a modeling and simulation tool that allows students to explore systems over time and see the relationships between variables. It helps bridge the gap between theory and the real world.
2) A simple pendulum experiment using STELLA showed that the period of a pendulum remains constant as long as the angle of displacement is small (less than 20 degrees). The period is independent of the mass of the pendulum bob but directly proportional to the string length.
3) Various experiments manipulating variables like initial displacement, bob mass, and string length demonstrated the relationships defined by the equations of motion for a simple pendulum. The string length experiment clearly showed the period increases with longer string lengths.
This document presents the objectives, hypothesis, methodology, results, and conclusion of a mini project studying how much money students at UPSI spend per month. The objectives are to determine if PTPTN loans are sufficient for expenses and quantify monthly spending. A hypothesis is that loans do not fully cover costs. Surveys of 50 students collected data on expenses per semester and month. Most students spent RM2000-RM3999 per semester and RM300-RM499 monthly. Most money was spent on food. In conclusion, students agreed loans are insufficient but help fund their education.
This document describes an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid using a data logger. Students will use a data logger to monitor the temperature change in two test tubes, one containing hydrochloric acid as a control and one containing both hydrochloric acid and magnesium. They aim to determine if the exothermic reaction between the magnesium and acid affects the overall temperature. The experiment involves measuring temperature changes over time as magnesium is added to one test tube, with the goal of understanding how temperature influences reaction rate.
This document discusses using data logging in education for experiments. It notes advantages like more interesting experiments and accurate graphs, but also disadvantages like costs and computer literacy needs. The document outlines an experiment using a carbon dioxide sensor and data logger to monitor carbon dioxide levels during yeast fermentation with different glucose concentrations. It presents the results and leads a discussion on respiration rates and the role of paraffin oil and pressure valves. The conclusion states that data logging enhances learning and helps achieve learning outcomes.
1) STELLA is a modeling and simulation tool that allows students to explore systems over time and see the relationships between variables. It helps bridge the gap between theory and the real world.
2) A simple pendulum experiment using STELLA showed that the period of a pendulum remains constant as long as the angle of displacement is small (less than 20 degrees). The period is independent of the mass of the pendulum bob but directly proportional to the string length.
3) Various experiments manipulating variables like initial displacement, bob mass, and string length demonstrated the relationships defined by the equations of motion for a simple pendulum. The string length experiment clearly showed the period increases with longer string lengths.
Molecular basis of inheritance by mohanbiomohan bio
Nucleic acids are macromolecules found in all living cells that carry genetic information. Friedrich Miescher first isolated nucleic acids from white blood cells in 1869. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material found in the nuclei of cells and in organelles like mitochondria. It has a double-helix structure formed by pairing of nitrogenous bases. RNA is also found in cells and is involved in protein synthesis. The flow of genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein, as described by the central dogma of molecular biology.
Chapter 6. Molecular basis of inheritance.mohan bio
Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are the genetic material found in living cells. DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next and is made up of deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replication is semi-conservative and produces two identical DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand. Transcription produces mRNA from a DNA template, and translation reads mRNA to produce proteins according to the central dogma of biology.
DNA is the genetic material present in all living cells. It is a double-stranded molecule composed of deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replicates semi-conservatively to produce two identical copies of itself during cell division. It carries genetic information that is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.
The police found small blood specks on a white t-shirt and blue jeans found in Ted Scholes' home. They would analyze the white blood cells using PCR to see if they matched Nicole Beaumont's DNA. PCR amplifies small DNA samples so they can be more easily analyzed through electrophoresis. This makes copies of the original strand, allowing analysis of very small DNA samples. Once a large enough sample was generated through PCR, it could be analyzed through genetic fingerprinting and compared to Nicole Beaumont's known sample to see if it was a match.
The document discusses the challenges of identifying unknown deceased individuals and the role of forensic pathologists. It describes various case scenarios involving decomposed, burned, and dismembered bodies that make identification difficult. Forensic pathologists can examine the body and document identifying features to aid police investigation. Proper sampling and preservation of tissues for DNA analysis is important for confirming identity, especially in challenging cases. The document emphasizes that identification requires a holistic approach and warns against unscientific methods.
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to distinguish between individuals using DNA samples. It was invented in 1985 and involves cutting DNA at specific sites, sorting fragments by size, transferring the pattern to a nylon sheet, probing with radioactive markers, and comparing the final fingerprint to fingerprints from crime scenes or other individuals. It can be used for paternity testing, solving crimes by matching DNA from suspects, and identifying individuals. While powerful, it relies on careful evidence handling and is subject to human error.
DNA fingerprinting involves isolating DNA from a sample, cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size through gel electrophoresis, and comparing the unique band patterns to identify individuals. It has various forensic and medical uses such as identifying crime suspects by comparing DNA profiles, determining paternity in legal cases, and diagnosing inherited disorders. The chances of any two individuals having the exact same DNA profile are extremely low, making DNA fingerprinting a powerful tool for individual identification.
The document discusses forensic science and its applications. It provides an overview of forensic science, explaining that it systematically collects and analyzes information from the past using scientific methods to assist law enforcement. It also discusses the various branches of forensic science like DNA analysis, forensic pathology, anthropology, and toxicology. The document outlines several methods used in forensic science like fingerprint analysis, DNA profiling, ballistics analysis, and trace evidence analysis. It discusses the importance of forensic science in solving crimes and bringing justice. It also talks about future demand in the field and potential sponsors to approach for events related to forensic science.
RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) is a DNA profiling technique that involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments of varying lengths, separating the fragments via gel electrophoresis, and comparing fragment patterns to detect differences between individuals' DNA. It was an early and important method for genome mapping, disease risk determination, and forensic identification but has been replaced by newer techniques as it is expensive, time-consuming, and requires large DNA amounts. RFLP analysis cuts DNA with restriction enzymes, separates fragments by size via gel electrophoresis, and compares patterns to detect length polymorphisms indicating sequence differences between individuals.
DNA carries genetic instructions in all living things. It is a double-stranded molecule shaped like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of sugar and phosphate, with nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G) forming rungs between the strands via hydrogen bonding. The structure was discovered in 1953 by Watson and Crick. DNA is found in the cell nucleus and mitochondria, where it stores and transmits hereditary information from parents to offspring that directs protein synthesis and cell functions.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size and charge. It works by applying an electric current to a gel, which causes charged molecules to migrate through the gel at different rates depending on their size and charge. The document discusses the history and development of gel electrophoresis, the basic principles and apparatus used, how to prepare and run a gel, and applications like DNA fingerprinting, antibiotic testing, and vaccine development. Common errors that can affect electrophoresis results include sample contamination, problems with the gel or electric current, and issues with visualization of the separated molecules.
Molecular basis of inheritance by mohanbiomohan bio
Nucleic acids are macromolecules found in all living cells that carry genetic information. Friedrich Miescher first isolated nucleic acids from white blood cells in 1869. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material found in the nuclei of cells and in organelles like mitochondria. It has a double-helix structure formed by pairing of nitrogenous bases. RNA is also found in cells and is involved in protein synthesis. The flow of genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein, as described by the central dogma of molecular biology.
Chapter 6. Molecular basis of inheritance.mohan bio
Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are the genetic material found in living cells. DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next and is made up of deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replication is semi-conservative and produces two identical DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand. Transcription produces mRNA from a DNA template, and translation reads mRNA to produce proteins according to the central dogma of biology.
DNA is the genetic material present in all living cells. It is a double-stranded molecule composed of deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replicates semi-conservatively to produce two identical copies of itself during cell division. It carries genetic information that is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.
The police found small blood specks on a white t-shirt and blue jeans found in Ted Scholes' home. They would analyze the white blood cells using PCR to see if they matched Nicole Beaumont's DNA. PCR amplifies small DNA samples so they can be more easily analyzed through electrophoresis. This makes copies of the original strand, allowing analysis of very small DNA samples. Once a large enough sample was generated through PCR, it could be analyzed through genetic fingerprinting and compared to Nicole Beaumont's known sample to see if it was a match.
The document discusses the challenges of identifying unknown deceased individuals and the role of forensic pathologists. It describes various case scenarios involving decomposed, burned, and dismembered bodies that make identification difficult. Forensic pathologists can examine the body and document identifying features to aid police investigation. Proper sampling and preservation of tissues for DNA analysis is important for confirming identity, especially in challenging cases. The document emphasizes that identification requires a holistic approach and warns against unscientific methods.
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to distinguish between individuals using DNA samples. It was invented in 1985 and involves cutting DNA at specific sites, sorting fragments by size, transferring the pattern to a nylon sheet, probing with radioactive markers, and comparing the final fingerprint to fingerprints from crime scenes or other individuals. It can be used for paternity testing, solving crimes by matching DNA from suspects, and identifying individuals. While powerful, it relies on careful evidence handling and is subject to human error.
DNA fingerprinting involves isolating DNA from a sample, cutting it into fragments using restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size through gel electrophoresis, and comparing the unique band patterns to identify individuals. It has various forensic and medical uses such as identifying crime suspects by comparing DNA profiles, determining paternity in legal cases, and diagnosing inherited disorders. The chances of any two individuals having the exact same DNA profile are extremely low, making DNA fingerprinting a powerful tool for individual identification.
The document discusses forensic science and its applications. It provides an overview of forensic science, explaining that it systematically collects and analyzes information from the past using scientific methods to assist law enforcement. It also discusses the various branches of forensic science like DNA analysis, forensic pathology, anthropology, and toxicology. The document outlines several methods used in forensic science like fingerprint analysis, DNA profiling, ballistics analysis, and trace evidence analysis. It discusses the importance of forensic science in solving crimes and bringing justice. It also talks about future demand in the field and potential sponsors to approach for events related to forensic science.
RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) is a DNA profiling technique that involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments of varying lengths, separating the fragments via gel electrophoresis, and comparing fragment patterns to detect differences between individuals' DNA. It was an early and important method for genome mapping, disease risk determination, and forensic identification but has been replaced by newer techniques as it is expensive, time-consuming, and requires large DNA amounts. RFLP analysis cuts DNA with restriction enzymes, separates fragments by size via gel electrophoresis, and compares patterns to detect length polymorphisms indicating sequence differences between individuals.
DNA carries genetic instructions in all living things. It is a double-stranded molecule shaped like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of sugar and phosphate, with nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G) forming rungs between the strands via hydrogen bonding. The structure was discovered in 1953 by Watson and Crick. DNA is found in the cell nucleus and mitochondria, where it stores and transmits hereditary information from parents to offspring that directs protein synthesis and cell functions.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins based on their size and charge. It works by applying an electric current to a gel, which causes charged molecules to migrate through the gel at different rates depending on their size and charge. The document discusses the history and development of gel electrophoresis, the basic principles and apparatus used, how to prepare and run a gel, and applications like DNA fingerprinting, antibiotic testing, and vaccine development. Common errors that can affect electrophoresis results include sample contamination, problems with the gel or electric current, and issues with visualization of the separated molecules.
1. PBL PRESENTATION
PBL PRESENTATION
Tittle : ‘We are korean!, don’t kill me..’
Lecturer : Dr. Syakirah binti Samsuddin
2. GROUP MEMBERS
NAME MATRIC NUMBER
NORFAZREENA BINTI MA’AMOR D20101037526
NOR SYUHADA BINTI SAIFUL ANUAR D20101037510
NUR SYAKHILA BINTI ZAHARI D20101037423
NUR HAYATI BINTI YUSOFF D20101037419
NORFARRAHDILAH BINTI AMIR D20101037438
3. ..About the article..
• Almost naked and decomposed body of a young Asian women was found
hidden in a suitcase.
• She had been suffocated.
• Her name was Hyo Jung Jin, 21 years old and was studying French at the
University of Lyon.
• She did not return to university in October after a trip to London.
• The police linked Hyo Jung Jin’s death to that of In Hea Song, whose
almost naked body was found in a cupboard in a house in East London.
• The house that being visited by Hyo Jung Jin and the body of In Hea Song
founded belong to the same landlord.
• Tape used by the murder to bind around Hyo Jung Jin face and body was
the same tape found out at Kyo Soo Kim’s house and has Kyo Soo Kim’s
blood found on it.
4. • Matched blue paint from a bedroom and paint at the suitcase
hiding Hyo Jung Jin’ body.
• Blood found at all over Kyo Soo Kim’s room.
• Mobile phone recorded trace Kim Soo Kim at the same place
as the Hyo Jung Jin’s body dump.
• Toronto : orange paint found on the t-shirt and the tape used
around In Hea Song’s wrist.
• Further DNA test confirmed that both body found in the same
cupboard.
5. ..Idea..
• The murder is the same person because the way of the
murderer look similar.
• Kyo Soo Kim is a suspect.
• Further evidence founded support the assumption that
the suspect is the murder.
• The polices investigate more further.
6. ..Learning Issues..
• How the investigator can relate both murder cases to each
other?
• What is the process needed to be used by using DNA in order
to identify the body?
• What are the evidences can be related between Kyo Soo Kim
and the murderer?
7. ..Technique to process evidence..
Paint Analysis
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Gel electrophoresis
8. Paint Analysis
• A specialized technique called pyrolysis gas chromatography might
be used to determine its composition.
• Pyrolysis involves heating the sample until it turns into a vapor.
• This is then injected into a gas chromatograph that separates the
components.
• These can be identified by molecular weight using mass
spectrometry, which creates a chemical fingerprint that can be
compared to reference samples.
9. Polymerase Chain Reaction
• With PCR, any specific segment one target sequence within a
DNA sample can be copied many times (amplified)
completely in vitro.
• Require double-stranded DNA containing the target
sequence, a heat- resistant DNA polymerase, all four
nucleotide two 15 to 20-nucleotide DNA strand that serve as
primers. One primer is complementary to one end of the
target sequence on one trand, the second primer is
complementary to the other end of the sequence on the
other strand.
10. • First step is denaturation : the reaction mixture is heated to
denature ( separate ) the DNA strands.
• Second, coal to allow primers to form hydrogen bonds with
ends of target sequence.
• Then, extension DNA polymerase add nucleotide to 3’end of
each primer.
• Repeat the PCR.
11. Gel electrophoresis
• Gel electrophoresis is used for separating nucleic acid or
protein that differ in size, electrical charge or other physical
properties.
• DNA molecules are separated by gel electrophoresis in
restriction fragment analysis of both cloned gene and genomic
DNA.
• Technique : gel electrophoresis separate macromolecule on the
basis of their rate of movement through a polymeric gel in an
electric field.
• Each sample, a mixture of DNA molecule is placed in a separate
well near one end of a thin slab of gel. The gel is set into a
small plastic support and immersed in an aqueous solution in a
tray with electrode at each end.
12. • When the current is turned on, the negatively charged DNA
molecule move toward the positive electrode with shorter
molecule moving faster than longer one.
• Bands are shown here in blue but on an actual gel, the bands
would not be visible at this time.
• The blue paint from the bedroom at Kyo Soo Kim house
matched to the blue paint on the suitcase Hyo Jung Jin’s body
was found.
13. Conclusion
• During the investigation, all the evidence
pointed to the suspect, Kyo Soo Kim.
• So, in 2003, the judge found Kyo Soo Kim guilty
for the two murders and gave him a life
sentence.