This is the slideshow of the presentation held at 3d International Meeting on Sono-Elastography in Pavia on Oct. 1st 2013 concerning both elastography of the testis and general considerations on elastography.
Queste sono le slides presentate al Terzo Meeting Internazionale di Sonoelastografia tenutosi a Pavia il 01/10/2013.
Vengono trattati sia l'elastografia del testicolo che gli aspetti più generali dell'elastografia con le sue prospettive di sviluppo.
This document discusses various methods for assessing liver fibrosis, including serum biomarkers and imaging techniques like elastography. It provides details on transient elastography (FibroScan), point shear wave elastography, and shear wave elastography. Transient elastography applies external vibration to generate shear waves while shear wave elastography uses acoustic radiation force. Measurements of shear wave speed allow calculation of liver stiffness as an indicator of fibrosis. Validation criteria and guidelines for elastography performance are also outlined.
1) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the global population and up to 30% of people in developed countries. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 10-30% of cases.
2) Liver biopsy is currently the reference standard for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis but has limitations including being invasive and having sampling variability.
3) Shearwave elastography is a non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis by using ultrasound pulses to generate and measure shear wave propagation speeds, which are directly related to tissue stiffness. Faster shear wave speeds indicate more severe fibrosis.
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and measuring how tissues deform. Hard tissues appear stiffer on elastograms. Elastography has many medical applications including differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions, assessing liver fibrosis, and evaluating prostate lesions. Shear wave elastography provides quantitative stiffness measurements and is the most accurate method. While useful, elastography has limitations such as difficulty imaging large or painful lesions and certain anatomical areas. Overall, elastography provides important clinical information about tissue composition when used along with other imaging tests.
This document discusses elastography, a new method for quantitatively measuring tissue elasticity using ultrasound. Elastography can provide information about tissue properties that overcome limitations of conventional sonography. It has applications in imaging breast tissue, prostate, liver lesions, and detecting vulnerable plaque. Radiofrequency analysis of ultrasound signals may help characterize plaque components compared to conventional IVUS. Higher frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy around 40-60MHz can provide resolution of 50um needed to image thin vessel layers.
This document discusses elastography, a new method for quantitatively measuring tissue elasticity using ultrasound. Elastography can provide information about tissue properties that overcome limitations of conventional sonography. It has applications in imaging breast tissue, prostate, liver lesions, and detecting vulnerable plaque. Radiofrequency analysis of ultrasound signals may help characterize plaque components compared to conventional IVUS. Higher frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy around 40-60MHz can provide resolution of 50um needed to image thin vessel layers.
Thermo-Elastography is a new method using ultrasound to quantitatively measure tissue elasticity. Elastography works by measuring tissue displacement after compression to estimate strain, with higher strain indicating softer tissue. Several applications are discussed, including detecting breast and prostate cancers, monitoring HIFU therapy, and evaluating arteries. Limitations include difficulty distinguishing tissue types by ultrasound alone. New techniques like intravascular elastography using arterial pulsation or balloons aim to characterize plaque vulnerability for guiding interventions. Overall, elastography provides complementary information to conventional ultrasound for visualizing tissue mechanical properties.
Clínica Rementería | http://www.cirugiaocular.com
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORNEAL THICKNESS MEASURES BY ULTRASOUND PACHYMETRY, CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Trabajo presentado en la pasada edición del OPTOM Meeting Malaga 2013 por Sara Fernandez Cuenca.
About Shearwave Elastography of Liver. The presentation was done at IRIA Kerala Midterm 2018 at Kochi. Divided into 4 parts : Physics , Pathology ,How to do , Cases
This document discusses various methods for assessing liver fibrosis, including serum biomarkers and imaging techniques like elastography. It provides details on transient elastography (FibroScan), point shear wave elastography, and shear wave elastography. Transient elastography applies external vibration to generate shear waves while shear wave elastography uses acoustic radiation force. Measurements of shear wave speed allow calculation of liver stiffness as an indicator of fibrosis. Validation criteria and guidelines for elastography performance are also outlined.
1) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the global population and up to 30% of people in developed countries. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 10-30% of cases.
2) Liver biopsy is currently the reference standard for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis but has limitations including being invasive and having sampling variability.
3) Shearwave elastography is a non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis by using ultrasound pulses to generate and measure shear wave propagation speeds, which are directly related to tissue stiffness. Faster shear wave speeds indicate more severe fibrosis.
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and measuring how tissues deform. Hard tissues appear stiffer on elastograms. Elastography has many medical applications including differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions, assessing liver fibrosis, and evaluating prostate lesions. Shear wave elastography provides quantitative stiffness measurements and is the most accurate method. While useful, elastography has limitations such as difficulty imaging large or painful lesions and certain anatomical areas. Overall, elastography provides important clinical information about tissue composition when used along with other imaging tests.
This document discusses elastography, a new method for quantitatively measuring tissue elasticity using ultrasound. Elastography can provide information about tissue properties that overcome limitations of conventional sonography. It has applications in imaging breast tissue, prostate, liver lesions, and detecting vulnerable plaque. Radiofrequency analysis of ultrasound signals may help characterize plaque components compared to conventional IVUS. Higher frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy around 40-60MHz can provide resolution of 50um needed to image thin vessel layers.
This document discusses elastography, a new method for quantitatively measuring tissue elasticity using ultrasound. Elastography can provide information about tissue properties that overcome limitations of conventional sonography. It has applications in imaging breast tissue, prostate, liver lesions, and detecting vulnerable plaque. Radiofrequency analysis of ultrasound signals may help characterize plaque components compared to conventional IVUS. Higher frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy around 40-60MHz can provide resolution of 50um needed to image thin vessel layers.
Thermo-Elastography is a new method using ultrasound to quantitatively measure tissue elasticity. Elastography works by measuring tissue displacement after compression to estimate strain, with higher strain indicating softer tissue. Several applications are discussed, including detecting breast and prostate cancers, monitoring HIFU therapy, and evaluating arteries. Limitations include difficulty distinguishing tissue types by ultrasound alone. New techniques like intravascular elastography using arterial pulsation or balloons aim to characterize plaque vulnerability for guiding interventions. Overall, elastography provides complementary information to conventional ultrasound for visualizing tissue mechanical properties.
Clínica Rementería | http://www.cirugiaocular.com
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORNEAL THICKNESS MEASURES BY ULTRASOUND PACHYMETRY, CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY AND ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Trabajo presentado en la pasada edición del OPTOM Meeting Malaga 2013 por Sara Fernandez Cuenca.
About Shearwave Elastography of Liver. The presentation was done at IRIA Kerala Midterm 2018 at Kochi. Divided into 4 parts : Physics , Pathology ,How to do , Cases
presentation on ultrasound elastography-introduction ,techniques,physics,application, interpretation and future prospects.sourced from multiple articles.
Ultrasound elastography is a relatively advanced technique used to know the stiffness of the tissue. It is a non-invasive technique. Broadly classified into Quasistatic and Dynamic elastography.
This document provides an overview of elastography, a medical imaging technique that detects differences in tissue stiffness. It discusses various elastography methods including quasi-static ultrasound elastography, which images strain from externally applied stress, and dynamic methods like transient elastography that image shear waves to quantify tissue stiffness. The document outlines early developments in elastography research and commercial applications, limitations of different techniques, and potential future advances.
This document provides an overview of elastography, a medical imaging technique that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of tissues. It discusses various elastography methods including quasi-static ultrasound elastography, dynamic ultrasound elastography using shear waves, and magnetic resonance elastography. For dynamic ultrasound elastography, it describes techniques such as transient elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, supersonic shear imaging, and vibro-acoustography. It also discusses the basic principles of elasticity, generation and measurement of shear waves, and quantitative analysis of tissue stiffness from shear wave propagation speeds.
A 50-year-old woman felt a slightly painful nodule in her left breast. Comparison of mammograms from 1 year and 2 months ago showed an increase in density and volume of the nodule. Ultrasound, MRI and shear wave elastography of the breast and axilla revealed a 3 cm cancer close to the pectoral fascia and metastatic involvement of at least two axillary lymph nodes. High breast density can obscure cancers on mammography. Multiple modalities including ultrasound and MRI may be needed for screening in dense breasts. Shear wave elastography provides information on size and stiffness of cancers and lymph nodes beyond conventional ultrasound.
This study evaluated the use of shear wave elastography (SWE) to characterize 30 focal liver lesions in 26 patients. SWE was able to quantify the stiffness of lesions in kilopascals. There was a significant difference in stiffness between malignant (hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases) and benign (hemangioma and focal fatty infiltration) lesions. SWE values helped differentiate lesion types and aided diagnosis, which was confirmed with CT or biopsy. SWE shows potential as a non-invasive technique for focal liver lesion characterization.
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and tracking how tissues deform. Stiffer tissues will deform less than softer tissues. There are different elastography techniques that vary by how tissue excitation is achieved and measured. Elastography provides objective quantification of tissue stiffness and has applications in imaging the breast, thyroid, prostate, liver and lymph nodes to help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. It provides quantitative measurements of tissue elasticity in kilopascals and qualitative color maps of relative stiffness.
Physicians have used palpation to detect differences in tissue stiffness as an aid to diagnosis based on the fact that the mechanical properties of tissues are often dramatically affected by the presence of disease processes such as cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Elastography depends on the same differences in mechanical properties between healthy and abnormal tissues using imaging to detect these differences at depths not reachable by manual palpation and presents data in color-coded display, can be performed with ultrasound, using manual pressure or low frequency sonic waves, or by MR Elastography imaging.
Mammography -A ppt bt J K PATIL, Prof,dept of radiologydypradio
Mammography uses low-dose x-rays to image the breast and detect cancers. Key aspects include using a molybdenum target and filter to produce low-energy x-rays for high soft tissue contrast. Breast compression is important to reduce scatter and motion, separate tissues, and highlight rigid masses. Views include craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique to image the entire breast. Digital mammography systems like computed radiography and direct detectors directly convert x-rays to digital images, improving contrast and allowing post-processing.
This document discusses recent advances in gastrointestinal diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. It describes various endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as the BRAVO capsule, multi-channel intraluminal impedance (MII), and endoscopic therapies including Endocinch, Stretta, Enteryx, and Gate Keeper. New imaging modalities for small and large bowel are also discussed, including capsule endoscopy, magnetic colonoscopy imaging, and CT colonography. Techniques for screening early gastrointestinal malignancies using interface endoscopy technologies like magnification chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography are also summarized.
ADVANCED IMAGING MODALITIES IN ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL BY DR. ADHIRAJ GHOSH SURGERYCheerantan Maity
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on advanced imaging modalities in maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the history and evolution of imaging from conventional radiography in the 1800s to current 3D imaging techniques. Specific modalities covered include sialography, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, angiography, computed tomography, and cone-beam CT. Clinical applications for diagnosing conditions like infections, fractures, and lymph node metastasis are presented. The document provides detailed information on several important imaging techniques used in maxillofacial surgery.
This document provides information about Prof. Narendra Malhotra's qualifications and experience. It lists that he holds positions such as Professor at Dubrovnick International University, Vice President of WAPM, past president of ISAR, president of other organizations. It notes that he has published over 50 papers and given over 100 guest lectures. He is the editor of 18 books and on the editorial board of several journals. The document also provides information about Malhotra Nursing & Maternity Home Pvt. Ltd. and Global Rainbow Health Care in Agra where he practices as an obstetrician gynecologist with interests in areas like high risk obstetrics, ultrasound, and infertility.
3D Position Tracking System for Flexible CystoscopyCSCJournals
Flexible cystoscopy is an examination that allows physicians to look inside the bladder. In flexible cystoscopy, beginner physicians tend to lose track of the observation due to complex handling patterns of a flexible cystoscope and poor characteristics of the bladder. In this paper, as a diagnostic support tool for beginner physicians in flexible cystoscopy, we propose a system for tracking the observation using cystoscopic images. Our system discriminates three handling patterns of a flexible cystoscope, namely bending, rotation, or insertion. To discriminate the handling patterns accurately, we propose to use the degree of bending, rotation, or insertion as features for the discrimination as well as ZNCC-based optical flows. These features are learned by a Random Forest classifier. The classifier discriminates sequential handling patterns of the cystoscope by a time-series analysis. Experimental results on ten videos obtained in flexible cystoscopy show that each of the three handling patterns were correctly discriminated over 90% in average. In addition, we reproduced the observation in a virtual bladder we propose.
This document provides an overview of ultrasound elastography (USE), a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound to assess tissue stiffness. It describes the basic physics of elastography including stress, strain, elastic modulus, and wave propagation models. It also summarizes the main USE techniques of strain imaging and shear wave imaging. Strain imaging measures tissue displacement under an applied force to estimate stiffness, while shear wave imaging directly measures shear wave speed propagation through tissue. The document reviews the principles, excitation methods, measurements, and clinical applications of USE techniques in evaluating organs like the liver, breast, thyroid, prostate, kidneys, and lymph nodes.
Castera du pitie 17 janvier 2012 selectionodeckmyn
This document summarizes alternative non-invasive methods for measuring liver fibrosis, specifically liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (FibroScan). It describes the principles of LSM, its diagnostic performance in viral hepatitis, comparisons to biomarkers, and its ability to monitor fibrosis progression over time. LSM using FibroScan provides a rapid, non-invasive measure of liver stiffness that has good diagnostic accuracy for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in viral hepatitis, with area under the ROC curves of 0.80-0.94. Its performance is similar to serum biomarkers and it can help monitor changes in fibrosis stage over time.
In this presentation dr. Masciotra shows how the speed of sound selection in US imaging does change the informations of US data, both qualitative (morphology, echogenicity, spatial and contrast resolution) and quantitative (density of vessels, stiffness map) of the tissues examined.
In questa presentazione il dr. Masciotra analizza sulle immagini di casi clinici gli effetti della scelta della velocità del suono sulla qualità delle informazioni dei dati ecografici.
Come si può vedere il parametro della velocità del suono condiziona in maniera sensibile le informazioni sia qualitative (morfologia, ecostruttura, risoluzione spaziale e di contrasto) che quantitative (densità dei vasi e proprietà meccaniche come l'elasticità) dei tessuti esaminati.
OCE operates on the principle that the mechanical properties of tissues, such as elasticity and stiffness, influence the propagation of mechanical waves within them. These mechanical waves can be induced by external stimuli, such as acoustic radiation or direct mechanical deformation, and their propagation can be monitored using OCT.
When a tissue is subjected to mechanical stress or compression, it undergoes deformation, and this deformation affects the speed and amplitude of the propagating waves. By analyzing the changes in the properties of these waves, OCE can provide quantitative measures of tissue stiffness and elasticity.
A new Ultrasound modality Elastography.pptThoi Pham
This document discusses a new ultrasound modality called elastography, which measures the stiffness of tissues. Elastography was developed to provide quantitative measurements of tissue elasticity, building on the ancient medical practice of palpation. Various methods are described, including static elastography using manual compression, shear wave elastography using focused ultrasound pulses, and potential applications in breast, thyroid, liver and prostate imaging. The document calls for including elastography data in DICOM to allow storage and sharing of these images and quantitative measurements as the technique gains clinical use.
A 50-year-old woman undergoing an abdominal ultrasound for breast cancer staging was found to have a renal mass. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed features consistent with renal angiomyolipoma. Biopsy of the mass showed the classic microscopic pathology of angiomyolipoma, with myoid cells and mature fat tissue surrounding large vessels. Elastography found the mean stiffness of the angiomyolipoma to be similar to renal cortex but less than the renal medulla.
Dr. masciotra sonoelastography and us in the diagnosis of small thyroid pap...antonio pio masciotra
Three small thyroid papillary cancers were detected in two asymptomatic women. Shear wave elastography proved reliable in identifying stiff nodules, correctly characterizing the single benign nodule as soft. While papillary cancers are usually stiff, follicular cancers can be soft. Small nodules can be cancerous, while large nodules may be benign. Ultrasonography offers multiple parameters including stiffness, standard deviation, and elasticity ratios, providing a multiparametric approach rather than relying on a single mode.
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Similar to Pavia 2013 dr. masciotra sonoelastography of the testis
presentation on ultrasound elastography-introduction ,techniques,physics,application, interpretation and future prospects.sourced from multiple articles.
Ultrasound elastography is a relatively advanced technique used to know the stiffness of the tissue. It is a non-invasive technique. Broadly classified into Quasistatic and Dynamic elastography.
This document provides an overview of elastography, a medical imaging technique that detects differences in tissue stiffness. It discusses various elastography methods including quasi-static ultrasound elastography, which images strain from externally applied stress, and dynamic methods like transient elastography that image shear waves to quantify tissue stiffness. The document outlines early developments in elastography research and commercial applications, limitations of different techniques, and potential future advances.
This document provides an overview of elastography, a medical imaging technique that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of tissues. It discusses various elastography methods including quasi-static ultrasound elastography, dynamic ultrasound elastography using shear waves, and magnetic resonance elastography. For dynamic ultrasound elastography, it describes techniques such as transient elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, supersonic shear imaging, and vibro-acoustography. It also discusses the basic principles of elasticity, generation and measurement of shear waves, and quantitative analysis of tissue stiffness from shear wave propagation speeds.
A 50-year-old woman felt a slightly painful nodule in her left breast. Comparison of mammograms from 1 year and 2 months ago showed an increase in density and volume of the nodule. Ultrasound, MRI and shear wave elastography of the breast and axilla revealed a 3 cm cancer close to the pectoral fascia and metastatic involvement of at least two axillary lymph nodes. High breast density can obscure cancers on mammography. Multiple modalities including ultrasound and MRI may be needed for screening in dense breasts. Shear wave elastography provides information on size and stiffness of cancers and lymph nodes beyond conventional ultrasound.
This study evaluated the use of shear wave elastography (SWE) to characterize 30 focal liver lesions in 26 patients. SWE was able to quantify the stiffness of lesions in kilopascals. There was a significant difference in stiffness between malignant (hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases) and benign (hemangioma and focal fatty infiltration) lesions. SWE values helped differentiate lesion types and aided diagnosis, which was confirmed with CT or biopsy. SWE shows potential as a non-invasive technique for focal liver lesion characterization.
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and tracking how tissues deform. Stiffer tissues will deform less than softer tissues. There are different elastography techniques that vary by how tissue excitation is achieved and measured. Elastography provides objective quantification of tissue stiffness and has applications in imaging the breast, thyroid, prostate, liver and lymph nodes to help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. It provides quantitative measurements of tissue elasticity in kilopascals and qualitative color maps of relative stiffness.
Physicians have used palpation to detect differences in tissue stiffness as an aid to diagnosis based on the fact that the mechanical properties of tissues are often dramatically affected by the presence of disease processes such as cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Elastography depends on the same differences in mechanical properties between healthy and abnormal tissues using imaging to detect these differences at depths not reachable by manual palpation and presents data in color-coded display, can be performed with ultrasound, using manual pressure or low frequency sonic waves, or by MR Elastography imaging.
Mammography -A ppt bt J K PATIL, Prof,dept of radiologydypradio
Mammography uses low-dose x-rays to image the breast and detect cancers. Key aspects include using a molybdenum target and filter to produce low-energy x-rays for high soft tissue contrast. Breast compression is important to reduce scatter and motion, separate tissues, and highlight rigid masses. Views include craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique to image the entire breast. Digital mammography systems like computed radiography and direct detectors directly convert x-rays to digital images, improving contrast and allowing post-processing.
This document discusses recent advances in gastrointestinal diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. It describes various endoscopic techniques for diagnosing and treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as the BRAVO capsule, multi-channel intraluminal impedance (MII), and endoscopic therapies including Endocinch, Stretta, Enteryx, and Gate Keeper. New imaging modalities for small and large bowel are also discussed, including capsule endoscopy, magnetic colonoscopy imaging, and CT colonography. Techniques for screening early gastrointestinal malignancies using interface endoscopy technologies like magnification chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography are also summarized.
ADVANCED IMAGING MODALITIES IN ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL BY DR. ADHIRAJ GHOSH SURGERYCheerantan Maity
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on advanced imaging modalities in maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the history and evolution of imaging from conventional radiography in the 1800s to current 3D imaging techniques. Specific modalities covered include sialography, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, angiography, computed tomography, and cone-beam CT. Clinical applications for diagnosing conditions like infections, fractures, and lymph node metastasis are presented. The document provides detailed information on several important imaging techniques used in maxillofacial surgery.
This document provides information about Prof. Narendra Malhotra's qualifications and experience. It lists that he holds positions such as Professor at Dubrovnick International University, Vice President of WAPM, past president of ISAR, president of other organizations. It notes that he has published over 50 papers and given over 100 guest lectures. He is the editor of 18 books and on the editorial board of several journals. The document also provides information about Malhotra Nursing & Maternity Home Pvt. Ltd. and Global Rainbow Health Care in Agra where he practices as an obstetrician gynecologist with interests in areas like high risk obstetrics, ultrasound, and infertility.
3D Position Tracking System for Flexible CystoscopyCSCJournals
Flexible cystoscopy is an examination that allows physicians to look inside the bladder. In flexible cystoscopy, beginner physicians tend to lose track of the observation due to complex handling patterns of a flexible cystoscope and poor characteristics of the bladder. In this paper, as a diagnostic support tool for beginner physicians in flexible cystoscopy, we propose a system for tracking the observation using cystoscopic images. Our system discriminates three handling patterns of a flexible cystoscope, namely bending, rotation, or insertion. To discriminate the handling patterns accurately, we propose to use the degree of bending, rotation, or insertion as features for the discrimination as well as ZNCC-based optical flows. These features are learned by a Random Forest classifier. The classifier discriminates sequential handling patterns of the cystoscope by a time-series analysis. Experimental results on ten videos obtained in flexible cystoscopy show that each of the three handling patterns were correctly discriminated over 90% in average. In addition, we reproduced the observation in a virtual bladder we propose.
This document provides an overview of ultrasound elastography (USE), a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound to assess tissue stiffness. It describes the basic physics of elastography including stress, strain, elastic modulus, and wave propagation models. It also summarizes the main USE techniques of strain imaging and shear wave imaging. Strain imaging measures tissue displacement under an applied force to estimate stiffness, while shear wave imaging directly measures shear wave speed propagation through tissue. The document reviews the principles, excitation methods, measurements, and clinical applications of USE techniques in evaluating organs like the liver, breast, thyroid, prostate, kidneys, and lymph nodes.
Castera du pitie 17 janvier 2012 selectionodeckmyn
This document summarizes alternative non-invasive methods for measuring liver fibrosis, specifically liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (FibroScan). It describes the principles of LSM, its diagnostic performance in viral hepatitis, comparisons to biomarkers, and its ability to monitor fibrosis progression over time. LSM using FibroScan provides a rapid, non-invasive measure of liver stiffness that has good diagnostic accuracy for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in viral hepatitis, with area under the ROC curves of 0.80-0.94. Its performance is similar to serum biomarkers and it can help monitor changes in fibrosis stage over time.
In this presentation dr. Masciotra shows how the speed of sound selection in US imaging does change the informations of US data, both qualitative (morphology, echogenicity, spatial and contrast resolution) and quantitative (density of vessels, stiffness map) of the tissues examined.
In questa presentazione il dr. Masciotra analizza sulle immagini di casi clinici gli effetti della scelta della velocità del suono sulla qualità delle informazioni dei dati ecografici.
Come si può vedere il parametro della velocità del suono condiziona in maniera sensibile le informazioni sia qualitative (morfologia, ecostruttura, risoluzione spaziale e di contrasto) che quantitative (densità dei vasi e proprietà meccaniche come l'elasticità) dei tessuti esaminati.
OCE operates on the principle that the mechanical properties of tissues, such as elasticity and stiffness, influence the propagation of mechanical waves within them. These mechanical waves can be induced by external stimuli, such as acoustic radiation or direct mechanical deformation, and their propagation can be monitored using OCT.
When a tissue is subjected to mechanical stress or compression, it undergoes deformation, and this deformation affects the speed and amplitude of the propagating waves. By analyzing the changes in the properties of these waves, OCE can provide quantitative measures of tissue stiffness and elasticity.
A new Ultrasound modality Elastography.pptThoi Pham
This document discusses a new ultrasound modality called elastography, which measures the stiffness of tissues. Elastography was developed to provide quantitative measurements of tissue elasticity, building on the ancient medical practice of palpation. Various methods are described, including static elastography using manual compression, shear wave elastography using focused ultrasound pulses, and potential applications in breast, thyroid, liver and prostate imaging. The document calls for including elastography data in DICOM to allow storage and sharing of these images and quantitative measurements as the technique gains clinical use.
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A 50-year-old woman undergoing an abdominal ultrasound for breast cancer staging was found to have a renal mass. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed features consistent with renal angiomyolipoma. Biopsy of the mass showed the classic microscopic pathology of angiomyolipoma, with myoid cells and mature fat tissue surrounding large vessels. Elastography found the mean stiffness of the angiomyolipoma to be similar to renal cortex but less than the renal medulla.
Dr. masciotra sonoelastography and us in the diagnosis of small thyroid pap...antonio pio masciotra
Three small thyroid papillary cancers were detected in two asymptomatic women. Shear wave elastography proved reliable in identifying stiff nodules, correctly characterizing the single benign nodule as soft. While papillary cancers are usually stiff, follicular cancers can be soft. Small nodules can be cancerous, while large nodules may be benign. Ultrasonography offers multiple parameters including stiffness, standard deviation, and elasticity ratios, providing a multiparametric approach rather than relying on a single mode.
Dr. masciotra new emerging tools in us technology in a case of thyroid fol...antonio pio masciotra
A 51-year-old woman underwent ultrasound examination of her thyroid which revealed two nodules - a mixed 25mm nodule in the right lobe and a solid 6mm nodule in the left lobe. Various ultrasound techniques were used to analyze the nodules, including color Doppler, power Doppler, and shear wave elastography. While TIRADS analysis only slightly differed between the nodules, shear wave elastography showed the right nodule to be significantly stiffer, correctly indicating it was a follicular carcinoma based on areas of capsular invasion. Advanced ultrasound tools like shear wave elastography provide important additional information beyond traditional ultrasound in evaluating thyroid nodules.
This document describes a case of intrahepatic cholelithiasis (gallstones within the liver) in a 29-year-old woman who had no symptoms. Ultrasound images showed multiple small (<1mm) hyperechoic foci distributed along the intrahepatic biliary tree in segments 6 and 7, consistent with lipid deposits. The distribution and appearance indicated it was not caused by air in the bile ducts. In young women, this condition can be caused by low phospholipid content in the bile due to genetic mutations affecting bile acid transport.
Dr. masciotra swe in a selection of primitive and secondary lymphnodes mali...antonio pio masciotra
This is a collection of clinical cases of primary and secondary lymphodes malignancies with analysis of the information that Shear Wave Elastography can add to diagnostic workup.
Dr. masciotra shear wave elastography and more in a clinical case of multip...antonio pio masciotra
This is the presentation of a clinical case of Multiple Myeloma with a thorough discussion on many aspects of the disease and on applications of Shear Wave Elastography.
Ultrasound gives today more informations both in morphology (through speed of sound optimisation and 3D acquisition) and in mechanical properties evaluations (it gives mean, maximum and minimum stiffness as well standard deviation in the ROI). Furthermore it's possible to draw freehand ROI, very useful to differentiate the tumor and the stiff surrounding stroma also in the C plane with 3D SWE. Here some clinical cases are presented.
Swe on breast cancer in dense breast with considerations on tnm stagingantonio pio masciotra
This case shows how dense breast can hinder cancer at mammography and the important role of US and SWE elastography in situation like this.
SWE could be the most reliable tool for the measurement of the 'T' parameter of TNM staging of breast cancer, especially if performed with 3D probe.
The document discusses shear wave propagation in different mediums like isotropic phantoms, the liver, and brain. It shows images from ultrasound and MR elastography experiments visualizing the propagation of shear waves through these tissues at different driving frequencies, as well as the resulting elastograms estimating tissue stiffness.
Carotid and vertebral arteries cd, pd, ultrafast doppler, cimt and pulsed wav...antonio pio masciotra
Ultrasound is currently the only mean to determine non-invasively:
•the elastic properties of the arterial wall material (Young's elastic modulus)
•the relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) and elastic properties or the influence of inward or outward remodeling on arterial distensibility.
Here you find also a demonstration of UltraFast doppler technology in the study of the carotids and vertebral arteries.
UltraFast doppler acquisition lasts only a few seconds and then in postprocessing it is possible to do spectral analysis in up to 3 different vessels (or 3 different sites in the same vessel).
It automatically identifies the frames with :
1) Maximum velocities
2) Mean velocities
3) Peak sistolic velocity.
It's very fast and reliable.
1) A 74-year-old woman underwent an unenhanced CT scan of the chest for cough and dyspnea that incidentally found a 3 cm solid mass in her right breast. Further imaging with mammography, ultrasound, and shear wave elastography provided details of the mass's irregular margins, infiltrating growth, and stiff mechanical properties.
2) A follow-up CT scan with contrast found the mass had a contrast enhancement pattern between Type 1 and Type 2 curves on MR, which is not highly indicative of malignancy based on kinetics. Density increments were also relatively low.
3) The CT scan also incidentally found endometrial cancer, and total body CT was done for staging. Incidental breast
The document discusses liver shear wave elastography and presents several clinical cases. It provides a table comparing the liver fibrosis classification using liver biopsy and Metavir scores to the corresponding ranges measured by shear wave elastography in kilopascals and meters/second. Several images show shear wave elastography measurements of livers with conditions like steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The document demonstrates using shear wave elastography to evaluate liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C at different stages of disease.
This document discusses the use of breast and thyroid sonoelastography and shear wave elastography in evaluating various clinical cases. It presents case studies demonstrating how elastography can help characterize nodules, cysts, lymph nodes and tissue changes after radiation therapy. Quantitative shear wave elastography provides stiffness measurements that can help differentiate benign from malignant lesions and identify tissue abnormalities. The goal of elastography is to correctly quantify tissue elasticity and identify elasticity cut-off values to aid the diagnostic evaluation of diffuse and focal diseases.
This presentation was held by dr. Antonio Pio Masciotra - italian radiologist - on Novembre 2012 at Prato.
It concerns about neoplastic tissue's elasticity and breast elastography.
The document discusses the transition from morphological imaging to physiopathological imaging. It notes that in ancient Egypt, hard masses in the body were linked to disease, and in Hippocratic medicine, palpation was an essential part of examination. It states that in the 21st century, remote palpation through elastographic imaging is becoming a reality. The document also provides examples of elasticity imaging techniques for breast lesions and lymph nodes and discusses aims of quantifying tissue elasticity and identifying disease states.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
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Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Pavia 2013 dr. masciotra sonoelastography of the testis
1.
2. PRESENTATION
The general experience with Sono-Elastography is growing with time, thus we have built the
meeting as an occasion to share current knowledge and advances in this field.
Sono-Elastography adds valuable information to the study of all organs, potentially resulting in
“a virtual biopsy”. Because different elastographic modalities are available, our aim is also to
help understanding which one is best suited for any given indication and which information
can be obtained when using it.
The Scientific Committee
Fabrizio Calliada,
Mario Canepari,
Giovanna Ferraioli,
Carlo Filice
3. Sonoelastography of the testis
Antonio Pio Masciotra
Campobasso – Molise – Italy
Email
antoniomasciotra@yahoo.it
Website
www.masciotra.net
YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/
UCgCj21nKGAhR997Ia3-QegQ
4. EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on clinical use of US Elastography
takes only five lines to pursue the testis issue, then limited to a very rare tumor.
Instead I’ll try to describe the use of US elastography in the most prevalent
diseases of the testis highlighting its distinctive contribution to their clinical
workup.
5. Topics in clinical use of Sonoelastography
in non neoplastic diseases of the testis
dr. Antonio Pio Masciotra
Campobasso- Molise - Italy
6. The social impact of the diseases of the testis in Italy
New cases/Year
Cryptorchidism
5 Years survival
2.100
1/222
>95%
New cases/Year
Tumors
Relative death risk
Risk of infertility
Odd ratio for test. cancer
15.000 (2-8%)
>25%
3,5-17
New cases/Year Prevalence in males Preval. in infertile males
Varicocele
52.000
15-20%
40%
7. Testis disease clinical case
Undescended testis
Man 35 years old
Left testis undescended at birth
Left orchiopexy at age of 14 years
Then infertility
9. Key points and take home messages
The left testis previously undescended and operated too
late shows loss of volume and inhomhogeneous texture
These alterations correspond to increased stiffness
(Left 5,0 kPa Vs Right 2,2 Kpa) and the patient is infertile
Final consideration and Question
Could SW Elastography with its tissue stiffness
quantification be used as a reliable indicator of tissue
viability and functionality in the undescended testis to
choose the optimal timing of orchiopexy?
10. Testis disease clinical case
Varicocele
Man 25 years old
Normally descended testes at birth
Three years before operated for left testis torsion
ten hours after the beginning of the symptoms
Preserved fertility
(2.5 years after the operation he had a baby!)
13. Right testis Mean Stiffness 3.0 kPa
Left testis Mean Stiffness 2.2 kPa
14. Key points and take home messages
The left testis shows loss of volume, scant vessels and
inhomhogeneous texture as consequences both
of previoius torsion and of varicocele
Despite these alterations, it preserves normal stiffness
(left 2.2 kPa Vs Right 3.0 Kpa) and the patient is still
fertile
Final consideration and Question
Could SW Elastography with its tissue stiffness
quantification be used as a reliable indicator of tissue
viability and functionality at least in the varicocele to
identify the cases to be treated usefully?
15. New topics in clinical use of Sonoelastography
in non neoplastic diseases of the testis
It could be useful to explore its utility in :
1) predicting if varicocele will have
favourable response to treatment
2) predicting if and how much the testis
can 'rescue' after treatment.
3) guiding the best timing in the surgery of
undescended or ascensus-retractile testes.
Personal comment : I've the impression that orchiopexy had to be done
between 10 months and 2 years of age, without
the delay induced by hormonal therapy, too
often unsuccessfull or not resolutive
(efficacy <20%).
16. Sonoelastography of the testis………….
and more………..
Antonio Pio Masciotra
Campobasso – Molise – Italy
Email
antoniomasciotra@yahoo.it
Website
www.masciotra.net
YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/
UCgCj21nKGAhR997Ia3-QegQ
17.
18. The testis both at B scan and at strain elastography shows an almost uniform pattern,
with septa remaining not distinguishable.
19. Shear Wave elastography, instead, for the first time does show the septa
originating from the albuginea.
20. Then Shear Wave Elastography adds details in the representation
of the anatomy of the testis highlighting the septa………….
….. like nightvision tools highlight objects and living beings
otherwise hidden in the dark.
21. The optimal highlighting and perception of the stiffness differences in an organ or
tissue at Shear Wave Elastography depend on the dynamic scale used………….
•Probe : 10-2 MHz
• Lower contrast
Dinamic scale
0-50 kPa
• Probe : 10-2 MHz
• Higher contrast
Dinamic scale
0-20 kPa
………. like in CT scan the optimal visualization of the kidney or of the peritoneal fat
depends on the setting of the window (width and center on HU scale)
22. Equivalent highlighting and perception of the stiffness differences in an organ or
tissue at Shear Wave Elastography using different frequencies probes require the
adoption of different widths on the dynamic scale
•Probe : 10-2 MHz
Dinamic scale
0-30 kPa
• Probe : 15-4 MHz
Dinamic scale
0-50 kPa
Very narrow Dinamic scale (0-10 kPa) well highlights that the ‘mirror artifact’
is possible also in Shear Wave Elastography
23. Optimization of SWE™ map
Resolution mode is for shallow and/or well
circumscribed lesions.
Excellent axial resolution and less persistence
is applied.
Improves clearing of fluid-filled lesion.
Standard default setting, to be used for
evaluation of the elasticity within the ROI.
More persistence is applied to create a
smoother appearance.
Penetration mode for deep, and/or large,
and/or anechoic or hypoechoic lesions with
posterior dropout.
Improves penetration at the cost of axial
resolution.
24. 28
Opacity
Its adjustment from 0 to 100% gives more and more priority to the SWE
map over the B-Mode image highlighting different features of focal lesions
like in this case of breast cancer
• High transparence
• Low transparence
Better visualization of the boundaries between the
lesion and the surrounding tissues
Better visualization of the core of the focal lesion
25. In imaging it's like in every day's life.
If you need to know the details of an object you can rely on the information given by different tools :
1) your eyes tell you its morphology and the colors
2) your hand tells you its consistence, the characteristics of its surface and very
approximately the temperature, weight and lenght
3) your tongue tells you its taste, but also its consistence, the characteristics of its
surface and its temperature
4) your nose tells you its smell.
So is in imaging.
Each modality and technique give us different kind of information.
Then you can have different grades of accuracy using different kind of the same tool.
In example, if you need to know the weight of a pen of 16 g you can use different libras with
different scales :
a) the libra in scale of kgs is not useful cause the pen's weight is less than 1 kg
b) the libra in scale of decigrams (more precise than the former) tells you that its weight is between
10 and 20 grams
c) the libra in scale of grams gives you the precise weight : 16 gr.!
Then you can use different unit of measurement for the same characteristic :
1) grams or pounds for the weight
2) cm or inches for the lenght
3) Centigrades or Kelvin or Fahrenheit grades for temperature
26. In Shear Wave Sonoelastography you can use two different units of measurement
for the same feature (elasticity) :
kPa and m/s
In fact elasticity (E in kPa) and shear wave propagation speed (c) are directly linked
through the simple formula:
E = 3ρc²
Where ρ is the density of tissue expressed in kg/m3
The density of tissue remains relatively constant in the body, i.e. very close to the density of water
(1000 kg/m3 +/- 8%) .
Therefore, since the density of tissues is well known (~ 1), if
the shear wave propagation velocity c can be measured, the
elasticity of the tissue can be determined.
27. Display forms of the units of measurement of elasticity (or stiffness)
28. On the SWE image are displayed different information on elasticity
(or stiffness) quantification for each ROI selected in the colored box:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mean value in kPa or m/s (mean elasticity or stiffness)
Minimum value in kPa or m/s (softest)
Maximum value in kPa or m/s (stiffest)
Standard deviation in kPa or m/s (its an index of more or less homogeneity)
Elasticity ratio (if are selected 2 ROIs) < or > than 1
Diameter of the ROI selected in mm
• Bidimensional
• 3D
29. But while the quantification of the feature ‘Weight’ of the testis with different libras
gives the same value……........
• 16 g with electronic libra
• 16 g with mechanical libra
………..The quantification of the feature ‘Stiffness’ of the testis with probes of
different frequencies gives very different values and…………….
• 1.7 kPa with Probe 10-2 MHz
• 3,3 kPa with Probe 15-4 MHz
30. …….even the quantification of the feature ‘Stiffness’ in this study of the breast
with the same probe can give very different values, but with costant SW ratio’s values
Fat 19.9 kPa
Lipoma 20.5 kPa SW Ratio 1.03
Time 10:07:09
Fat 8.0 kPa
Lipoma 7.8 kPa
Time 10:07:34
SW Ratio 1.03
31. CONCLUSIONS
Sono-Elastography adds valuable information to the study of all organs, potentially resulting in “a
virtual biopsy” .
This final aim will be achieved when further improvement of Shear Wave Elastography technology
(the only actually capable to quantify elasticity or stiffness) will give us the right consistency of the
quantitative measurements of tissue elasticity that up todate is still lacking.
Hence the RSNA initiative of ‘Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance’ applied to
Sono-Elastography too.
This means that if the intrinsic elasticity of the testis is 2 kPa all the measurements have to give this
value, not depending on the probe’s frequency or on other variables.
When this requirement will be accomplished we’ll can really establish the cutoff value between
normal and abnormal tissues both in focal and in diffuse diseases.
Therefore we’ll can rely on it at same extent we actually rely on the use a thermometer to check
the behavior of the fever during an infection (if it’s responding to the treatment).
Then let’s go on!
Lessons need to be drawn from two great men of the past who had the
vision to preparing for the future.
32. Galileo Galilei
"Any problem that wants
to be solved
starts with curiosity."
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
"Knowing is not enough,
we must apply.
Willing is not enough,
we must do."
33. Sonoelastography of the testis………….
and more………..
Antonio Pio
Masciotra
Campobasso – Molise – Italy
Email
antoniomasciotra@yahoo.it
Website
www.masciotra.net
YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/ch
annel/UCgCj21nKGAhR997I
a3-QegQ