PAT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L TO O L S E R I E S
Monitoring and Evaluation – 2
CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS:
A Guide for Designing and
Conducting In-Depth Interviews
for Evaluation Input
By
Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate
Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate
May 2006
PAT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L TO O L S E R I E S
Monitoring and Evaluation – 2
CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS:
A Guide for Designing and
Conducting In-Depth Interviews
for Evaluation Input
By
Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate
Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate
May 2006
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the following Pathfinder employees and partners for their
technical inputs into this document: Anne Palmer (Futures Group International), Ugo
Daniels (African Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont (Pathfinder/Extending Service
Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunnington, and Shannon Pryor (Pathfinder
headquarters). Jenny Wilder and Mary Burket are also thanked for their inputs and
assistance in editing and producing this document.
2 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS
What is an In-Depth Interview?
In-depth interviewing is a qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive
individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspectives on a
particular idea, program, or situation. For example, we might ask participants, staff, and others
associated with a program about their experiences and expectations related to the program, the
thoughts they have concerning program operations, processes, and outcomes, and about any
changes they perceive in themselves as a result of their involvement in the program.
When are In-Depth Interviews Appropriate?
In-depth interviews are useful when you want detailed information about a person’s
thoughts and behaviors or want to explore new issues in depth. Interviews are often used
to provide context to other data (such as outcome data), offering a more complete picture
of what happened in the program and why. For example, you may have measured an
increase in youth visits to a clinic, and through in-depth interviews you find out that a
youth noted that she went to the clinic because she saw a new sign outside of the clinic
advertising youth hours. You might also interview a clinic staff member to find out their
perspective on the clinic’s “youth friendliness.”
In-depth interviews should be used in place of focus groups if the potential participants
may not be included or comfortable talking openly in a group, or when you want to
distinguish individual (as opposed to group) opinions about the program. They are often
used to refine questions for future surveys of a particular group.
What are the Advantages and Limitations of In-Depth Interviews?
The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is that they provide much more detailed
information than what is available through other data col ...
This document provides guidance on how to design and conduct a case study for evaluation purposes. It defines what a case study is and discusses when they are appropriate. The advantages and limitations of case studies are outlined. The process for developing and conducting a case study is described in detail, including planning, developing data collection instruments, collecting data from multiple sources, analyzing the data, and disseminating findings. Potential elements of a case study report are provided, with examples.
This document discusses various tools and techniques that can be used for auditing, including surveys, questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and direct observation. Surveys are useful for collecting background data, behavioral data, attitudes, opinions, and knowledge, but have limitations such as imposing the researcher's structure and not capturing deeper information. Questionnaires guide interviews and distribute questions, while focus groups allow collection of more information from groups of 5-10 people. Interviews can establish trust but are expensive. Direct observation techniques include participant observation, field observation, trace data, and archival data. Overall, the document provides an overview of common qualitative and quantitative audit data collection methods.
Presentation at a meeting of Health Policy, System and Management Research Group,
Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria on 28/06/28
The document discusses various qualitative research methods used in interviews and observations. It describes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews, providing examples of questions for each type. It also covers focus groups, problem-centered interviews, expert interviews, and methods of observation like participant and non-participant observation. The purpose of these qualitative research methods is to get an in-depth understanding of experiences, beliefs, and social phenomena.
This document provides guidance on developing and conducting surveys. It discusses when to use surveys and outlines key steps in the survey process, including determining the purpose and intended users, developing survey items and response formats, reviewing items, pilot testing, administration, analysis and communication of results. The goal is to help users obtain useful information through systematic and well-designed surveys. Professional assistance is recommended, as surveys require expertise in areas like sampling and statistical analysis.
This document discusses effective interview techniques for obtaining information. It identifies several skills effective interviewers employ, such as preparing well by defining the purpose, setting appropriate expectations with the interviewee, choosing relevant topics to cover, structuring questions clearly, and probing for clarification when needed. Interviewers should also be aware of potential sources of error or bias and how to mitigate them, such as through question wording or sequencing. With practice, interviewers can improve their skills at conducting interviews that obtain full and accurate information from respondents.
Seminar in research practicum ,in depth-interviewKKU
The document discusses in-depth interviews, which involve open-ended questions to deeply explore a respondent's perspective. Key features include semi-structured questioning that allows the conversation to flow naturally, seeking to understand responses through interpretation and clarification, and recording responses, observations, and reflections. The seven stages of in-depth interviews are: 1) determining the purpose and key information, 2) designing an interview guide, 3) conducting the interview, 4) transcribing responses, 5) analyzing themes in the information, 6) verifying the information through methods like triangulation, and 7) reporting findings to stakeholders. A skilled interviewer is a good listener who can notice nonverbal cues and remain flexible and open-minded throughout the
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for determining a research design, including identifying a research problem, assessing available information, developing a theoretical framework, and writing a research proposal. The main steps are to identify the research problem, determine the purpose of the research, develop a theoretical framework, define the research question/hypothesis, identify any limitations or delimitations of the study, and decide on an appropriate methodology. Good research requires a clear statement of objectives, an appropriate methodology, unbiased conduct, sufficient resources, and adherence to ethical standards.
This document provides guidance on how to design and conduct a case study for evaluation purposes. It defines what a case study is and discusses when they are appropriate. The advantages and limitations of case studies are outlined. The process for developing and conducting a case study is described in detail, including planning, developing data collection instruments, collecting data from multiple sources, analyzing the data, and disseminating findings. Potential elements of a case study report are provided, with examples.
This document discusses various tools and techniques that can be used for auditing, including surveys, questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and direct observation. Surveys are useful for collecting background data, behavioral data, attitudes, opinions, and knowledge, but have limitations such as imposing the researcher's structure and not capturing deeper information. Questionnaires guide interviews and distribute questions, while focus groups allow collection of more information from groups of 5-10 people. Interviews can establish trust but are expensive. Direct observation techniques include participant observation, field observation, trace data, and archival data. Overall, the document provides an overview of common qualitative and quantitative audit data collection methods.
Presentation at a meeting of Health Policy, System and Management Research Group,
Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria on 28/06/28
The document discusses various qualitative research methods used in interviews and observations. It describes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews, providing examples of questions for each type. It also covers focus groups, problem-centered interviews, expert interviews, and methods of observation like participant and non-participant observation. The purpose of these qualitative research methods is to get an in-depth understanding of experiences, beliefs, and social phenomena.
This document provides guidance on developing and conducting surveys. It discusses when to use surveys and outlines key steps in the survey process, including determining the purpose and intended users, developing survey items and response formats, reviewing items, pilot testing, administration, analysis and communication of results. The goal is to help users obtain useful information through systematic and well-designed surveys. Professional assistance is recommended, as surveys require expertise in areas like sampling and statistical analysis.
This document discusses effective interview techniques for obtaining information. It identifies several skills effective interviewers employ, such as preparing well by defining the purpose, setting appropriate expectations with the interviewee, choosing relevant topics to cover, structuring questions clearly, and probing for clarification when needed. Interviewers should also be aware of potential sources of error or bias and how to mitigate them, such as through question wording or sequencing. With practice, interviewers can improve their skills at conducting interviews that obtain full and accurate information from respondents.
Seminar in research practicum ,in depth-interviewKKU
The document discusses in-depth interviews, which involve open-ended questions to deeply explore a respondent's perspective. Key features include semi-structured questioning that allows the conversation to flow naturally, seeking to understand responses through interpretation and clarification, and recording responses, observations, and reflections. The seven stages of in-depth interviews are: 1) determining the purpose and key information, 2) designing an interview guide, 3) conducting the interview, 4) transcribing responses, 5) analyzing themes in the information, 6) verifying the information through methods like triangulation, and 7) reporting findings to stakeholders. A skilled interviewer is a good listener who can notice nonverbal cues and remain flexible and open-minded throughout the
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for determining a research design, including identifying a research problem, assessing available information, developing a theoretical framework, and writing a research proposal. The main steps are to identify the research problem, determine the purpose of the research, develop a theoretical framework, define the research question/hypothesis, identify any limitations or delimitations of the study, and decide on an appropriate methodology. Good research requires a clear statement of objectives, an appropriate methodology, unbiased conduct, sufficient resources, and adherence to ethical standards.
Các phương pháp nghiên cứu thị trường - Market research methodsInfoQ - GMO Research
Primary data is data collected directly from firsthand sources through surveys, observation or experimentation. It provides accurate information specific to the research problem but can be costly and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data already exists and is cheaper and easier to obtain but the researcher has less control over what is collected. Qualitative research uses unstructured methods like focus groups and in-depth interviews to provide insights while quantitative research quantifies data using structured methods like telephone, online, and mail surveys. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research needs.
1-archival data might be acquired from 3 different locations tha.docxdorishigh
1-
archival data might be acquired from 3 different locations that are the following:
1-records: such as absentee, sick leave or vacation record; sales records; employee figures ...etc
2-documents: training manuals and materials; evaluation plans; and job aids ...etc
3- Existing databases: census data, department of labor data; vital statistics as birth, death, marriage, divorce ...etc
Some advantages of archival data are:
- are easily collectable. reviewing records and documents and using databases doesn't require participants to do anything different.
- May provide quantitative data. Records, document, and databases can provide data for evaluation questions that focus on quantity or frequency.
-Allow for the creation of new variables and scales.
Some disadvantages of archival data are:
-Aggregation. Records may be too aggregated to provide useful data.
-Changes over time. Definitions of terms and variables or data collection methods may have changed over time.
-Time consuming. if there are many documents to review, the task can be tedious and costly in term of time.
2-
observation can be a useful method for addressing evaluation questions concerning an employee's or group's behavior or actions before, during,or after a training program or other organization initiatives.Observing people and environments is particularly helpful in studying processes, relationships among people, and the context of certain events and environments. In addition, observation data can provide important information for answering specific evaluation questions for many kinds of evaluations.
3-
There are several choices to be made when considering how to collect and record observation data. one can need qualitative observations, and where qualitative data are required, the evaluators simply writes down detailed information in the form of a narrative as they are observing. the purpose of qualitative observations is to describe. while the interpretations of observations are left to the data analysis phase.
another choice to use for the observation methods is the video recording of someone's performance to collect that kind of data. the evaluator positions a video camera to record the individual's actions.
a third technique used for collecting observation methods is the use of still photographs. here the evaluator may decide to take photographs of the organization's environment, the employee's workspace, employees performing some tasks or interactions among employees.
The fourth method that can be used for that is the use of checklist or rating form. the evaluator develops a list of questions or items that will guide the observation.
4 while responding to a likert scale, some people feel compelled to put a mark somewhere in between numbers on the scale, for example between the 2 and the 3. this scale allows the responses of varying degrees to each specific survey item. it is important to provide these descriptions so that the respondents can provide their opini ...
This document discusses focus groups, including their history, purpose, advantages, disadvantages, best practices, and costs. Focus groups originated in the 1940s to evaluate audience responses and were later adopted by businesses. They involve organized interviews of small groups to discuss select issues and yield useful information for program design and evaluation. Key advantages include obtaining diverse perspectives and ideas in a time-efficient manner. Potential limitations are non-representative findings and one group dominating. Moderators must ensure discussions remain balanced and confidential. Planning, participant selection, facilitation, and data analysis are important for high-quality focus group research.
This booklet covers Step 1 Capturing Information of the five-step documentation process (Step 1 – Capturing Information, Step 2 – Structuring Information, Step 3 – Presenting Information, Step 4 –Communicating Information, Step 5 – Storing and Maintaining Information). This booklet provides some basic tips, techniques, approaches and exercises for understanding and practicing how to capture information effectively.
7
Abstract
In the research article,Interviewing Witness, the context informed about the critical elements that determines the success of a witness interview. The purpose of this research was to emphasis on the many aspects that should be examined when conducting an interview with a witness. These aspects often should be noted both before and during the interview process. The study indicated that preparations made beforehand plays a crucial role in the success and the overall gain of the interview. The study examined how both the interviewer’s and the interviewee’s behaviors can place impact on the overall results of the interview through direct or indirect ways. Furthermore, the experiments also examined the actions carried by the interviewee after the process of interviewing. These actions can also place a significant impacts on the success of the interviewing process. By inspecting those different aspects, considering these findings can help in more efficient interviewing processes within the criminal justice area in the future.
Discussion and Analysis of Interviewing Witness
Research Design and Methods
With several interviewers as the test subjects, they were assigned to interview a group of audience through distinct strategic approaches. Those interviewers followed the provided guidelines to interview and see the degree of effectiveness on their ways approaches of interviewing. Interviewer One (Alpha) was being told to interview a targeted individual on a random given subject. Interviewer Alpha was not informed on any background information of the interviewed witness. Nor did Interviewer Alpha was informed of any information about similar cases from the past. Throughout the interviewing session, Interviewer Alpha was told to interview only through a closed question method. This means that the questions were asked in a format that can be only answered with yes or no. After the interviewing session, Interviewer Alpha was asked to take a lunch break for an hour, before writing down the information he learned from the interview. Interviewer Beta’s interviewing method was totally different from Interviewer Alpha’s. Interviewer Beta was informed of what kind of targeted individual she would be interviewing. Interviewer Beta also received a generalized profile regarding the interviewed target. During the interviewing session, Interviewer Beta was encouraged to ask open-ended questions. This meant that the interviewee often answered questions through a more in-depth approach. Then, Interviewer Beta was asked to write down what she learned immediately after the interviewing session has ended.
Research Results
The result shown indicated that Interviewer Alpha’s interviewing success was a lot lower than Interviewer Beta’s. Due to that Interviewer Alpha did not have an overall idea of what kind of identity she was going to interview, she wasn’t able to come up with any questions that were relevant to the subject. As.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
This document discusses the process of collecting qualitative data. It explains that qualitative researchers identify participants and sites, determine what type of data to collect through methods like observations, interviews, documents, and audiovisual materials. Researchers develop data collection forms like interview protocols and observational protocols to systematically record information. The document provides details on purposeful sampling strategies, gaining access to research sites, seeking ethical approval, and collecting and recording qualitative data.
This document discusses various research interview methods used to collect primary data, including unstructured interviews which use open-ended questions to understand perceptions, structured interviews which use standardized questions, and focus groups which gather group discussions. It provides tips for conducting interviews such as establishing rapport, avoiding bias, and using techniques like funneling. The advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as focus groups and videoconferencing are also outlined.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in research, including structured, unstructured, individual, and focus group interviews. It describes the key characteristics of focus group interviews such as including 6-8 participants, asking open-ended questions, and training the interviewer. The document also outlines techniques for properly conducting interviews such as preparing questions in advance, actively listening without bias, and maintaining rapport with the interviewee.
This document provides checklists for managing various aspects of a research project, including principles, tools, methodology, ethics, interviews, questionnaires, and report writing. The checklists outline important considerations for each stage of research to ensure the project is well-planned, executed properly, and reported on accurately.
L. O'Keefe Writing Sample - Qualitative Research NarrativeLindsay O'Keefe
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods that can be used to evaluate learning programs at the John G. Shedd Aquarium. It describes several common qualitative methods including interviews, observations, document/content analysis. For each method, it outlines what it is, when it is useful, pros and cons, analysis procedures, and provides examples of how each method has been used to evaluate programs at other museums. The overall purpose is to inform staff at Shedd Aquarium about qualitative evaluation methods that could be applied to better understand their learning programs.
Scanned by CamScanner1-archival data might be acquired.docxkenjordan97598
Scanned by CamScanner
1-
archival data might be acquired from 3 different locations that are the following:
1-records: such as absentee, sick leave or vacation record; sales records; employee figures ...etc
2-documents: training manuals and materials; evaluation plans; and job aids ...etc
3- Existing databases: census data, department of labor data; vital statistics as birth, death, marriage, divorce ...etc
Some advantages of archival data are:
- are easily collectable. reviewing records and documents and using databases doesn't require participants to do anything different.
- May provide quantitative data. Records, document, and databases can provide data for evaluation questions that focus on quantity or frequency.
-Allow for the creation of new variables and scales.
Some disadvantages of archival data are:
-Aggregation. Records may be too aggregated to provide useful data.
-Changes over time. Definitions of terms and variables or data collection methods may have changed over time.
-Time consuming. if there are many documents to review, the task can be tedious and costly in term of time.
2-
observation can be a useful method for addressing evaluation questions concerning an employee's or group's behavior or actions before, during,or after a training program or other organization initiatives.Observing people and environments is particularly helpful in studying processes, relationships among people, and the context of certain events and environments. In addition, observation data can provide important information for answering specific evaluation questions for many kinds of evaluations.
3-
There are several choices to be made when considering how to collect and record observation data. one can need qualitative observations, and where qualitative data are required, the evaluators simply writes down detailed information in the form of a narrative as they are observing. the purpose of qualitative observations is to describe. while the interpretations of observations are left to the data analysis phase.
another choice to use for the observation methods is the video recording of someone's performance to collect that kind of data. the evaluator positions a video camera to record the individual's actions.
a third technique used for collecting observation methods is the use of still photographs. here the evaluator may decide to take photographs of the organization's environment, the employee's workspace, employees performing some tasks or interactions among employees.
The fourth method that can be used for that is the use of checklist or rating form. the evaluator develops a list of questions or items that will guide the observation.
4 while responding to a likert scale, some people feel compelled to put a mark somewhere in between numbers on the scale, for example between the 2 and the 3. this scale allows the responses of varying degrees to each specific survey item. it is important to provide these descriptions so that the respondents.
Qualitative interviews involve flexible, unstructured conversations to understand participants' perspectives. They are commonly used in combination with other methods like observation. Interviews can vary in structure from unstructured to semi-structured using an interview guide. Factors like number of interviews, use of visual aids, group settings, and recording methods are considered. Locating respondents, obtaining consent, and addressing issues like researcher effects are important planning considerations. Analyzing interviews involves transcription and identifying common themes.
This document provides guidance on effective interviewing techniques for investigators. It discusses preparing for interviews by creating an investigative plan, determining physical and psychological factors to influence the interview environment, and planning questioning strategies. When conducting interviews, it is important to establish rapport with interviewees, actively listen to their responses, and summarize the discussion to ensure accuracy. Different types of questioning techniques and closing the interview professionally are also discussed. The goal is to gather complete and truthful information through respectful communication.
The document provides guidance on conducting effective interviews for research purposes. It discusses preparing for an interview by developing questions and researching the interviewee. It also covers conducting the interview, including etiquette, note-taking, and flexibility. The document concludes by addressing following up with the interviewee and thanking them for their time.
The document discusses various qualitative research methods including observation, interviews, focus groups, and field surveys. It defines different types of observation including complete observer, observer as participant, participant as observer, and complete participant. It also defines in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Focus groups are used to gather people from similar backgrounds to discuss a topic guided by a moderator. Both advantages and disadvantages of focus groups and in-depth interviews are provided. Qualitative research methods are used in dental research to illuminate various areas related to patients, dental services, and the dental profession.
The document provides guidance on conducting qualitative interviews for research purposes. It discusses preparing for an interview by developing an interview guide and questions, conducting the interview, and following up after the interview. The key steps outlined are:
1) Preparing for the interview by developing an interview guide and list of open-ended questions to get factual information and meanings.
2) Conducting the interview by asking one question at a time, remaining neutral, encouraging responses, and being flexible.
3) Following up after the interview by thanking the interviewee and getting their feedback on the results.
This document discusses various data collection methods. It covers primary methods like focus groups and panels. Focus groups involve 8-10 members discussing a topic for 2 hours led by a moderator. Panels meet more than once. Secondary data sources include published materials, databases, and case studies. Common collection methods are interviews, questionnaires, and observation. Interviews can be unstructured or structured. Questionnaires can be administered in-person or via mail. Factors that impact data quality like question wording, question type, and potential biases are also reviewed.
Investigation Manual CHAPTER 6 - INTERVIEWING TABLE OF C.docxchristiandean12115
This document provides an overview of effective interview techniques for investigators. It discusses preparing for interviews by creating investigative and interview plans, determining appropriate physical and psychological factors, and deciding on the roles of interviewers. When conducting interviews, it recommends establishing rapport, actively listening, summarizing for accuracy, and closing interviews professionally. The document outlines phases of interviews and techniques for questioning witnesses to obtain full and truthful information.
Resources Assigned readings, ERRs, the Internet,and other resources.docxkarlhennesey
Resources: Assigned readings, ERRs, the Internet,and other resources
Write
a no more than 3 page paper, in which you identify a total compensation plan for an organization focused on internal equity, and a total compensation plan for an organization focused on external equity.
Identify
advantages and disadvantages of internal and external equity for the organizations.
Explain
how each plan supports that organization's total compensation objective and the relationship of the organization's financial situation to its plan.
Draw conclusions based upon Electronic Reserve Readings in eCampus
, Martocchio (2009) and/or Milkovich and Newman (2008),
personal experience, and data collected from organizations.
Integrate Week 2 readings
,
Martocchio (2009) and/or Milkovich and Newman (2008),
throughout paper.
Direct quotations should be avoided.
Research should be summarized and synthesized using your own words
; be certain to cite sources of knowledge.
Format
your paper consistent with
APA 6
th
Edition
guidelines.
.
Resource Review Documenting the Face of America Roy Stryker and.docxkarlhennesey
Resource:
Review "Documenting the Face of America: Roy Stryker and the FSA/OWI Photographers," and Ch. 5 of
Oxford History of Art: Twentieth-Century American Art
.
Write
a 200- to 350-word summary responding to the following:
How was photography used as an instrument for social reform? What photograph do you think makes the most powerful social commentary? Why?
Submit
your assignment in a Microsoft
®
Word document using the Assignment Files tab above.
.
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Primary data is data collected directly from firsthand sources through surveys, observation or experimentation. It provides accurate information specific to the research problem but can be costly and time-consuming to collect. Secondary data already exists and is cheaper and easier to obtain but the researcher has less control over what is collected. Qualitative research uses unstructured methods like focus groups and in-depth interviews to provide insights while quantitative research quantifies data using structured methods like telephone, online, and mail surveys. Both have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research needs.
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1-
archival data might be acquired from 3 different locations that are the following:
1-records: such as absentee, sick leave or vacation record; sales records; employee figures ...etc
2-documents: training manuals and materials; evaluation plans; and job aids ...etc
3- Existing databases: census data, department of labor data; vital statistics as birth, death, marriage, divorce ...etc
Some advantages of archival data are:
- are easily collectable. reviewing records and documents and using databases doesn't require participants to do anything different.
- May provide quantitative data. Records, document, and databases can provide data for evaluation questions that focus on quantity or frequency.
-Allow for the creation of new variables and scales.
Some disadvantages of archival data are:
-Aggregation. Records may be too aggregated to provide useful data.
-Changes over time. Definitions of terms and variables or data collection methods may have changed over time.
-Time consuming. if there are many documents to review, the task can be tedious and costly in term of time.
2-
observation can be a useful method for addressing evaluation questions concerning an employee's or group's behavior or actions before, during,or after a training program or other organization initiatives.Observing people and environments is particularly helpful in studying processes, relationships among people, and the context of certain events and environments. In addition, observation data can provide important information for answering specific evaluation questions for many kinds of evaluations.
3-
There are several choices to be made when considering how to collect and record observation data. one can need qualitative observations, and where qualitative data are required, the evaluators simply writes down detailed information in the form of a narrative as they are observing. the purpose of qualitative observations is to describe. while the interpretations of observations are left to the data analysis phase.
another choice to use for the observation methods is the video recording of someone's performance to collect that kind of data. the evaluator positions a video camera to record the individual's actions.
a third technique used for collecting observation methods is the use of still photographs. here the evaluator may decide to take photographs of the organization's environment, the employee's workspace, employees performing some tasks or interactions among employees.
The fourth method that can be used for that is the use of checklist or rating form. the evaluator develops a list of questions or items that will guide the observation.
4 while responding to a likert scale, some people feel compelled to put a mark somewhere in between numbers on the scale, for example between the 2 and the 3. this scale allows the responses of varying degrees to each specific survey item. it is important to provide these descriptions so that the respondents can provide their opini ...
This document discusses focus groups, including their history, purpose, advantages, disadvantages, best practices, and costs. Focus groups originated in the 1940s to evaluate audience responses and were later adopted by businesses. They involve organized interviews of small groups to discuss select issues and yield useful information for program design and evaluation. Key advantages include obtaining diverse perspectives and ideas in a time-efficient manner. Potential limitations are non-representative findings and one group dominating. Moderators must ensure discussions remain balanced and confidential. Planning, participant selection, facilitation, and data analysis are important for high-quality focus group research.
This booklet covers Step 1 Capturing Information of the five-step documentation process (Step 1 – Capturing Information, Step 2 – Structuring Information, Step 3 – Presenting Information, Step 4 –Communicating Information, Step 5 – Storing and Maintaining Information). This booklet provides some basic tips, techniques, approaches and exercises for understanding and practicing how to capture information effectively.
7
Abstract
In the research article,Interviewing Witness, the context informed about the critical elements that determines the success of a witness interview. The purpose of this research was to emphasis on the many aspects that should be examined when conducting an interview with a witness. These aspects often should be noted both before and during the interview process. The study indicated that preparations made beforehand plays a crucial role in the success and the overall gain of the interview. The study examined how both the interviewer’s and the interviewee’s behaviors can place impact on the overall results of the interview through direct or indirect ways. Furthermore, the experiments also examined the actions carried by the interviewee after the process of interviewing. These actions can also place a significant impacts on the success of the interviewing process. By inspecting those different aspects, considering these findings can help in more efficient interviewing processes within the criminal justice area in the future.
Discussion and Analysis of Interviewing Witness
Research Design and Methods
With several interviewers as the test subjects, they were assigned to interview a group of audience through distinct strategic approaches. Those interviewers followed the provided guidelines to interview and see the degree of effectiveness on their ways approaches of interviewing. Interviewer One (Alpha) was being told to interview a targeted individual on a random given subject. Interviewer Alpha was not informed on any background information of the interviewed witness. Nor did Interviewer Alpha was informed of any information about similar cases from the past. Throughout the interviewing session, Interviewer Alpha was told to interview only through a closed question method. This means that the questions were asked in a format that can be only answered with yes or no. After the interviewing session, Interviewer Alpha was asked to take a lunch break for an hour, before writing down the information he learned from the interview. Interviewer Beta’s interviewing method was totally different from Interviewer Alpha’s. Interviewer Beta was informed of what kind of targeted individual she would be interviewing. Interviewer Beta also received a generalized profile regarding the interviewed target. During the interviewing session, Interviewer Beta was encouraged to ask open-ended questions. This meant that the interviewee often answered questions through a more in-depth approach. Then, Interviewer Beta was asked to write down what she learned immediately after the interviewing session has ended.
Research Results
The result shown indicated that Interviewer Alpha’s interviewing success was a lot lower than Interviewer Beta’s. Due to that Interviewer Alpha did not have an overall idea of what kind of identity she was going to interview, she wasn’t able to come up with any questions that were relevant to the subject. As.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
This document discusses the process of collecting qualitative data. It explains that qualitative researchers identify participants and sites, determine what type of data to collect through methods like observations, interviews, documents, and audiovisual materials. Researchers develop data collection forms like interview protocols and observational protocols to systematically record information. The document provides details on purposeful sampling strategies, gaining access to research sites, seeking ethical approval, and collecting and recording qualitative data.
This document discusses various research interview methods used to collect primary data, including unstructured interviews which use open-ended questions to understand perceptions, structured interviews which use standardized questions, and focus groups which gather group discussions. It provides tips for conducting interviews such as establishing rapport, avoiding bias, and using techniques like funneling. The advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as focus groups and videoconferencing are also outlined.
The document discusses different types of interviews used in research, including structured, unstructured, individual, and focus group interviews. It describes the key characteristics of focus group interviews such as including 6-8 participants, asking open-ended questions, and training the interviewer. The document also outlines techniques for properly conducting interviews such as preparing questions in advance, actively listening without bias, and maintaining rapport with the interviewee.
This document provides checklists for managing various aspects of a research project, including principles, tools, methodology, ethics, interviews, questionnaires, and report writing. The checklists outline important considerations for each stage of research to ensure the project is well-planned, executed properly, and reported on accurately.
L. O'Keefe Writing Sample - Qualitative Research NarrativeLindsay O'Keefe
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods that can be used to evaluate learning programs at the John G. Shedd Aquarium. It describes several common qualitative methods including interviews, observations, document/content analysis. For each method, it outlines what it is, when it is useful, pros and cons, analysis procedures, and provides examples of how each method has been used to evaluate programs at other museums. The overall purpose is to inform staff at Shedd Aquarium about qualitative evaluation methods that could be applied to better understand their learning programs.
Scanned by CamScanner1-archival data might be acquired.docxkenjordan97598
Scanned by CamScanner
1-
archival data might be acquired from 3 different locations that are the following:
1-records: such as absentee, sick leave or vacation record; sales records; employee figures ...etc
2-documents: training manuals and materials; evaluation plans; and job aids ...etc
3- Existing databases: census data, department of labor data; vital statistics as birth, death, marriage, divorce ...etc
Some advantages of archival data are:
- are easily collectable. reviewing records and documents and using databases doesn't require participants to do anything different.
- May provide quantitative data. Records, document, and databases can provide data for evaluation questions that focus on quantity or frequency.
-Allow for the creation of new variables and scales.
Some disadvantages of archival data are:
-Aggregation. Records may be too aggregated to provide useful data.
-Changes over time. Definitions of terms and variables or data collection methods may have changed over time.
-Time consuming. if there are many documents to review, the task can be tedious and costly in term of time.
2-
observation can be a useful method for addressing evaluation questions concerning an employee's or group's behavior or actions before, during,or after a training program or other organization initiatives.Observing people and environments is particularly helpful in studying processes, relationships among people, and the context of certain events and environments. In addition, observation data can provide important information for answering specific evaluation questions for many kinds of evaluations.
3-
There are several choices to be made when considering how to collect and record observation data. one can need qualitative observations, and where qualitative data are required, the evaluators simply writes down detailed information in the form of a narrative as they are observing. the purpose of qualitative observations is to describe. while the interpretations of observations are left to the data analysis phase.
another choice to use for the observation methods is the video recording of someone's performance to collect that kind of data. the evaluator positions a video camera to record the individual's actions.
a third technique used for collecting observation methods is the use of still photographs. here the evaluator may decide to take photographs of the organization's environment, the employee's workspace, employees performing some tasks or interactions among employees.
The fourth method that can be used for that is the use of checklist or rating form. the evaluator develops a list of questions or items that will guide the observation.
4 while responding to a likert scale, some people feel compelled to put a mark somewhere in between numbers on the scale, for example between the 2 and the 3. this scale allows the responses of varying degrees to each specific survey item. it is important to provide these descriptions so that the respondents.
Qualitative interviews involve flexible, unstructured conversations to understand participants' perspectives. They are commonly used in combination with other methods like observation. Interviews can vary in structure from unstructured to semi-structured using an interview guide. Factors like number of interviews, use of visual aids, group settings, and recording methods are considered. Locating respondents, obtaining consent, and addressing issues like researcher effects are important planning considerations. Analyzing interviews involves transcription and identifying common themes.
This document provides guidance on effective interviewing techniques for investigators. It discusses preparing for interviews by creating an investigative plan, determining physical and psychological factors to influence the interview environment, and planning questioning strategies. When conducting interviews, it is important to establish rapport with interviewees, actively listen to their responses, and summarize the discussion to ensure accuracy. Different types of questioning techniques and closing the interview professionally are also discussed. The goal is to gather complete and truthful information through respectful communication.
The document provides guidance on conducting effective interviews for research purposes. It discusses preparing for an interview by developing questions and researching the interviewee. It also covers conducting the interview, including etiquette, note-taking, and flexibility. The document concludes by addressing following up with the interviewee and thanking them for their time.
The document discusses various qualitative research methods including observation, interviews, focus groups, and field surveys. It defines different types of observation including complete observer, observer as participant, participant as observer, and complete participant. It also defines in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Focus groups are used to gather people from similar backgrounds to discuss a topic guided by a moderator. Both advantages and disadvantages of focus groups and in-depth interviews are provided. Qualitative research methods are used in dental research to illuminate various areas related to patients, dental services, and the dental profession.
The document provides guidance on conducting qualitative interviews for research purposes. It discusses preparing for an interview by developing an interview guide and questions, conducting the interview, and following up after the interview. The key steps outlined are:
1) Preparing for the interview by developing an interview guide and list of open-ended questions to get factual information and meanings.
2) Conducting the interview by asking one question at a time, remaining neutral, encouraging responses, and being flexible.
3) Following up after the interview by thanking the interviewee and getting their feedback on the results.
This document discusses various data collection methods. It covers primary methods like focus groups and panels. Focus groups involve 8-10 members discussing a topic for 2 hours led by a moderator. Panels meet more than once. Secondary data sources include published materials, databases, and case studies. Common collection methods are interviews, questionnaires, and observation. Interviews can be unstructured or structured. Questionnaires can be administered in-person or via mail. Factors that impact data quality like question wording, question type, and potential biases are also reviewed.
Investigation Manual CHAPTER 6 - INTERVIEWING TABLE OF C.docxchristiandean12115
This document provides an overview of effective interview techniques for investigators. It discusses preparing for interviews by creating investigative and interview plans, determining appropriate physical and psychological factors, and deciding on the roles of interviewers. When conducting interviews, it recommends establishing rapport, actively listening, summarizing for accuracy, and closing interviews professionally. The document outlines phases of interviews and techniques for questioning witnesses to obtain full and truthful information.
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Identify
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Explain
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University of Phoenix Material
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RISK
COUNTERMEASURE
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Criticality
Total
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8/10
11/20
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Sniper attack
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6/10
10/20
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Biological weapon
1/10
9/10
10/20
Contamination equipment
Cyber virus
8/10
3/10
11/20
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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occur natural.
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
PAT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L TO O L S E R I E S.docx
1. PAT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L TO O L S E R I
E S
Monitoring and Evaluation – 2
CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS:
A Guide for Designing and
Conducting In-Depth Interviews
for Evaluation Input
By
Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate
Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate
May 2006
PAT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L TO O L S E R I
E S
Monitoring and Evaluation – 2
CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS:
A Guide for Designing and
Conducting In-Depth Interviews
for Evaluation Input
2. By
Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate
Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate
May 2006
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the following Pathfinder
employees and partners for their
technical inputs into this document: Anne Palmer (Futures
Group International), Ugo
Daniels (African Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont
(Pathfinder/Extending Service
Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunnington, and
Shannon Pryor (Pathfinder
headquarters). Jenny Wilder and Mary Burket are also thanked
for their inputs and
assistance in editing and producing this document.
2 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-
DEPTH INTERVIEWS
What is an In-Depth Interview?
In-depth interviewing is a qualitative research technique that
involves conducting intensive
individual interviews with a small number of respondents to
explore their perspectives on a
particular idea, program, or situation. For example, we might
ask participants, staff, and others
associated with a program about their experiences and
expectations related to the program, the
thoughts they have concerning program operations, processes,
3. and outcomes, and about any
changes they perceive in themselves as a result of their
involvement in the program.
When are In-Depth Interviews Appropriate?
In-depth interviews are useful when you want detailed
information about a person’s
thoughts and behaviors or want to explore new issues in depth.
Interviews are often used
to provide context to other data (such as outcome data), offering
a more complete picture
of what happened in the program and why. For example, you
may have measured an
increase in youth visits to a clinic, and through in-depth
interviews you find out that a
youth noted that she went to the clinic because she saw a new
sign outside of the clinic
advertising youth hours. You might also interview a clinic staff
member to find out their
perspective on the clinic’s “youth friendliness.”
In-depth interviews should be used in place of focus groups if
the potential participants
may not be included or comfortable talking openly in a group,
or when you want to
distinguish individual (as opposed to group) opinions about the
program. They are often
used to refine questions for future surveys of a particular group.
What are the Advantages and Limitations of In-Depth
Interviews?
The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is that they
provide much more detailed
information than what is available through other data collection
methods, such as surveys.
They also may provide a more relaxed atmosphere in which to
4. collect information—
people may feel more comfortable having a conversation with
you about their program as
opposed to filling out a survey. However, there are a few
limitations and pitfalls, each of
which is described below.
Prone to bias: Because program or clinic staff might want to
“prove” that a program is
working, their interview responses might be biased. Responses
from community members
and program participants could also be biased due to their stake
in the program or for a
number of other reasons. Every effort should be made to design
a data collection effort,
create instruments, and conduct interviews to allow for minimal
bias.
Can be time-intensive: Interviews can be a time-intensive
evaluation activity because of the
time it takes to conduct interviews, transcribe them, and analyze
the results. In planning
PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS 3
your data collection effort, care must be taken to include time
for transcription and
analysis of this detailed data.
Interviewer must be appropriately trained in interviewing
techniques: To provide the most
detailed and rich data from an interviewee, the interviewer must
make that person
5. comfortable and appear interested in what they are saying. They
must also be sure to use
effective interview techniques, such as avoiding yes/no and
leading questions, using
appropriate body language, and keeping their personal opinions
in check.
Not generalizable: When in-depth interviews are conducted,
generalizations about the results
are usually not able to be made because small samples are
chosen and random sampling
methods are not used. In-depth interviews however, provide
valuable information for
programs, particularly when supplementing other methods of
data collection. It should be
noted that the general rule on sample size for interviews is that
when the same stories,
themes, issues, and topics are emerging from the interviewees,
then a sufficient sample size
has been reached.
What is the Process for Conducting In-Depth Interviews?
The process for conducting in-depth interviews follows the
same general process as is
followed for other research: plan, develop instruments, collect
data, analyze data, and
disseminate findings. More detailed steps are given below.
1. Plan
• Identify stakeholders who will be involved.
• Identify what information is needed and from whom. (See
“What are Potential
Sources of Information?”)
6. • List stakeholders to be interviewed. Identify stakeholder
groups from national, facility,
and beneficiary levels and then identify individuals within those
groups—additional
interviewees may be identified during data collection.
Determine sample if necessary.
• Ensure research will follow international and national ethical
research standards,
including review by ethical research committees. For more
information, please see the
International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research
Involving Human Subjects,
available at
http://www.cioms.ch/frame_guidelines_nov_2002.htm.
4 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-
DEPTH INTERVIEWS
2. Develop Instruments
• Develop an interview protocol—the rules that guide the
administration and
implementation of the interviews. Put simply, these are the
instructions that are
followed for each interview, to ensure consistency between
interviews, and thus
increase the reliability of the findings. The following
instructions for the interviewer
should be included in the protocol:
•• What to say to interviewees when setting up the interview;
•• What to say to interviewees when beginning the interview,
7. including ensuring
informed consent and confidentiality of the interviewee (see
Appendix 1
for an example);
•• What to say to interviewees in concluding the interview;
•• What to do during the interview (Example: Take notes?
Audiotape? Both?); and
•• What to do following the interview (Example: Fill in notes?
Check audiotape
for clarity? Summarize key information for each? Submit
written findings?).
• Develop an interview guide that lists the questions or issues to
be explored during the
interview and includes an informed consent form. There should
be no more than 15
main questions to guide the interview, and probes should be
included where helpful (see
“Interview Question Tips”). An example is provided in
Appendix 1. Please note that you
will likely need interview guides for each group of
stakeholders, as questions may differ.
• Where necessary, translate guides into local languages and test
the translation.
Interview QuestionTips
• Questions should be open-ended rather than closed-ended. For
example, instead
of asking “Do you know about the clinic’s services?” ask
“Please describe the
clinic’s services.”
8. • You should ask factual question before opinion questions. For
example, ask, “What
activities were conducted?” before asking, “What did you think
of the activities?”
• Use probes as needed. These include:
•• Would you give me an example?
•• Can you elaborate on that idea?
•• Would you explain that further?
•• I’m not sure I understand what you’re saying.
•• Is there anything else?
PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS 5
3. Train Data Collectors
• Identify and train interviewers (see “Training Tips for Data
Collectors”1). Where
necessary, use interviewers that speak the local language.
4. Collect Data
• Set up interviews with stakeholders (be sure to explain the
purpose of the interview,
why the stakeholder has been chosen, and the expected duration
of the interview).
• Seek informed consent of the interviewee (written or
documented oral). Re-explain
the purpose of the interview, why the stakeholder has been
chosen, expected duration
of the interview, whether and how the information will be kept
9. confidential, and the
use of a note taker and/or tape recorder.
• If interviewee has consented, conduct the interview.
• Summarize key data immediately following the interview.
• Verify information given in interviews as necessary. For
example, if an interviewee
says that a clinic has a policy of not providing services to
anyone under 16, you
should verify that information on your own with the clinic.
Training Tips for Data Collectors
Staff, youth program participants, or professional interviewers
may be involved in data
collection. Regardless of what experience data collectors have,
training should include:
• An introduction to the evaluation objectives,
• A review of data collection techniques,
• A thorough review of the data collction items and instruments,
• Practice in the use of the instruments,
• Skill-building exercises on interviewing and interpersonal
communication, and
• Discussion of ethical issues.
6 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-
DEPTH INTERVIEWS
1 Adamchak, S. et.al. (2000). A Guide To Monitoring and
Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs.
Available at
http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Publication
s_FOCUS_Guides_and_Tools
10. 5. Analyze Data
• Transcribe and/or review data.
• Analyze all interview data (see “Tips on Analyzing Interview
Responses”2 ).
6. Disseminate Findings
• Write report (see “How are In-Depth Interviews Presented?”).
• Solicit feedback from interviewees and program stakeholders.
• Revise.
• Disseminate to interviewees, program stakeholders, funders,
and the community as
appropriate.
What are Potential Sources of Information?
In-depth interviews typically rely on multiple sources of
information to provide as
complete a picture as possible. Information sources could
include:
• Policy Makers • Program Participants/Clients
• Project Staff • Community Members
• Clinic Staff
When choosing interviewees, one should consider a sample that
best represents the diverse
stakeholders and opinions of those stakeholders. The general
rule about interviewing is that
you will know when you have done enough when you hear the
same information from a
number of stakeholders.
11. Tips on Analyzing Interview Responses
• Read through the interview responses and look for patterns or
themes among
the partcipants.
• If you get a variety of themes, see if you can group them in
any meaningful
way, such as by type of participant. You may, for example, find
that younger
participants tend to think and feel differently from older ones or
that men
and women respond differently.
• You can also identify the responses that seem to have been
given with enthusiasm, as
opposed to those that the participants answered in only a few
words.
PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS 7
2 University of California San Francisco’s Center for AIDS
Prevention Studies. (1998). Good Questions, Better Answers.
California
Department of Health Services and Northern California
Grantmakers AIDS Task Force. Available at
http://goodquestions.ucsf.edu
How are In-Depth Interviews Presented?
In-depth interviews are flexible in that they can be presented in
a number of ways—there
is no specific format to follow. However, like all evaluation
12. results, justification and
methodology of the study should be provided, as well as any
supporting information
(i.e. copies of instruments and guides used in the study). In-
depth interview data may
stand alone or be included in a larger evaluation report. If
presented as a stand-alone
report, the following outline is suggested:
1. Introduction and Justification
2. Methodology
a. How was the process carried out? (Describe the process of
selecting the interviewees
and conducting the interviews.)
b. What assumptions are there (if any)?
c. Are there any limitations with this method?
d. What instruments were used to collect data? (You may want
to include some or all
in the appendix.)
e. What sample(s) is/are being used?
f. Over which period of time was this data collected?
3. Results
a. What are the key findings?
b. What were the strengths and limitations of the information?
c. Where and how are the results similar and dissimilar to other
findings (if other
studies have been done)?
4. Conclusion and Recommendations
5. Appendices (including the interview guide(s))
In presenting results of in-depth interviews, you need to use
13. care in presenting the data
and use qualitative descriptors rather than try to “quantify” the
information. You might
consider using qualifiers such as “the prevalent feeling was that
. . .,” or “several participants
strongly felt that . . .,” or even “most participants agreed that . .
.” Numbers and
percentages sometimes convey the impression that results can
be projected to a population,
and this is not within the capabilities of this qualitative research
procedure.
8 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-
DEPTH INTERVIEWS
Providing quotes from respondents throughout the report adds
credibility to the
information. Do be careful that you don’t identify the
respondent or provide quotes
that are easily traced back to an individual, especially if you
have promised
confidentiality. For example, if you have interviewed only one
youth as part of your
sample, and in the report you note that, “one respondent
described the program as
having no impact on accessibility for youth because the services
are ‘way too expensive
for someone my age,’” it would be clear to the reader that the
quote was from the
youth. Ensure that you have a good sample of interviewees
and/or ask permission from
the interviewee before including quotes such as these.
Data can be displayed in tables, boxes, and figures to make it
14. easier to read. For example, if
you have a number of quotes that you want to highlight, you
might want to display them
in a box like the one below.
You could also highlight recommendations made by your key
stakeholders in a table such
as this.
Key Stakeholder Recommendations for Improving ASRH
1. Train more outreach peers so that they can reach more youth
outside the clinics.
2. Provide more assistance in implementing action plans for
clinic improvements.
3. Community mobilization efforts are neded to enhance future
work.
Examples of youth friendly staff interactions
“She taught me a lot and made funny jokes.” — female, age 16
“He said to feel at home with a big smile.” — male, age 14
“They greeted me with a smile and showed me where to go.” —
female, age 17
PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-DEPTH
INTERVIEWS 9
Where Can More Information on In-Depth Interviews be Found?
Adamchak, S., et. al. (2000). A Guide To Monitoring and
Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive
Health Programs. Available at
http://www.pathfind.org/site/PageServer?pagename=
Publications_FOCUS_Guides_and_Tools
15. Patton, Michael Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation
Methods. Thousand Oaks:
Sage Publications.
Prairie Research Associates, Inc. (2001). The In-Depth
Interview. Prairie Research
Associates, Inc. (TechNotes). Available at
http://www.pra.ca/resources/indepth.pdf
United States Agency for International Development’s Center
for Development
Information and Evaluation. (1996). Conducting Key Informant
Interviews. (Performance
Monitoring and Evaluation TIPS) Available at
http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/usaid_eval/
pdf_docs/pnabs541.pdf
University of California San Francisco’s Center for AIDS
Prevention Studies. (1998).
Good Questions, Better Answers. California Department of
Health Services and Northern
California Grantmakers AIDS Task Force. Available at
http://goodquestions.ucsf.edu
10 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: CONDUCTING IN-
DEPTH INTERVIEWS
Appendix 1: Sample Key Stakeholder Interview Guide
The following is an example of an interview guide that you
might use with key staff
members of your program, to determine what they found to be
the strengths and
weaknesses of the initiative. Interview guides should contain an
16. introduction (including
informed consent), a set of questions, and closing comments, as
illustrated in this example.
PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: SAMPLE KEY
STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEW GUIDE 11
Introduction Key
Components:
• Thank you
• Your name
• Purpose
• Confidentiality
• Duration
• How interview will
be conducted
• Opportunity for
questions
• Signature of
consent
I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me today.
My name is ____________________________ and I would like
to talk to you about your experiences participating in the
African
Youth Alliance (AYA) project. Specifically, as one of the
components of our overall program evaluation we are assessing
program effectiveness in order to capture lessons that can be
17. used
in future interventions.
The interview should take less than an hour. I will be taping the
session because I don’t want to miss any of your comments.
Although I will be taking some notes during the session, I can’t
possibly write fast enough to get it all down. Because we’re on
tape,
please be sure to speak up so that we don’t miss your comments.
All responses will be kept confidential. This means that your
interview responses will only be shared with research team
members and we will ensure that any information we include in
our report does not identify you as the respondent. Remember,
you don’t have to talk about anything you don’t want to and you
may end the interview at any time.
Are there any questions about what I have just explained?
Are you willing to participate in this interview?
__________________ __________________ __________
Interviewee Witness Date
______________________________________
Legal guardian (if interviewee is under 18)
12 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL: SAMPLE KEY
STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEW GUIDE
Questions
• No more than
15 open-ended
18. questions
• Ask factual before
opinion
• Use probes as
needed
Closing Key
Components:
• Additional
comments
• Next steps
• Thank you
1. What YFS strategies (e.g., facility assessment and quality
improvement process, other), interventions (preservice training,
facility strengthening, training of facility supervisors, training
of
outreach staff, NTCDs, service providers, community and
stakeholder mobilization, other), and tools were used (facility
assessment tool, curricula, etc)? Please list.
2. Which of these strategies, interventions and tools would you
consider to be key program elements? Please explain.
3. To what extent did participation in the AYA UNFPA,
Pathfinder,
PATH partnership advance or hinder project implementation?
Please explain.
4. What worked well? Please elaborate.
19. 5. What would you do differently next time? Please explain
why.
6. What strategies, interventions, tools, etc., would you
recommend be sustained and/or scaled up? Please provide a
justification for your response.
7. What strategies, interventions, tools should be discontinued?
Why?
8. What were some barriers, if any, that you encountered?
Staff turnover? Lack of key support? Lack of technical
assistance?
9. How did you overcome the barrier(s)?
10. What effect, if any, do you feel the AYA project had on the
community in which you work?
Increased use of services by youth? Increased knowledge of
youth-
friendly services by clinic staff? Changes to the clinic(s) to
make
them more youth friendly?
11. What recommendations do you have for future efforts such
as these?
Is there anything more you would like to add?
I’ll be analyzing the information you and others gave me and
submitting a draft report to the organization in one month. I’ll
be
happy to send you a copy to review at that time, if you are
interested.
Thank you for your time.