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Exploring Patterns of Darkling Beetle Distributions in the Genus Eleodes
- 1. Exploring patterns of darkling beetle distributions in the genus Eleodes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) M. Andrew Johnston ajohnston@asu.edu Edward Gilbert egbot@asu.edu@MAndrewJohnston http://slideshare.net/MAndrewJ/patterns-of-distribution
- 2. As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for me?
- 3. As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for me? Well – what data are available for my taxon of study?
- 4. Eleodes Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) • ~200 valid species • ~450 available names • Western North American distribution • Often considered difficult to identify 5 sympatric species in SE Arizona, to scale E.madrensis Johnston E.anthracinusBlaisdell E.subnitensLeConte E.nitidusCasey E.longicollisLeConte
- 5. Eleodes Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) • Larvae live in the soil • Adults are wingless • Omnivorous scavengers • No known specific associations with plants E.carbonarius(Say) E.caudiferusLeConte
- 6. Exploring Eleodes occurrence data 36,317 Preserved Specimens 22,458 Preserved Specimens Searching all fields for “Eleodes”
- 7. 36,317 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields 589 Scientific Names Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 8. 36,317 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields 589 Scientific Names 54 Families Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 9. 36,317 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields 589 Scientific Names 54 Families 4 Kingdoms Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 10. 36,317 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields Should we trust the ‘Genus’ and ‘Species’ fields? Or the ‘ScientificName’ field? 54 Families 4 Kingdoms 589 Scientific Names Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 11. 36,317 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in at least ‘Genus’ or ‘ScientificName’ fields There are no ‘identifiedBy’ data with any of these records… 54 Families 4 Kingdoms 589 Scientific Names Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 12. Share a composite backbone taxonomy, confusing Eleodes with: Aleiodes (Hymenoptera) Elodes (Coleoptera) Leiodes (Coleoptera) Galeodes (Solifugae) Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 13. Conflicting, un-sourced taxonomic information make these data untrustworthy. Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 14. 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 15. 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field 678 Scientific Names Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 16. Eleodes Occurrence Data 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field 678 Scientific Names 1 Family (Tenebrionidae)
- 17. 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field 678 Scientific Names 1 Genus (Eleodes) 1 Family (Tenebrionidae) Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 18. 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field 678 Scientific Names 1 Genus (Eleodes) 1 Family (Tenebrionidae) We can be reasonably confident someone determined these specimens to the genus Eleodes Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 19. 44,082 Preserved Specimens All had “Eleodes” present in ‘ScientificName’ field 678 Scientific Names 1 Genus (Eleodes) 1 Family (Tenebrionidae) 23,821 “identifiedBy” attributed to a person Exploring Eleodes occurrence data
- 20. What can these data tell us about distributions of species?
- 21. CORRELATION* Analyzes digitized herbarium data from SEINet *Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9
- 22. CORRELATION* *Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9 Computes how frequently each species is found near each other given species
- 23. CORRELATION* *Landrum, L.R. and D. Lafferty. 2015. Taxon 64(5) 998-1016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/645.9 Clusters species into co-occurring groups
- 24. CORRELATION *Brown, D.E. (ed.) 1994. Biotic communities: Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Arizona Flora Test Case: • Examined 81 ‘high profile’ species • Recovered groupings highly congruent with published biotic communities*
- 25. CORRELATION Analyze input set of lat/long coordinates: • Correlate an animal species with SEINet plants • Place that animal in a plant-driven biotic community
- 26. Using CORRELATION, we can ask questions about ecological communities And answer them based on specimen occurrence data
- 27. Where can we find a certain species? “You can find it in oak-juniper forests in southern Arizona” Eleodes madrensis Johnston, 2015
- 28. Where can we find a certain species? Eleodes madrensis Johnston, 2015 5 highest correlated plant species “You can find it in oak-juniper forests in southern Arizona”
- 29. Differentiate habitats of similar species Eleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870
- 30. Differentiate habitats of similar species Eleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870
- 31. Differentiate habitats of similar species Eleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870 Only share a single species of top 10
- 32. Differentiate habitats of similar species Eleodes arcuatus Casey, 1884 Eleodes arcuatus is correlated with oak- juniper mid-elevation transition forest
- 33. Differentiate habitats of similar species Eleodes debilis Horn, 1870 Eleodes debilis is correlated with riparian broadleaf plants from a similar elevation
- 34. CORRELATION transforms our approach to understanding distribution Ecological Community “Authoritative observation” Repeatable, specimen-based correlation
- 35. Ecological Community “Authoritative observation” Repeatable, specimen-based correlation Spatial Distribution Geographic polygons Specimen-driven, co-occurring species communities CORRELATION transforms our approach to understanding distribution
- 36. Can we infer ancestor- descendant plant-community shifts?
- 37. Historical plant-community inference • 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected – Records with high geographic uncertainty or missing locality data were removed – Records were sorted to taxa by ‘ScientificName’ based on nomenclatural synonymies
- 38. Historical plant-community inference • 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected • Associated beetles with plant communities using CORRELATION – Beetle species associated with 6 different plant communities – 18 species were correlated to a single plant community, 3 were equally correlated to 2 communities
- 39. Historical plant-community inference • 21 Eleodes species from Arizona were selected • Associated beetles with plant communities using CORRELATION • ‘Biogeographic’ reconstruction in BioGeoBEARS – Inferred historical plant-community lineage associations – Assumed current plant communities existed throughout Eleodes evolutionary history
- 40. Historical plant-community inference Colors represent six different biotic communities Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in prep
- 41. Historical plant-community inference Two independent radiations into the Sonoran Desert community Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in prep
- 42. Historical plant-community inference ‘Melaneleodes Clade’ ancestors associated with Pine-Juniper community of the Colorado Plateau Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in prep
- 43. Historical plant-community inference Ancestral lineage associated with higher elevation oak-juniper and ponderosa pine communities Phylogeny based on a 7-gene unpublished dataset, Smith et al. in prep
- 44. • Novel analysis for inferring historical habitat transitions • Entirely based on vouchered specimen data • Analyses are reproducible and easily re-done when new data are made available Historical plant-community inference
- 45. • Expand range to all North American Eleodes species and plant communities • Incorporate fossil data to constrain historically available plant communities Future directions
- 46. • Expand range to all of North American species and biotic communities • Incorporate fossil data to constrain historically available plant communities Future directions See more community-created tools to analyze specimen data
- 47. As a grad student studying systematics, are biodiversity data/informatics useful for me?
- 48. YES! (mostly) • There are large amounts of data available • Current state of higher-level aggregation may be problematic for narrowly-focused projects • We can learn more about the biology and evolution of our groups
- 49. Special thanks to: ASU Herbarium: Les Landrum Darryl Lafferty Liz Makings Walt Fertig Lab members: Nico Franz Guanyang Zhang Sangmi Lee Sal Anzaldo Andrew Jansen Brian Riley Data Entry: Chris Henny Andrew Galvan Colin McMartin Dylan Cooper Collaborators: Aaron Smith Kojun Kanda Funding: NSF ARTS DEB-1258154 2016 Evolutionary Biology Summer Research Fellowship Data, Analyses, Scripts: http://github.com/mandrewj/