Partially contained databases in SQL Server 2012 allow databases to be migrated or restored without having to move logins, as the database authentication is self-contained within the database rather than relying on the instance authentication. This means a contained database can be ready for use immediately after being migrated or restored to a new server, without additional steps to identify and move logins. However, some uncontained entities like the db_owner role are still linked to the instance rather than contained within the database.