Passes in the compilers are the essential part in any system as it works with Phases. Two main types of compiler are:- One pass or single pass and Two pass or multi pass compilers.

1. Passes
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2. Single Pass
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3. Contd.
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4. Two Pass
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5. Comparison
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6. Multi pass
• Passes
1. Several phases of compilers are grouped into passes.
2 . Other passes generates an explicit output file.
3. In each pass the whole input file/source is processed.
Syntax Analyser
Lexical analyser Intermediate code generator
--Semantic analyser
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7. Contd…..
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8. Load and Go
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9. Contd….
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10. Debugging
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11. Bootstraping
• Bootstrapping is the process of writing a compiler
(or assembler) in the source programming language
that it intends to compile.
• Many compilers for many programming languages
are bootstrapped, including compilers for-
• BASIC, Algol, C, D, Pascal, PL/I, Factor, Haskell,
Modula-2, Oberon, OCaml, Common Lisp, Scheme,
Go, Java, Rust, Python, Scala, Nim, Eiffel, and more.
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12. List Of Compilers
• Compiler is program that translate (either from source code,
byte code to another source code, byte code, or binary), for
example:
• gcc
• clang
• javac
• go (compiler)
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13. • Interpreter is program that executes source
code or byte code, for example:
• ruby (interpreter)
• python (interpreter)
• php (interpreter)
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14. CONTD…
• 1 Ada compilers
• 2 ALGOL compilers
• 3 Assemblers (Intel *86)
• 4 Assemblers (Motorola 68*)
• 5 Assemblers (Zilog Z80)
• 6 Assemblers (other)
• 7 BASIC Compilers
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