This document discusses principles for assigning responsibilities to objects in object-oriented design. It introduces the concept of responsibility as obligations of an object's behavior, such as doing something itself or controlling other objects. It then discusses several patterns for assigning responsibilities, including assigning creation responsibilities to the creator object, information-holding responsibilities to the information expert object, and mediation responsibilities to an intermediate object to reduce coupling. The document advocates assigning behaviors polymorphically rather than through conditionals, and creating protected variations to handle instability.
Umfjöllun um tvo kafla í Barbin bókinni, kafli 2 og 4. Sá fyrri fjallar um Architectual Principles og sá seinni um General Responsibilty Assignment Software Patterns.
Umfjöllun um tvo kafla í Barbin bókinni, kafli 2 og 4. Sá fyrri fjallar um Architectual Principles og sá seinni um General Responsibilty Assignment Software Patterns.
Principle of soft computing.
Soft computing.
Goals of soft computing.
Problem solving techniques.
Hard computing v/s soft computing.
Techniques in soft computing.
Advantages of soft computing.
Applications of soft computing.
My presentation gives a brief overview about soft computing and it's concepts. Such as..Neural networks, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence etc...
Ever heard of the Law of Demeter? How about the Liskov Substitution Principle? This talk introduces key object-oriented laws and principles currently used in our field and provides guidance for their use when building applications on the .NET platform.
Ever heard of the Law of Demeter? How about the Liskov Substitution Principle? This talk introduces key object-oriented laws and principles currently used in our field and provides guidance for their use when building applications on the .NET platform.
Principle of soft computing.
Soft computing.
Goals of soft computing.
Problem solving techniques.
Hard computing v/s soft computing.
Techniques in soft computing.
Advantages of soft computing.
Applications of soft computing.
My presentation gives a brief overview about soft computing and it's concepts. Such as..Neural networks, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence etc...
Ever heard of the Law of Demeter? How about the Liskov Substitution Principle? This talk introduces key object-oriented laws and principles currently used in our field and provides guidance for their use when building applications on the .NET platform.
Ever heard of the Law of Demeter? How about the Liskov Substitution Principle? This talk introduces key object-oriented laws and principles currently used in our field and provides guidance for their use when building applications on the .NET platform.
The Black Box: Interpretability, Reproducibility, and Data Managementmark madsen
The growing complexity of data science leads to black box solutions that few people in an organization understand. You often hear about the difficulty of interpretability—explaining how an analytic model works—and that you need it to deploy models. But people use many black boxes without understanding them…if they’re reliable. It’s when the black box becomes unreliable that people lose trust.
Mistrust is more likely to be created by the lack of reliability, and the lack of reliability is often the result of misunderstanding essential elements of analytics infrastructure and practice. The concept of reproducibility—the ability to get the same results given the same information—extends your view to include the environment and the data used to build and execute models.
Mark Madsen examines reproducibility and the areas that underlie production analytics and explores the most frequently ignored and yet most essential capability, data management. The industry needs to consider its practices so that systems are more transparent and reliable, improving trust and increasing the likelihood that your analytic solutions will succeed.
This talk will treat the black boxed of ML the way management perceives them, as black boxes.
There is much work on explainable models, interpretability, etc. that are important to the task of reproducibility. Much of that is relevant to the practitioner, but the practitioner can become too focused on the part they are most familiar with and focused on. Reproducing the results needs more.
Most developers write code to fulfil a business requirement, however the cost of project is not decided by the development but by the effort maintenance. So the emphasis should be to write quality , clean code that minimizes time spent on maintenance.
Operationalizing Machine Learning in the Enterprisemark madsen
TDWI Munich 2019
What does it take to operationalize machine learning and AI in an enterprise setting?
Machine learning in an enterprise setting is difficult, but it seems easy. All you need is some smart people, some tools, and some data. It’s a long way from the environment needed to build ML applications to the environment to run them in an enterprise.
Most of what we know about production ML and AI come from the world of web and digital startups and consumer services, where ML is a core part of the services they provide. These companies have fewer constraints than most enterprises do.
This session describes the nature of ML and AI applications and the overall environment they operate in, explains some important concepts about production operations, and offers some observations and advice for anyone trying to build and deploy such systems.
Patterns and Anti-patterns
How to learn design patterns?
Categories of GoF patterns
The Fundamental theorem of software engineering
Real-world problems and how design patterns solve them with GoF structural patterns
Similar to Patterns of Assigning Responsibilities (20)
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. AmirdhaGopalRajendran X-Conf Thoughtworks, Chennai Patterns of assigning Responsibilities The critical design tool for software development is a MIND well educated in DESIGN PRINCIPLES. – Craig Larman
2. Setting the Context Pattern Responsibility Domain Model Patterns Creator Information Expert Pure Fabrication Indirection Polymorphism Protected Variation Related Patterns References Introduction Life can only be understood backwards, but it must be lived forwards. – Soren Kierkegaard
3. Pattern is an abstractsolution to a recurring problem, in a particular context. Larman: A good pattern is a named and well-knownproblem/solution pair that can be applied in new contexts. Design Pattern: Notto express new design ideas. Codify Existing tried-and-true knowledge, idioms and principles GRASP - General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns or Principles. Pattern One person’s pattern is another person’s primitive building block. – GoF
4. Responsibilities are obligations of an object in terms of its behaviour. Doing: Doing something itself, such as creating an object or doing a calculation Initiating action in other objects Controlling and coordinating activities in other objects. Knowing: Knowing about private encapsulated data Knowing about related objects Knowing about things it can derive or calculate Responsibility Understanding responsibilities is key to good object-oriented design. -Martin Fowler
5. Domain Model It’s all very well in practice, but it will never work in theory. -Management Maxim
7. Who should be responsible for creating a new instance of some class? Assign class B the responsibility to create an instance of class A if one or more of the following is true: B aggregates A B contains A B records instance of A objects B closely use A objects B passes initializing data to A Delegate complex creation logic to Concrete Factory or Abstract Factory. Benefits Low Coupling Creator
9. What is the general principle of assigning responsibilities to objects? Assign a responsibility to the information expert – the class that has the information necessary to fulfill the responsibility. ContraIndication Undesirable in some situations, because of coupling and cohesion Benefits Information Encapsulation Distribution of behaviour – more cohesive “lightweight” class definitions Information Expert
10. How to Save the Sale to Database? SaleRepository Sale Load(intsaleId) void Save(Sale sale) …
11. What object should have the responsibility, when not to violate High Cohesion and Low Coupling? Assign a highly cohesive set of responsibilities to an artificial class, that does not represent a problem domain, in order to support high cohesion, low coupling, and reuse. Design of Objects Representational Decomposition – Domain Things Behavioral Decomposition – Algorithms ContraIndications Overuse – too many behavior objects. Benefits High Cohesion Reuse potential because of fine-grained Pure Fabrication. Virtually, all design patterns are Pure Fabrications Pure Fabrication
12. How to avoid direct coupling between Sale and External Tax Systems?
13. Where to assign a responsibility, to avoid direct coupling between two things? Assign the responsibility to an intermediate object to mediate between other components or services so that they are not directly coupled. Benefits Low Coupling Many pure fabrications are generated because of Indirection Many Existing design patterns are specialization of Indirection. Indirection Most problems in computer science can be solved by another level of indirection. Most problems in performance can be solved by removing another level of indirection .
15. How handle alternatives based on type? When alternate behaviours are selected based on the type of an object, use polymorphic method call to select the behaviour, rather than using if statement to test the type. “Giving the same name to services in different objects” ContraIndications Speculative “future-proofing” – unnecessary effort Benefits: New variations are easy to add. Clients are not affected. Polymorphism
16. How to design objects, subsystems, and systems so that the variations or instability in these elements does not have an undesirable impact on other elements? Identify points of predicted variation or instability; assign responsibilities to create a stable interface around them. Very important, fundamental principle of software design. Points of Change (Hot spots) Variation Point, Evolution Point Mechanisms motivated by PV Service Lookups, Virtual Machines, Standard Languages, etc… Same as Information Hiding and Open-Closed Priciple. Protected Variation
17. Controller High Cohesion Low Coupling Law of Demeter Principle of Least Knowledge Only talk to your immediate friends Related Patterns Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. -Albert Einstein
19. Thank you Intelligence is the ability to avoid doing work, yet getting the work done. -LinusTorvalds
Editor's Notes
Common Relationships - Composite aggregates Part - Container contains Content - Recorder records RecordedA composite object is an excellent candidate to make its parts.When creation requires significant complexity, delegate creation to a helper class called Concrete Factory or Abstract Factory.Benefits: Low coupling is supported
Frequently used in the assignment of responsibilities.Undesirable in some situations, because of problems in coupling and cohesion.Eg: Who should be responsible for saving a sale in a database?By Expert, it should be in Sale class, which leads to cohesion, coupling and duplication problem.Benefits: - Information encapsulation is maintained, which supports low coupling. - Distribution of behaviour across the classes, thus encouraging more cohesive “lightweight” class definitions.
What object should have the responsibility, when you do not wantto violate High Cohesion and Low Coupling, or other goals, but solutions offered by Expert (for example) are not appropriate?Pure Fabrication – Idiom – implies making something up.The responsibilities are shifted from the Expert class to the Pure Fabrication.Design of Objects:Representational Decomposition – Represents things in DomainBehavioral Decomposition - AlgorithmsPreserves low coupling and high cohesion.Virtually, all design patterns are Pure Fabrications.
Where to assign a responsibility, to avoid direct coupling between two things? How to de-couple objects so that low coupling is supported and reuse potential remains higher?Pure Fabrications are generated because of Indirection.
Very important, fundamental principle of software design.Eg:Data Driven DesignsService LookupUniform AccessStandard LanguagesTwo points of change: Variation Point Evolution PointInformation Hiding: Hide Information about the design from other modules, at the points of difficulty or likely change.Open Closed Principle: Modules should be both open (for extension; adaptable) and closed (the module is closed to modification in ways that affect clients.)ContraIndications and Benefits are same as Polymorphism.
Controller:What first object beyond the UI layer receives and coordinates (“Controls”) a system operation?Assign the responsibility to an object representing one of these choicesRepresents the overall “system”, a “root object” (façade controller)Represents a use case scenario (session controller)Law of DemeterWithin a method, messages should only be sent to the following objectsThe this object (or self)A parameter of the methodAn attribute of thisAn element of a collection which is an attribute of this.An object created within the method.