The document provides an introduction to web development and HTML. It begins with prerequisites for web development including basic hardware, an operating system, a web browser, code editor, and programming basics. It then discusses the differences between the world wide web and the internet, explaining that the web uses HTML and servers to connect documents while the internet is a global network. The document outlines the seven layers of the OSI model and focuses on the network, transport, and application layers. It introduces HTML as the standard markup language for web pages and common HTML tags.
Advanced Web Design And Development BIT 3207Lori Head
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Dart Past Your Competition by Getting Your Digital Experience into Market Fas...Perficient, Inc.
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The document provides an overview of web technologies including HTML, CSS, XML, and JSON. It discusses the structure of HTML documents and common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. It also describes how the internet and world wide web work using client-server architecture and HTTP protocol. Key topics covered include website planning, design issues, and choosing appropriate technologies based on factors like content type and audience.
Many are eagerly waiting for HTML5. What about you? Are you ready for this phase of advanced browsing experience and interactions; Are you ready to engage and delight your customers with a unique experience?
Cygnet Infotech welcomes you to this webinar to help you gear up for the "What", "When" and "Why" about HTML5. Join this 35 min session to learn more.
What You Will Learn in this Webinar
- HTML5 - What is it all about
- Reasons for moving to HTML5
- The Top 10 Tags in HTML5
- Browser Support for HTML5
- Working with HTML5
- How to move current websites to HTML5
- HTML5 for Mobile Applications
- Q&A
If you want to us to cover anything specific in this webinar, leave your message or suggestions at http://www.cygnet-infotech.com/webinars/html5-are-you-ready-for-it
This document provides an overview of website structure, common internet protocols, and some common web vulnerabilities. It defines what a website is and its components. It describes protocols like IP, HTTP, HTTPS and their roles. It explains public vs private IP addresses and HTTP status codes and methods. The document then discusses vulnerabilities like HTML injection, SQL injection, and buffer overflow attacks that can be used to bypass authentication or execute code on a server. It provides examples of how these attacks work at a high level.
Tech Ed Africa Share Point Infra FundamentalsJoel Oleson
This document summarizes a presentation by Joel Oleson on best practices for SharePoint physical and information architecture fundamentals. The presentation covers logical and physical architecture, including the core components like web applications, site collections, and servers roles. It discusses common deployment models and topologies. It also addresses common mistakes and provides resources for learning more about SharePoint architecture.
Advanced Web Design And Development BIT 3207Lori Head
This document provides an overview of the key concepts for the Advanced Web Design and Development course (BIT 3207). It lists recommended books and motivation for learning web design. It then covers network fundamentals including IP, IP addressing, transport layer protocols, TCP connections, HTTP protocol, URLs, status codes and methods. It also discusses client-side components like browsers, HTML, HTML5, XML and JavaScript. On the server-side it covers servers, web servers, CGI, JSP, ASP/PHP and databases. It concludes with an explanation of 3-tier architecture and the layers of presentation, application and data.
Dart Past Your Competition by Getting Your Digital Experience into Market Fas...Perficient, Inc.
During the 2015 IBM Digital Experience, Mark Polly, Perficient Director, Strategic Advisors for Portal, Social, Web Content, demonstrated how you can dart past your competition by getting your digital experience into market faster than ever before.
This document summarizes a presentation about using InfoPath to build business solutions in SharePoint. The presentation covers InfoPath and its uses in SharePoint, including browser-based forms. It also discusses InfoPath deployment options and alternatives to InfoPath. The presentation demonstrates creating InfoPath forms and lists, and evaluates when InfoPath is the best choice compared to other options.
The document provides an overview of web technologies including HTML, CSS, XML, and JSON. It discusses the structure of HTML documents and common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. It also describes how the internet and world wide web work using client-server architecture and HTTP protocol. Key topics covered include website planning, design issues, and choosing appropriate technologies based on factors like content type and audience.
Many are eagerly waiting for HTML5. What about you? Are you ready for this phase of advanced browsing experience and interactions; Are you ready to engage and delight your customers with a unique experience?
Cygnet Infotech welcomes you to this webinar to help you gear up for the "What", "When" and "Why" about HTML5. Join this 35 min session to learn more.
What You Will Learn in this Webinar
- HTML5 - What is it all about
- Reasons for moving to HTML5
- The Top 10 Tags in HTML5
- Browser Support for HTML5
- Working with HTML5
- How to move current websites to HTML5
- HTML5 for Mobile Applications
- Q&A
If you want to us to cover anything specific in this webinar, leave your message or suggestions at http://www.cygnet-infotech.com/webinars/html5-are-you-ready-for-it
This document provides an overview of website structure, common internet protocols, and some common web vulnerabilities. It defines what a website is and its components. It describes protocols like IP, HTTP, HTTPS and their roles. It explains public vs private IP addresses and HTTP status codes and methods. The document then discusses vulnerabilities like HTML injection, SQL injection, and buffer overflow attacks that can be used to bypass authentication or execute code on a server. It provides examples of how these attacks work at a high level.
Tech Ed Africa Share Point Infra FundamentalsJoel Oleson
This document summarizes a presentation by Joel Oleson on best practices for SharePoint physical and information architecture fundamentals. The presentation covers logical and physical architecture, including the core components like web applications, site collections, and servers roles. It discusses common deployment models and topologies. It also addresses common mistakes and provides resources for learning more about SharePoint architecture.
This document provides an agenda and overview for an introductory course on web development. The course will cover the hardware and protocols that power the internet, including how typing a URL leads to loading a webpage. It will introduce concepts like IP addresses, DNS, routers, servers, and HTTP. The instructor's background and course structure are outlined, which involves weekly lectures, exercises, and group projects building websites and backend services. Previews of upcoming modules show topics will include JavaScript, databases, APIs, and pitching projects.
Code for Startup MVP (Ruby on Rails) Session 1Henry S
First Session on Learning to Code for Startup MVP's using Ruby on Rails.
This session covers the web architecture, Git/GitHub and makes a real rails app that is deployed to Heroku at the end.
Thanks,
Henry
This document provides information from a SharePoint Saturday event. It includes instructions for attendees, thanks to event sponsors, and a poll for where attendees should meet afterwards. It also includes background on the speaker and slides from their presentation on using InfoPath forms with SharePoint.
This document provides an overview and agenda for an introductory course on web development. It introduces the basic hardware and protocols that power the internet, including switches, routers, IP addresses, DNS, and HTTP. It outlines the course goals of introducing web development teams and processes. The course structure is described, including weekly lectures, exercises, and group projects. The instructor's background is provided. Homework involving a video, system profiling, and setting up accounts is assigned to prepare for the next class.
The document provides an overview of key web technologies including:
- The World Wide Web (WWW) is a global system of interconnected documents accessed via URLs over HTTP. It consists of web servers that host content and web browsers that render pages.
- HTTP is the fundamental protocol of the WWW. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests that servers respond to. Common requests are GET to retrieve resources and POST to submit data.
- Cookies are small pieces of data stored by the client that are included in future HTTP requests to maintain state across interactions.
Presentation given at the T44U 2013 conference. The presentation covers the work at the University of Bristol on the Prospectus Editing Tool (PET) and the experiences of using the T4 API.
The document outlines topics related to web development including introductions to HTML, CSS, XML, JSON, and other web technologies. It discusses internet infrastructure, the world wide web, and how websites are planned and designed. The document also provides an outline and overview of key elements of HTML like headings, paragraphs, colors, fonts, links, and images.
The document outlines topics related to web development including introductions to HTML, CSS, XML, JSON, and other web technologies. It discusses internet infrastructure, the world wide web, and how websites are planned and designed. The document also provides an outline and overview of key elements of HTML like headings, paragraphs, colors, fonts, links, and images.
[WSO2 Integration Summit Nairobi 2019] Role of Integration in an API Driven W...WSO2
This document discusses the role of integration in an API-driven world. It covers why APIs are important for digital transformation and new revenue opportunities. It describes code-first and contract-first API design approaches. The document also discusses using an integration gateway as an "API facade" and how the WSO2 Enterprise Integrator can serve this role. Additional topics covered include API implementation strategies, a case study of a "Super City" implementing an API initiative, and capabilities of the WSO2 Enterprise Integrator and Micro Integrator for API-driven integration.
Prospectus editing at the University of Bristol- an overview:TERMINALFOUR t44...Terminalfour
Prospectus Editing Tool at the University of Bristol. Mike Jones from the University of Bristol outlines how the University is improving the process of collating and editing content for the production of the 2015 undergraduate and postgraduate prospectuses. This session outlines the rationale, the approach, the technologies involved and it's experiences with the TERMINALFOUR Site Manager API.
Baabtra.com template_Basics about Internet_jijojosephJijo Joseph
The document provides an introduction to the internet. It describes the internet as a worldwide network of computers connected by wired or wireless connections. It then discusses how the internet was developed from the ARPANET system created by the US Department of Defense. It also explains how the internet works through servers, browsers, and internet service providers. It provides details on topics like IP addresses, wired and wireless internet connections, domain names, and common uses of the internet.
The document provides an introduction to the internet. It describes the internet as a worldwide network of computers connected by wired or wireless connections. It then discusses how the internet was developed from the ARPANET system created by the US Department of Defense. It also explains how the internet works through servers, browsers, and internet service providers. It provides details on topics like IP addresses, wired and wireless internet connections, domain names, and common uses of the internet.
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StratusForms is a free jQuery library for building robust SharePoint forms. If you are familiar with HTML, CSS and JavaScript then StratusForms is a good alternative to InfoPath for forms creation. I will discuss it's features, limitations and a quick comparison of StratusForms and PowerApps.
Basic computers for DIU laptop project studentsAlauddin Azad
The workshop aims to provide career awareness to DIU students by covering basic computer skills and careers. Topics include computer hardware, software, the internet, networks and careers. It will discuss components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive and operating systems. Applications like Microsoft Office will be demonstrated. The internet, protocols, websites and search engines will be introduced. Networking concepts such as topologies, devices and addressing will be explained. The workshop aims to help students understand computer fundamentals and apply online for jobs.
Week 1 - Interactive News Editing and Producingkurtgessler
This document provides an overview and introduction to an interactive news editing and production class. It includes an agenda for the first class covering introductions, class logistics, how the web works, HTML basics, narrative storytelling, and assigning homework. The class will focus on hands-on workshops and assignments with no final project. Grading will be based on homework, workshops, and engagement. Students are expected to have certain software and accounts. The core concepts that will be covered include the fundamentals of how the web works, HTML, CSS, digital storytelling, data visualization, social media, and analytics.
Konsep pembangunan tapak web & laman webAhmad Faizar
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Menyediakan satu tapak & laman web dengan menggunakan aplikasi web page editor
Menghantar web page yang telah siap ke laman web percuma
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
This document provides an agenda and overview for an introductory course on web development. The course will cover the hardware and protocols that power the internet, including how typing a URL leads to loading a webpage. It will introduce concepts like IP addresses, DNS, routers, servers, and HTTP. The instructor's background and course structure are outlined, which involves weekly lectures, exercises, and group projects building websites and backend services. Previews of upcoming modules show topics will include JavaScript, databases, APIs, and pitching projects.
Code for Startup MVP (Ruby on Rails) Session 1Henry S
First Session on Learning to Code for Startup MVP's using Ruby on Rails.
This session covers the web architecture, Git/GitHub and makes a real rails app that is deployed to Heroku at the end.
Thanks,
Henry
This document provides information from a SharePoint Saturday event. It includes instructions for attendees, thanks to event sponsors, and a poll for where attendees should meet afterwards. It also includes background on the speaker and slides from their presentation on using InfoPath forms with SharePoint.
This document provides an overview and agenda for an introductory course on web development. It introduces the basic hardware and protocols that power the internet, including switches, routers, IP addresses, DNS, and HTTP. It outlines the course goals of introducing web development teams and processes. The course structure is described, including weekly lectures, exercises, and group projects. The instructor's background is provided. Homework involving a video, system profiling, and setting up accounts is assigned to prepare for the next class.
The document provides an overview of key web technologies including:
- The World Wide Web (WWW) is a global system of interconnected documents accessed via URLs over HTTP. It consists of web servers that host content and web browsers that render pages.
- HTTP is the fundamental protocol of the WWW. It uses a request-response model where clients make requests that servers respond to. Common requests are GET to retrieve resources and POST to submit data.
- Cookies are small pieces of data stored by the client that are included in future HTTP requests to maintain state across interactions.
Presentation given at the T44U 2013 conference. The presentation covers the work at the University of Bristol on the Prospectus Editing Tool (PET) and the experiences of using the T4 API.
The document outlines topics related to web development including introductions to HTML, CSS, XML, JSON, and other web technologies. It discusses internet infrastructure, the world wide web, and how websites are planned and designed. The document also provides an outline and overview of key elements of HTML like headings, paragraphs, colors, fonts, links, and images.
The document outlines topics related to web development including introductions to HTML, CSS, XML, JSON, and other web technologies. It discusses internet infrastructure, the world wide web, and how websites are planned and designed. The document also provides an outline and overview of key elements of HTML like headings, paragraphs, colors, fonts, links, and images.
[WSO2 Integration Summit Nairobi 2019] Role of Integration in an API Driven W...WSO2
This document discusses the role of integration in an API-driven world. It covers why APIs are important for digital transformation and new revenue opportunities. It describes code-first and contract-first API design approaches. The document also discusses using an integration gateway as an "API facade" and how the WSO2 Enterprise Integrator can serve this role. Additional topics covered include API implementation strategies, a case study of a "Super City" implementing an API initiative, and capabilities of the WSO2 Enterprise Integrator and Micro Integrator for API-driven integration.
Prospectus editing at the University of Bristol- an overview:TERMINALFOUR t44...Terminalfour
Prospectus Editing Tool at the University of Bristol. Mike Jones from the University of Bristol outlines how the University is improving the process of collating and editing content for the production of the 2015 undergraduate and postgraduate prospectuses. This session outlines the rationale, the approach, the technologies involved and it's experiences with the TERMINALFOUR Site Manager API.
Baabtra.com template_Basics about Internet_jijojosephJijo Joseph
The document provides an introduction to the internet. It describes the internet as a worldwide network of computers connected by wired or wireless connections. It then discusses how the internet was developed from the ARPANET system created by the US Department of Defense. It also explains how the internet works through servers, browsers, and internet service providers. It provides details on topics like IP addresses, wired and wireless internet connections, domain names, and common uses of the internet.
The document provides an introduction to the internet. It describes the internet as a worldwide network of computers connected by wired or wireless connections. It then discusses how the internet was developed from the ARPANET system created by the US Department of Defense. It also explains how the internet works through servers, browsers, and internet service providers. It provides details on topics like IP addresses, wired and wireless internet connections, domain names, and common uses of the internet.
Quick & Easy SharePoint Forms with StratusFormsApril Dunnam
StratusForms is a free jQuery library for building robust SharePoint forms. If you are familiar with HTML, CSS and JavaScript then StratusForms is a good alternative to InfoPath for forms creation. I will discuss it's features, limitations and a quick comparison of StratusForms and PowerApps.
Basic computers for DIU laptop project studentsAlauddin Azad
The workshop aims to provide career awareness to DIU students by covering basic computer skills and careers. Topics include computer hardware, software, the internet, networks and careers. It will discuss components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive and operating systems. Applications like Microsoft Office will be demonstrated. The internet, protocols, websites and search engines will be introduced. Networking concepts such as topologies, devices and addressing will be explained. The workshop aims to help students understand computer fundamentals and apply online for jobs.
Week 1 - Interactive News Editing and Producingkurtgessler
This document provides an overview and introduction to an interactive news editing and production class. It includes an agenda for the first class covering introductions, class logistics, how the web works, HTML basics, narrative storytelling, and assigning homework. The class will focus on hands-on workshops and assignments with no final project. Grading will be based on homework, workshops, and engagement. Students are expected to have certain software and accounts. The core concepts that will be covered include the fundamentals of how the web works, HTML, CSS, digital storytelling, data visualization, social media, and analytics.
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Menghantar web page yang telah siap ke laman web percuma
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
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3. Prerequisites
• Basic Hardware
• Desktop OS – Windows, GNU/Linux or macOS
• Python
• Web Browser - Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome
• Code Editor – Notepad++, VS Code, Sublime etc.
• Basics of Programming – CS101
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
4. What is the World Wide Web?
• What we see in a Web Browser!
• HTML – not really
• A set of documents connected to each other.
• A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents,
supporting links to other documents as well as graphics, audio and video
files.
• Are Web and Internet synonymous? – No!
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
5. What is the Internet?
• A lot of connected devices – a network – which talk to each other
• A global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay Courtesy – Google
6. The Seven Layers of OSI*
1. Physical Layer
2. Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay * Open Systems Interconnection model
7. The Network Layer
• Addressing (IPV4/IPV6)
• Routing
• Path Planning
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
8. Internet Protocol
• What is a protocol – standardized communication
• Headers and body of packets
• Protocol used by the network layer
• Each device has a unique IP Address – like your postal address
• 32-bits – xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (in IPv4)
• Best effort
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
9. The Network Layer
• A B – A and B can talk – we already have this
• A B … C
• A B … B C
• A B … B C … A C
• What if D comes up? - 4C2 = 6
• Eventually … 50C2 = 1225 … 300C2 = 44850
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
10. Relaying Information
• A B C D
• Or maybe A B C, D
• Routers – devices designed for this – B
• Switches – Layer 2
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
11. The Seven Layers of OSI
1. Physical Layer
2. Link Layer
3. Network Layer ✔
4. Transport Layer
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
12. The Transport Layer
• Flow Control
• Error Control
• Congestion control
• Order of receiving - multiple paths of communication
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
13. Transmission Control Protocol
• Built into Operating Systems – with standards
• Performs error detection/correction
• Ensures correct ordering of data
• Allows multiple applications to communicate with Ports
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
14. Port
• 16-bit number – 0 to 65535
• Outgoing and incoming ports
• Can receive multiple connections on one port
• 4-tuple – identifying a unique connection
• IP Address of A
• Port of A
• IP Address of B
• Port of B
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
17. The Seven Layers of OSI
1. Physical Layer
2. Link Layer
3. Network Layer ✔
4. Transport Layer ✔
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
18. The Application Layer
• Multiple protocols like HTTP, FTP etc.
• HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• Can transfer any type of content
• Primarily for text – Hypertext i.e. with Hyperlinks
• Protocol takes care of only transferring data
• Understood by Web Browsers
• Not the same as HTML – HTML is usually transferred over HTTP
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
19. HyperText Transfer Protocol
• Headers
• What is being transferred - URL
• Size of content
• Type of file – MIME* type
• Extra information related to server
• Extra information related to content
• Body
• Actual contents of the file – the message
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
*Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
20. Uniform Resource Locator
• Reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer
network
• Usually used with HTTP
• Send as part of HTTP header when requesting a resource
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
21. Uniform Resource Locator
• scheme://authority/path?query#fragment
authority = userinfo@host:port
• scheme – usually http, can be ftp etc.
• path – path of resource we want - known
• port is usually (and defaults to) 80
• query – for passing extra information
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
22. Uniform Resource Locator
• http://www.iitb.ac.in/newacadhome/timetable.jsp
• http:// using Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• www.iitb.ac.in authority
• port not specified 80
• “resolves” (see DNS) to an IP like 10.102.1.111
• newacadhome/timetable.jsp path
• No query or fragment specified
• Server sends a response with the requested page
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
23. Web Browser
• Takes in a URL and makes an HTTP request for you
• Receives the content and understands it
• Displays it to the user
• Allows the user to interact with the received content
• Makes more requests
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
24. The Seven Layers of OSI
1. Physical Layer
2. Link Layer
3. Network Layer ✔
4. Transport Layer ✔
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer ✔
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
25. HyperText Markup Language
• A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is
syntactically distinguishable from the text
• Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for creating
web pages and web applications
• HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages
• Represented by tags
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay Courtesy – W3Schools
26. HTML Tags
• HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so
on
• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the
page
• For example
• <b> - Make the text bold
• <p> - Begin a new paragraph
• Closed as </tag> e.g. <b>This is bold</b>
• Just syntax
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay Courtesy – W3Schools
27. Basic HTML Skeleton
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
28. <a> and <img>
•Things to note:
•href and src are attributes, the expressions in quotes are values
•One tag can have one or more attributes (or none)
•Attributes control content in the tag
•img has no end tag
•image.jpg indicates same path as the open page
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
<a href="http://www.iitb.ac.in/newacadhome/timetable.jsp">
IITB Timetable
</a>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="My Image" width="104" height="142">
29. Tag nesting
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
<ul> - Unordered List
<li> - List Item
<ol> - Ordered List
• Coffee
• Tea
• Milk
30. List of common tags (Non-exhaustive)
• <html> - HTML document
• <body> - Main body
• <h1> - Biggest heading, <h2>, <h3> are progressively smaller
• <b> - Bold text
• <a> - Hyperlink
• <img> - Image - no end tag
• <button> - Button!
• <div> - Division
• <p> - Paragraph
• <br> - Line Break - no end tag
• <pre> - Preformatted texT
Web Development TSS 2019 - Parth Patil, IIT Bombay
If A and C are connected directly, it isn’t a big problem. But if not, need a unique identifier.
Remember – information can now be transmitted from any computer to the other, not matter how they’re connected
On campus
Connected by single links
Can communicate with letter/objects
Fortunately we have carriers who carry these but only on their path
Assume only one person in each hostel
H7 – H10
Pass to H8 and onforth. Reply will trace back
More people come
Can still communicate with ports
Can communicate simultaneous with multiple people
Multiple paths - ordering