obasnjenje o vremenu.

1. PASSIVE VOICE
P R O F E S O R : M A R I J A J O V I Ć
S T U D E N T: M I L I C A S TA M E N K O V I Ć 7 / 2 2 - М - F M - 0 2

2. PASIV SE UPOTREBLJAVA:
• Kada je vršilac radnje nepoznat, nevažan ili očigledan iz konteksta.
– Jane was shot. (Ne zna se ko ju je upucao)
– This church was built in 1815. (Vršilac radnje nije bitan)
– He has been arrested. (Vršilac radnje je očigledan)
• Takođe upotrebljava se u cilju ljubaznijeg ili formalnijeg izražavanja
– The car hasn’t been cleaned. (ljubaznije u odnosu na: You haven’t cleaned the car.)
• Kada je radnja bitnija nego vršilac radnje, na primer u slučaju procesa, uputstva,
događaja, izveštaja, naslova, novinskih članaka i reklama.
– 30 people were killed in the earthquake.
• Kada se stavlja akcenat na vršioca radnje.
– The new library will be opened by the Queen.

3. VRŠILAC RADNJE
• Pasivno stanje se u rečenici koristi kada smo zainteresovani za osobu ili predmet nad
kojom se vrši radnja ili za samu radnju, ali ne i za vršioca radnje.
• Subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje ’agent’ pasivne rečenice koji je vrlo često izostavljen
ali kada želimo da ga spomenemo uvodimo ga uz pomoć predloga ’by’.
• Objekat aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice.

4. VRŠILAC RADNJE
The room was cleaned.
Ukoliko želimo da naglasimo vršioca
radnje:
The room was cleaned, by my mum.
This tree was planted.
Ukoliko želimo da naglasimo vršioca
radnje:
This tree was planted, by Simon.
My car was stolen.
Ukoliko želimo da naglasimo vršioca
radnje:
My car was stolen, by Mina.

5. KADA SE VRŠILAC RADNJE IZOSTAVLJA?
Vršilac radnje se izostavlja:
• Ako je vršilac radnje nepoznat
– Our car was stolen last night. (Ne znamo ko ga he ukrao)
• Ne zanima nas ko je vršilac radnje ili isti nije bitan
– He has been taken to hospital. (Ono što je bitno je sam događaj)
• Može se zaključiti iz konteksta vršilac radnje
– The murderer was arrested last night. (Nije potrebno napomenuti da je uhapšen od strane
policije).
• Subjekat aktivne rečenice je somebody, people, they, you, itd
– Someone broke the window. - The window was broken.

6. KAKO GRADIMO PASIV?
• Pasiv se gradi od glagola to be (u vremenu u kom je glavni glagol u aktivnoj
rečenici) i participa prošlog (past participle) glavnog glagola.
• Our house was built in 2003.
• The package has been delivered.
• The new gallery will be opened in June.
• Too many crimes are commited every year.
• Tony is being questioned by the police.
• The police station was still being built in 2005.
• A homeless shelter has just been opened in my town.
• Someone told me I had been seen at the crime scene.
• He will be sentenced to at least ten years in prison.

7. PROMENA REČENICE IZ AKTIVA U PASIV
• Rečenicu iz aktiva prebacujemo u pasiv na taj način što objekat aktivne rečenice
prelazi u subjekat pasivne rečenice.
• Glagol prelazi iz aktivnog oblika u pasivni, dok glagolsko vreme ostaje nepromenjeno.
• Subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje vršilac radnje u pasivnoj. Stavljamo ga na kraj
rečenoce uz predlog by.

8. Tense Active Pasive
Present Simple My boyfriend decorates the room The room is decorated
Present Continuous My boyfriend is decorating the room. The room is being decorated.
Past Simple My boyfriend decorated the room. The room was decorated.
Past Continuous My boyfriend was decorating the room. The room was being decorated.
Present Perfect My boyfriend has just decorated the
room.
The room has just been decorated
Past Perfect My boyfriend had decorated the room. The room had been decorated.
Future simple My boyfriend will decorate the room. The room will be decorated.
Future-going to My boyfriend is going to decorate the
room.
The room is going to be decorated.
Must My boyfriend must decorate the room. The room must be decorated.

9. BY OR WITH?
• Predlog by upotrebljavamo uz vršioca radnje.
– The door was opened by Mr. Black.
• Predlog with upotrebljavamo uz instrument, predmet ili materijal koji se
koristi u okviru određene radnje.
– The door was opened with a key.
– The omelette was made with eggs, cheese and peppers.

10. GLAGOLI SA DVA OBJEKTA
• Ukoliko glagol koji se javlja u rečenici ima dva objekta (na primer give somebody something), aktivnu
rečenicu možemo promeniti u pasivnu na jedan od sledeća dva načina:
– Nepravi (indirektni) objekat postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice
– Pravi (direktni) objekat postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice
 Rick give me (nepravi objekat) this book (pravi objekat).
 I was given this book by Rick.
 This book was given to me by Rick.
• Neki od glagola koji imaju dva objekta: give, tell, send, show, bring, write, offer, pay itd.
• Ukoliko se nepravi objekat nalazi posle glagola u pasivnoj rečenici, ispred tog objekta stoji predlog
to.
 The e-mail was sent to Richard.
• Ukoliko je nepravi objekat aktivne rečenice lična zamenica u objekatskom obliku, prilikom
transformacije aktivne rečenice u pasivnu ova zamenica prelazi u svoj subjekatski oblik.
 John gave her the flowers. - She was given the flowers.

11. PASIV KOD UPITNIH REČENICA
• Obratiti pažnju na red reči
• Rečenice prvo prebacite u potvrdan oblik, a zatim pravite pasivnu rečenicu. Na ovaj
način ćete postupno doći do rešenja.
• Aktivna rečenica: Do they sell fruit here?
• 1 Prvo rečenicu, koja je u ovom slučaju upitna, prebacujete u potvrdan oblik:
• Do they sell fruit here? -They sell fruit here.
• 2. Zatim tu potvrdnu rečenicu prebacujete u pasivan oblik
• They sell fruit here. - Fruit is sold here.
• 3. Na kraju, od te dobijene pasivne recenice pravite upitnu pasivnu rečenciu
inverzijom, tj. zamenite mesta pomoćnom glagolu i subjektu:
• Fruit is sold here. - Is fruit sold here?

12. PASIV KOD ODRIČNIH REČENICA
• Na isti način ćete praviti i odrične pasivne rečenice.
• The fire did not destroy their house.
• The fire destroyed their house.
• Their house was destroyed by the fire.
• Their house was not destroyed by the fire.

13. HVALA NA PAŽNJI!