patterns of paragraph development

2. Example
It was late spring the last time we saw
Ross. He was standing at the edge of the hill,
and he never so much as looked up even
though we were sure he knew we were there.
There was a bunch of flowers clutched to his
fist, but there really was no reason for him to
be standing there. We knew that Carrie wasn't
coming to see him. But he stood there anyway,
waiting, even as the afternoon sunlight
deepened towards the evening. He must have
been standing there for hours.

3. 1.2. Way of Narration
- refers to how the writer presents the
story
- includes the pace by which scenes
are given out
* Having natural progression of time
to the events of the story makes a
good writing.

4. 1. Clipped Narration
“He came and talked to us. Then he left the
house and then he drove the car back home.
Paced Narration
“He came and talked to us for a few moments.
He seemed upset, but he managed to get
through all the bad news. Shaking our hands
before he left the house come twilight, he
seemed to feel better now that he had delivered
the news. He waved from the car as he pulled
out of the driveway, narrowly missing the
mailbox again, and drove off to return home.”

5. 1.3. Terminology
- places emphasis on the fact that
concepts are critical to the narration
* Writers must choose how to address
terms and which ones they want to
use in order to create an appropriate
setting.

6. 1.Concrete Terms
- words that identify things, places,
and events that can be measured and
observed
- terms that have physical
manifestation in our world
Examples:
spoon, dog, house

7. Patterns
of
Paragraph
Development

8. I. Narration
•- the most basic pattern of
development
- describes how, when, and where an
event or occurrence actually happened
- used to tell a story or focus on a set of
related events

9. Narration
a story normally chronological contain story components
sequential presentation
of events is observed
contain action words:
verbs & adverbs
& transition words
1 2 3 4 5

10. Example:
When I was 11, my cousin and I discovered
how much fun it was to play in the mud. We
would pretend to be making mud pies.
Sometimes we would splatter each other in a
game of war. One day we imagined that we
were pigs and flopped down on our backs in
a mud puddle. Then we had a contest to see
who could make the most convincing oink. My
mother came home, caught wallowing, and
threw a it. She said that we had gotten our
clothes filthy and would have to wash them
ourselves. And then she made us do it, too!

11. Components of Narrative Text
1.1. Logical Actions
- are considered the very movements
within the plot or the narrative that
drive the characters forward, be it
during the dialogue, or within a scene

12. Description
elucidate the nature
of people, places &
things
record a series of
detailed observations
go light on adjectives
& adverbs and look
for ways to describe
actions
physical descriptions use of sensory language
1 2 3 4 5

13. Characteristics of
Description
•● has a clear focus and sense of
purpose
● uses sensory details and precise
words
● presents details in a logical order

14. Description
TWO TYPES
subjective objective
-describing an impression of
what is observed
- often used in fiction
- ex: "It was a dark and lonely night."
-This helps us imagine the kind of
night it was.
- usualy employed in reportial
and scientific writing
-present an impartial and actual
picture of an object/ scene
- ex: detectives cover crime scenes
as not to influence judgment

15. Varieties of Description
•1. Objective Description
- looks into factual and scientific
characteristics of what is being
described as objectively as possible
* The writer stays away from
emotional impressions or responses
and instead, describes the scene as it is.

16. Example
The Acer barbatum is a small to medium-sized,
deciduous tree usually ranging from 15 to 25 m.
(50 to 80 ft.) tall when mature. Its bark is light
gray and smooth on younger trees, and it becomes
ridged and furrowed with age. Leaves are opposite
and shallowly to deeply palmately lobed, with a
few blunt teeth but no serrations. The leaf sinuses
are rounded, unlike those of red maple (Acer
rubrum) which are sharply V-shaped. Also, the
sides of terminal leaf lobes are more or less
parallel, while those of red maple are widest at the
base, tapering to the tip.

17. •2. Subjective Description
- a sort of description that the author
would normally use to “paint a picture”
of how he sees a character, or how he
wants the reader to see a character
- also used in a literary discourse when
there is stereotyped image that can be
attributed to a person, place, or an
event.

18. Example
My mother had hair so dark
that it looked like a waterfall of ink.
She always kept it in a braid that fell
to her slim waist, and always tied
with a plain black band. The braid of
black slung over her shoulder, the
plaits shining like scales.

19. Description

20. What I Have Learned
Directions: Choose the best word or group of words that will complete each statement. Write your answer on
a separate sheet.
1. _____________is a writing pattern of developing paragraph using
detailed observation about the subject.
2. ______________are used in writing descriptive paragraph.
3. ______________can be in a form of word, phrase or clause.
4. ________________description presents impartial and actual picture of the
subjects without biases.
5. __________description gives the personal impression of the writer.
Objective Subjective Description Sensory languages Modifiers

21. III. Definition
• - explains not just what something means or is,
but also what something does, what something is
used for, what something looks like, etc

22. Definition
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
definition is then used
provide clear details to
support the term's
definition "
particulars to differentiate
the term from other
members of that class
It begins by citing general
class to which the term
belongs

23. The first one is informal definition-- either denotation or connotation. Denotation is
the dictionary meaning of the word.
For example: Rose is a family of prickly shrub with pinnate leaves and showy flowers.
Meanwhile, connotation is the secondary meaning of a word and not necessarily included
in the dictionary. Rather it is how a writer understands a word based on his own personal
or consensual experiences.
In the example: A dozen of pink roses is usually given to their beloved ones. Instead of
literally referring to flowers, love and romance are connoted.

24. The second one, formal definition consists of three principal parts: the
species (WORD) n +Genus (CLASS) + Differentiate. The WORD is the name
of the object, process, or concept defined. This is usually followed by “is” and
“are” and the CLASS or general group to which the object belongs. For
example: Skimming (species) is a reading technique (class) of allowing the
eyes to travel over a page very quickly, stopping only here and there to gain
an idea (differentiate).

25. Signal Words for
Definition
is
defined
as
means to define
as
defined
refers to to
illustrat
e

26. Common methods of
definition.
Methods
by
characteristics
or features
by example
by its effect
by function
by its origins
by what it
is not

27. Definition
Definition
Paragraph

28. IV.Classification and
Exemplification
•Classification
- divides things into groups, classes, or
categories
- organizes ideas into divisions based
on criteria or standards

29. •Exemplification
- provides examples and illustrations in
order to further clarify or explain the
concept or subject matter
- presents the general statement and
then provides specific and concrete
examples to expound on the main idea

30. Exemplification

31. Signal Words for
Classification
another classif
ied as
one
kind
the
last
group
another
kind
final
type
the
first
categor
y
the
next
part

32. Signal Words for
Exemplification
after
all
for
instance
namely that is
as an
example
in other
words
put
another
way
to be
specific
consider
the
followin
g
in
particul
ar
specific
ally
to
clarify

33. Example
Dogs are domesticated animals that have
been living with humans for generations. Dogs
can be classified in a number of different ways.
For example, they can be classified by breed.
Examples of different breeds include beagles,
basset hounds, poodles and countless others as
defined by the American Kennel Club (AKC).
They can also be classified by their role in the
lives of their masters and the work they do. For
example, a dog might be a family pet, a working
dog, a show dog, or a hunting dog. In many cases,
dogs are defined both by their breed and their role.
For example, a dog could be a beagle that is a
family pet.

34. Example
It’s common to see examples used in all kinds
of situations—an idea can be considered too
general or abstract until we see it in
action. Exemplification extends this idea even
further: it carries one or more examples into
great detail, in order to show the details of a
complex problem in a way that’s easy for
readers to understand.

35. V. Comparison and
Contrast
• - organizes ideas based on how events, places, people, things,
and concepts are similar to or different from one another
a. separately -involves describing one
item first followed by the second item
b. side-by-side -involves discussing
both items based on each point of
comparison

36. Signal Words for
Comparing
also equally in the
same way
similarl
y
as in a
similar
fashion
like to
compare
both in
comparis
on
likewise