The purpose of this study was to determine how parenting contributes to deviancy in school among students at Bokamoso Junior Secondary School. The study was a descriptive survey in which a questionnaire was administered to Form 2 and Form 3 students of Bokamoso Secondary School to collect data. The results were then presented using mean and standard deviation. The results showed that majority of students were male around the age of 16-20 years. The results further revealed that parental involvement has a significant influence on students being deviant, which was given by an average mean of 2.55 which is above the criterion mean of 2.50 and average standard deviation of 0.572. It was concluded that parenting is factor associated with a deviancy amongst students at Bokamoso Secondary School. It was therefore recommended that they should be a joint disciplinary council consisting of parents or guardian, teachers and school management which usually recommends on how to deal or act on certain offences depending on the gravity of offences.
With growth in enrollment in online courses at the university level, the quality of those courses is coming under increased scrutiny. This study surveyed faculty with experience in online, onsite, and blended courses to identify factors most likely to impede student success in online courses as well as strategies to improve online courses. The most common responses for why students might find online courses more challenging focus in the areas time management, student-teacher interaction, and motivation. The strategies for improving student success in online courses fall into the categories of assignments, teaching strategies, and training for both faculty and students. Steps for students to take before enrolling in an online course and tips for faculty who want to teach online courses for the first time are also included as appendices.
Felege, christopher online education perceptions and recommendations focus ...William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Brown, sidney l. the impact of middle schools health on dropout rates schooli...William Kritsonis
Dr. Kritsonis has traveled and lectured extensively throughout the United States and world-wide. Some international travels include Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Monte Carlo, England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Switzerland, Grand Cayman, Haiti, St. Maarten, St. John, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Nassau, Freeport, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Canada, Curacao, Costa Rico, Aruba, Venezuela, Panama, Bora Bora, Tahiti, Latvia, Spain, Honduras, and many more. He has been invited to lecture and serve as a guest professor at many universities across the nation and abroad.
THE GRATIFICATION AND MISUSE PATTERNS OF FACEBOOK USE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE S...American Research Thoughts
This study explored the consequences of Facebook use in the lives of undergraduate
students and to what extent this social network site was subjective to their everyday requirements. In
this respect 100 college students from Govt. College Dharamshala were randomly chosen and after
reviewing several studies on Facebook use, a questionnaire containing 20 close-ended questions was
framed and circulated them in their free times. The collected data was tabled and analyzed with the
assistance of IBM SPSS 20. Finally, the study summarizes that the undergraduates access Facebook
for various purposes in their everyday life in which, academic search, online shopping, developing
(social) relations, sharing data, chatting, and killing loneliness are primary. The study also confirms
and supports the results of previous studies that the consumption of Facebook influences students’
academic, health and social life both negative and positive manners. It is alarmed that if the
dependency of students on Facebook is not taken seriously by parents, teachers and policymakers, it
would influence their social relationship, health status, moral attitude and academic performance to a
large manner in coming years.
With growth in enrollment in online courses at the university level, the quality of those courses is coming under increased scrutiny. This study surveyed faculty with experience in online, onsite, and blended courses to identify factors most likely to impede student success in online courses as well as strategies to improve online courses. The most common responses for why students might find online courses more challenging focus in the areas time management, student-teacher interaction, and motivation. The strategies for improving student success in online courses fall into the categories of assignments, teaching strategies, and training for both faculty and students. Steps for students to take before enrolling in an online course and tips for faculty who want to teach online courses for the first time are also included as appendices.
Felege, christopher online education perceptions and recommendations focus ...William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Brown, sidney l. the impact of middle schools health on dropout rates schooli...William Kritsonis
Dr. Kritsonis has traveled and lectured extensively throughout the United States and world-wide. Some international travels include Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Monte Carlo, England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Switzerland, Grand Cayman, Haiti, St. Maarten, St. John, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, Nassau, Freeport, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Canada, Curacao, Costa Rico, Aruba, Venezuela, Panama, Bora Bora, Tahiti, Latvia, Spain, Honduras, and many more. He has been invited to lecture and serve as a guest professor at many universities across the nation and abroad.
THE GRATIFICATION AND MISUSE PATTERNS OF FACEBOOK USE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE S...American Research Thoughts
This study explored the consequences of Facebook use in the lives of undergraduate
students and to what extent this social network site was subjective to their everyday requirements. In
this respect 100 college students from Govt. College Dharamshala were randomly chosen and after
reviewing several studies on Facebook use, a questionnaire containing 20 close-ended questions was
framed and circulated them in their free times. The collected data was tabled and analyzed with the
assistance of IBM SPSS 20. Finally, the study summarizes that the undergraduates access Facebook
for various purposes in their everyday life in which, academic search, online shopping, developing
(social) relations, sharing data, chatting, and killing loneliness are primary. The study also confirms
and supports the results of previous studies that the consumption of Facebook influences students’
academic, health and social life both negative and positive manners. It is alarmed that if the
dependency of students on Facebook is not taken seriously by parents, teachers and policymakers, it
would influence their social relationship, health status, moral attitude and academic performance to a
large manner in coming years.
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
Causes of Low Achievement of University' Students from Their Points of Viewijejournal
The aim of the study was to investigate the causes of low achievement from student’s points of view for
both sexes by various levels and faculties.(106) students took place in the at Al-Ahliyya Amman University
(AAU).
A questionnaire was formed and applied, after its validity and reliability were verified. The study resulted
in following points :-
The weight of low achievement causes are moderate in four dimensions (Faculty member , students ,
methods of assessment, course content)while the weight of family factors dimension was high. There are no
significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in low achievement causes according to gender, the level of
study and according to the faculty specialization in three dimensions (Faculty member , methods of
assessment, Course content)while there are significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in two
dimensions (students and family factors )in behalf of engineering faculty) .
Problems with Independent Study and Distance Learning in CaliforniaKristopher Dreyer
Because of the pandemic, some parents are concerned about returning their children to school too soon. However, distance possibilities are uncertain throughout California. Some parents were apprehensive about returning their children to in-person teaching after a year of uncertainty and trauma (due to the COVID-19 issue). In a poll of 1,006 public school parents conducted by the National Parents Union in May, slightly over half (56 percent) indicated they would like a choice between in-person and remote learning, with the remainder indicating they are ready to return their children to full-time in-person education.
The governor of California, Gavin Newsom, and state lawmakers, both Democrats and Republicans, originally stated that California public schools must return for full-time, in-person study. The necessity for alternative learning techniques, such as independent study and distance learning, arose from the pandemic's social isolation.
The study was conducted on issues affecting the academic achievement of female students in selected primary schools of Jimma Arjo woreda while its objective was to investigate the major factors that affect the academic achievements of female students in primary schools of four sampled primary schools/Arjo primary school, Andinnet, Arbi-gebeya and Wayu Warke primary schools. Female students academic achievements show an upgrading from time to time, but still the rise is delicate when contrast to males. The finding identified the five broad categories, Family related, school related, socio-economic related, cultural related were the major factors that affect the academic achievements of females’ education. The common issues household responsibilities, low awareness of parents towards females education, parents financial problems, parents education level, lack of school facilities, school distance, the nature of teacher student relationship, the study behavior female students implement, teaching method teachers use, early marriage, less avails of role models are the main reasons for squat academic achievements of female students on education. To alleviate these upward parents awareness to wards the benefit of educating females, motivating female students, providing financial supports for the poor female students, improving school facilities and protecting female from abduction and early marriage/from any harmful traditions were recommended.
EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This project work focuses on the effects of child abuse on students’ academic performance. The study attempts to unravel the causes, effects and remedies to child abuse among secondary school students. It was carried out in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. A sample of 100 was randomly drawn from selected secondary schools in the local government and questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The mean percentage test, which was adopted in the study’s analysis, indicated that excessive battering of a child by parents/teacher/guidance; broken homes, child hawking before and after school and an unconducive learning environment are all causes of child abuse. Also, it was found that child abuse negatively affects a child’s school performance; such abused children are vulnerable to early pregnancy. Ill-treatment as well causes permanent and lifelong trauma, thereby making children develop low cognition of school subjects. The preaching of good morals by religious leaders to parents and guardians is part of the recommendations made in this study. Also, melting out punishment in form of fines on erring parents/guidance especially those forcing their children to hawk, and prevention from bad peer influence will help eliminate or reduce to the barest minimum the incidence of child abuse among secondary school students.
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
Causes of Low Achievement of University' Students from Their Points of Viewijejournal
The aim of the study was to investigate the causes of low achievement from student’s points of view for
both sexes by various levels and faculties.(106) students took place in the at Al-Ahliyya Amman University
(AAU).
A questionnaire was formed and applied, after its validity and reliability were verified. The study resulted
in following points :-
The weight of low achievement causes are moderate in four dimensions (Faculty member , students ,
methods of assessment, course content)while the weight of family factors dimension was high. There are no
significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in low achievement causes according to gender, the level of
study and according to the faculty specialization in three dimensions (Faculty member , methods of
assessment, Course content)while there are significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in two
dimensions (students and family factors )in behalf of engineering faculty) .
Problems with Independent Study and Distance Learning in CaliforniaKristopher Dreyer
Because of the pandemic, some parents are concerned about returning their children to school too soon. However, distance possibilities are uncertain throughout California. Some parents were apprehensive about returning their children to in-person teaching after a year of uncertainty and trauma (due to the COVID-19 issue). In a poll of 1,006 public school parents conducted by the National Parents Union in May, slightly over half (56 percent) indicated they would like a choice between in-person and remote learning, with the remainder indicating they are ready to return their children to full-time in-person education.
The governor of California, Gavin Newsom, and state lawmakers, both Democrats and Republicans, originally stated that California public schools must return for full-time, in-person study. The necessity for alternative learning techniques, such as independent study and distance learning, arose from the pandemic's social isolation.
The study was conducted on issues affecting the academic achievement of female students in selected primary schools of Jimma Arjo woreda while its objective was to investigate the major factors that affect the academic achievements of female students in primary schools of four sampled primary schools/Arjo primary school, Andinnet, Arbi-gebeya and Wayu Warke primary schools. Female students academic achievements show an upgrading from time to time, but still the rise is delicate when contrast to males. The finding identified the five broad categories, Family related, school related, socio-economic related, cultural related were the major factors that affect the academic achievements of females’ education. The common issues household responsibilities, low awareness of parents towards females education, parents financial problems, parents education level, lack of school facilities, school distance, the nature of teacher student relationship, the study behavior female students implement, teaching method teachers use, early marriage, less avails of role models are the main reasons for squat academic achievements of female students on education. To alleviate these upward parents awareness to wards the benefit of educating females, motivating female students, providing financial supports for the poor female students, improving school facilities and protecting female from abduction and early marriage/from any harmful traditions were recommended.
EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This project work focuses on the effects of child abuse on students’ academic performance. The study attempts to unravel the causes, effects and remedies to child abuse among secondary school students. It was carried out in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. A sample of 100 was randomly drawn from selected secondary schools in the local government and questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The mean percentage test, which was adopted in the study’s analysis, indicated that excessive battering of a child by parents/teacher/guidance; broken homes, child hawking before and after school and an unconducive learning environment are all causes of child abuse. Also, it was found that child abuse negatively affects a child’s school performance; such abused children are vulnerable to early pregnancy. Ill-treatment as well causes permanent and lifelong trauma, thereby making children develop low cognition of school subjects. The preaching of good morals by religious leaders to parents and guardians is part of the recommendations made in this study. Also, melting out punishment in form of fines on erring parents/guidance especially those forcing their children to hawk, and prevention from bad peer influence will help eliminate or reduce to the barest minimum the incidence of child abuse among secondary school students.
The Influence of Parental Involvement on the Learning outcomes of their Child...iosrjce
Parental involvement in their children's education has been proven by research to improve the
children's confidence, interest and performance at school. A qualitative case study to evaluate the influence of
parental involvement was conducted. The study sample was purposively sampled and consisted of 20 school
heads, 20 teachers and 20 pupils. The researcher was the main research instrument during data gathering. She
assumed the role of the interviewer and an observer. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The
findings showed that, parents who had children enrolled in rural and public urban schools were less committed
to their children's learning. Further, they were not worried much about their children’s school environment.
They consulted less with the teachers and did not supervise their children’s home work. Parents whose children
were in private schools had better communication and interaction with their children’s teachers. There were
various models that were used to improve parent-teacher relationship for the betterment of the children's
learning needs. The study recommended -devolvement of engagement strategies, improved communication
channels, supervised parental involvement in school activities andmonitoring and evaluation measures to assess
performance, progress, outcome and impact of engagement strategies.
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2Trident International University .docxbudabrooks46239
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 614
Assignment Case 2
Dr. James Hodges
February 10, 2020
“Impact of Poverty on the Education Success of Children”
Background
Education is one of the most fundamental rights across the world. However, access to education continues to vary cross different communities, cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Numerous studies have attempted to explore the causes of variations in access and successful educational outcomes across different groups of people. Riedi, Dawn and Kim (2017) state that learners with the capacity to deliver high academic performance exist in all income levels across the United States. Nonetheless, the success rates of learners from low-income backgrounds continue to be lower than their wealthy counterparts. While the dropout rates have reduced phenomenally from low-income neighborhoods, children from wealthy families still register the lowest dropout rates. Level of income coupled with gender factors may also play a role in school dropout rates or low academic performance for children from poor backgrounds. A longitudinal qualitative study undertaken by Ramanaik et al. (2018) found that for many poor families, girls’ domestic tasks came at the cost of schooling with greater concerns regarding the need to safeguard their sexual purity. Furthermore, with the rising desire of the girls’ educational and career goals, parents often encourage girls’ agencies to communicate openly both at home and in school. Children from poor households are also less motivated to work harder in school compared to their contemporaries from wealthy backgrounds. Friels (2016) observes that scholars have tried to make efforts towards exploring the influence of poverty on student success. According to Friels (2016), a combination of factors such as poverty, race and ethnicity have been the defining indicators of student academic attainment. For instance, African American children from low-income neighborhoods continue to face challenges such as low classroom attendance and dropout rates compared to their peers from financial stable backgrounds. In light of the above, this qualitative study will investigate the effects of poverty on educational success in children.
Research Problem
The indicators of academic achievements are often widely recognized across different sides of the scholarly divide. They include hard work, student competence and abilities, school culture, as well as teachers’ competencies. While these factors have been expansively identified and explored by scholars, one major area of research has often been overlooked: the extent to which poverty or level of income impacts educational outcomes for children. Renth, Buckley and Pucher (2015) observe that even though studies exist on this problematic area of knowledge, there have been minimal qualitative explorations on the influence of poverty on children’s educational outcomes. For instance, major qualit.
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT 2
Child Abuse and Neglect
Introduction
Child welfare is one of the special areas of practice in social work. It is special in the context in which the principles and values that govern the social work profession align with policies that guide child welfare organizations. Child abuse is one of the major universal social problems that impact children from all types and levels of society. Child abuse can have a significant impact on the child's personality growth. More so, it can affect the child's adult behavior in later life. Therefore, it the role of the social workers to study the causes of abuse and treatment. Underlaying the efforts is the belief that all societies are responsible for creating an abuse-free society (Zeanah & Humphreys, 2018). This study aims to evaluate factors related to childhood abuse and neglect and social workers' role in alleviating the problem.
Nature and scope of child abuse and neglect
Child abuse is a devastating social problem in society. While the legal definition of child abuse and neglect may vary across different states, there are four recognized classifications of child abuse and neglect. They are sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, and neglect. They neglect medical, educational, and other forms of neglect. Almost 700 000 children are abused every year in the United States. That is about 1 percent of the total number of kids. In 2019, it was estimated that 1770 children in the United States died because of child abuse and neglect. However, the data is incomplete because there are likely to be a lot of unreported cases (Krugman & Poland, 2019). The most prone victims of abuse and neglect are the youngest children. That is children who are in the first year of their life. WWW points out that in 2019 children of 3 years and below experienced a mistreatment rate of 16 per 1000. For children aged 4 to 7 years, the mistreatment rate was 12 per 1000 population. For 8 to 11 years, the mistreatment rate was at 8 per 1000 population. The mistreatment rate goes on decreasing as the children age up. It is the responsibility of child welfare authorities to ensures the safety of children in the country.
Historical Background
For a long time, children have been considered as the property of their parents. Therefore, this notion assumes that parents hold the power of life and death over their children. Throughout history, there have been social provisions that seek to protect orphans and the abandoned children from abuse and neglect. The provisions covered only the orphans and the disabled. However. It is in the last 150 years that the state has made efforts to protect the rights of children by overriding the rights of parents. That means that during the era of the industrial revolution and the invention and introduction of compulsory education attendan ...
IntroductionThe execution of zero resistance on school grounds w.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
The execution of zero resistance on school grounds with the increasing number of police in schools has prompted the criminalization of discipline in school. Schools locale across the nation started to expand the utilization of school officers on grounds, especially in inner city schools. Likewise, hardline train measures were actualized. At the end of the day, a zero resilience approach toward student’s misconduct turned to the norm, consequently the procedure criminalization and education for poor, minority youth. Many reviews that have been carried out have demonstrated a reasonable connection between expulsion from school in the form of suspension as well as adolescent detainment. Skiba et al., (2011) expressed that an overrepresentation in out-of-school expulsion, as well as suspension, seems to put African American students at threat for poor scholastic performance and also being involved in juvenile justice system. At the point when students are put on suspension, time and again they are left with no grown-up supervision which prompts an improve probability of them taking part in criminal conduct.
Numerous specialists have proposed elective school discipline approaches with an end goal to decrease the outdoor suspension rate that eventually lessens the criminalization of the present youth. Hammer (2012) propose that one method of eliminating School-to-prison phenomenon is towards fusing social workers to work with high hazard groups alongside early identification of custom curriculum students in the adolescent courts. Social workers ought to be working with at risk youth adults and their families. Also, social workers could be instrumental in ensuring students are profiting from programs that would cultivate their social skills and meet their fundamental needs, shelter as well as food.
Nevertheless, early distinguishing proof of custom curriculum students in juvenile courts implies that they have just been presented to the criminalization versus training process. The objective is to dissuade students far from this completely. Cramer et al. (2014) the WISE redirection Program offered scholarly help, coaching, and every day advance checking to students who perpetrated peaceful violations on grounds. Students were selected in the program as opposed to being captured when they conferred a peaceful offense. Skiba et al., (2011) discusses a layered all-inclusive behavioural mediation plan. This behavioural plan concentrates on positive reinforcement for grown-ups as well as students. The WISE program is all the more a complete plan that tends to various necessities of the student versus simply the conduct angled that the multi-layered mediation addresses. A multi-layered plan can be joined into any school display. An option behavioral plan should be set up; however, that is just a piece of the plan. Scholastic help for educational modules that are important to the students’ needs to incorporate.
Tending to the need of at risk y.
Running Head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 2
Effects of Poverty on Early Childhood Development
Student Name
Institution
Abstract
Poverty is an issue affecting the world and the children at large. Low-income families are unable to provide some basic needs that children need for their development. The purpose of the study is to analyze is there is a connection between poverty and early childhood development. The research is quantitative, where the dependent variable is early childhood development, and the independent variable is poverty. The sample size is 50 children randomly selected from school, whereby 25 are from poor backgrounds, and the other 25 are from well-off families. The study is longitudinal because it will take place for four years. The results obtained will help either to reject or not reject the null hypothesis of the study. If the study shows a positive relationship, there is a need for further studies to be conducted to ensure that the correct inference is made. The research data may not be sufficient enough to make inferences about the whole population's poverty issue on childhood development.
Introduction
The study is to show the relationship between poverty and the effects it has on the children that live in the settings. Poverty is an aspect that affects not only the children but also the rest of the world. The study will be conducted for the children that live in poverty and establish the effects it has on early childhood development. Research shows that a child raised in poverty may not be as likely as a child raised in a well-off family to succeed. This is due to the challenges the children encounter. Some of the problems can be changed, but some are unchangeable.
The challenges the children have in their childhood affects how they become when they grow (Chaudry & Wimer, 2016). Some, since they cannot afford education, grow up to become criminals because they want to make a living. They resolve into activities that are not good because they do not receive the basic needs that they require at their homes. Examples of children that are mostly affected by poverty are the ones from minority communities. The study shows the challenges the children face even in their schools where they learn and at home. Children from poor backgrounds may face difficulties like discrimination from other kids who do not live in poverty. The challenges are the ones that depict the outcome of the children in their early childhood development stage.
Statement of the problem
In the United States and the United Kingdom, nearly every state is affected by poverty, and there has not been much improvement in the sector over the last years. The problem that is there is that wealthy neighborhoods tend to discriminate against the p.
· In preparation to complete the Signature Assignment, a quantitat.docxoswald1horne84988
· In preparation to complete the Signature Assignment, a quantitative research proposal, collect and read five peer-reviewed primary source research articles dated within the previous 5 years related to a research topic of interest. The same sources may be used from this course or from any previous courses that meet the requirement.
Using these sources as justification, properly cited in APA format, develop the following initial quantitative research proposal sections:
1. Statement of the Problem
2. Purpose of the Study
3. Research Question(s)
4. Hypotheses (null and alternative)
Ensure the Statement of the Problem focuses solely on the problem, the Purpose of the Study focuses solely on the intent of the study, the Research Question(s) addresses the Purpose of the Study and do not elicit a yes or no response, and the Hypotheses address the Research Question(s). Ensure all four sections are aligned in content and in wording.
Support your assignment with at least five scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included.
Length: 5-7 pages, not including title and reference pages
Your assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.
Exploration
of
Secondary Education
Solution
s to School-to-Prison Pipeline
by
Table of Contents
Introduction1
Statement of the Problem1
Purpose of the Study2
Research Questions3
Hypotheses4
Definition of Key Terms5
Brief Review of the Literature5
Summary7
Research Method7
Operational Definition of Variables9
Measurement10
Summary11
References12
Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography13Introduction
Schept, Wall, & Brisman (2015) stated that the implementation of zero tolerance on school grounds with the growing number of presence of police in schools have led to the criminalization of school discipline. Schools districts nation- wide began to increase the use of school resource officers on campus, particularly in inner city schools. Also, hardline discipline measures were implemented. In other words, a zero-tolerance approach toward student misconducted became the norm, hence the process criminalization versus education of poor, minority youth. Many studies conducted have shown a clear link between school expulsion in the form of outdoor suspension and juvenile detention. For instance, Skiba, Horner, Chung, & Rausch (2011) stated that an overrepresentation in out-of-school suspension and expulsion appears to place African American students at risk for poor academic performance and involvement in the juvenile justice system. When students are placed on outdoor suspension, too often they are left without any adult supervision which leads to an increase likelihood of them engaging in criminal behavior.
Ma.
Informal Reference Groups
Informal Care Essay
Examples Of Informal Fallacy
Informal Communication Essay
Formal Learning And Informal Learning Essay
Formal And Informal Educational Experiences
Example Of A Informal Interview
Informal Fallacies Of An Informal Fallacy
Difference Between Formal And Informal Resources
Examples Of Informal Powers
Example Of Informal Language
Formal and Informal Institutions
Informal Assessments In Early Childhood Education
Informal Discourse
Accommodating Informal Letter
Informal Learning Experience
Informal Letter Persuasive Letter
Social Control Examples
This tyoe of document is a ppt report we present before, and this is also part of our lesson and i hope you can learn form it's okay to you anymore and I'm sure you can go to the store and get the rest day guro ako kato lang sa sunod lang thrn you want to go to your house and you can you talk now your here and there will be no one else has a lot of the day i married to you anymore I mean you can get well soon ing oeo sir I will be here for 3
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
Similar to Parenting a Factor Associated With Deviancy Amongst Students at Bokamoso Junior Secondary School (20)
This paper studies the pattern of students’ movement within and around the various classes of degrees in Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. In this paper, a transition matrix was developed for the five classes of degrees using movement patterns in ten consecutive semesters (2011 – 2016). The probabilities of moving across the five different classes was obtained. Furthermore, a fundamental matrix was obtained to determine the expected number of students who stay within each particular class (stayers).
This study endeavoured to establish the characteristics of effective teachers and how these characteristics assisted teachers to improve learner performance. To address this aim, a case study design was employed as a methodology for the study, consisting of five rural schools. A literature study was conducted, alongside semi-structured individual interviews with five school principals and focus group interviews with twenty eight teachers from the same rural schools from where school principals were drawn. The collected data was analysed thematically, by establishing themes and their emerging categories. The established themes and their categories were interpreted and discussed to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study revealed that an effective teacher has a blend of three characteristics, namely, professional characteristics, personality characteristics and social characteristics. The blend of characteristics contribute to the quality of teaching and learning processes. The study recommended that educational practitioners in diversity should be cognisant of the characteristics of effective teachers and nurture them appropriately as these characteristics have a life-transforming effects on the lives of the learners.
This study endeavoured to establish the characteristics of effective teachers and how these characteristics assisted teachers to improve learner performance. To address this aim, a case study design was employed as a methodology for the study, consisting of five rural schools. A literature study was conducted, alongside semi-structured individual interviews with five school principals and focus group interviews with twenty eight teachers from the same rural schools from where school principals were drawn. The collected data was analysed thematically, by establishing themes and their emerging categories. The established themes and their categories were interpreted and discussed to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study revealed that an effective teacher has a blend of three characteristics, namely, professional characteristics, personality characteristics and social characteristics. The blend of characteristics contribute to the quality of teaching and learning processes. The study recommended that educational practitioners in diversity should be cognisant of the characteristics of effective teachers and nurture them appropriately as these characteristics have a life-transforming effects on the lives of the learners.
This study determined the prevalence of se1f regulatory skills (behavioural, emotional,verbal) and assessed the level of social competence of primary school pupils in Osun State. The study further examined the influence of self-regulatory skills and social competence on primary school pupils’ academic achievement. These were with a view to providing information on the association between Self-regulation and Social Competence in relation to lower Primary School Pupils’ academic achievement in Osun State Nigeria. The study adopted the correlational survey research design. The population for the study comprised primary III pupils in Osun State. Sample size consisted of 418 Primary III pupils selected using the multistage sampling procedure. Firstly, from the three Senatorial districts in Osun State, nine Local Government Areas (LGAs) were selected using simple random sampling technique (three from each senatorial district). Secondly, in each LGA, two primary schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. Thirdly, eighteen intact classes of primary Ill pupils were selected from each of the selected schools using the simple random sampling technique.The three instruments used for this study were: Sell-Regulation Observation Scale (SROS) Teachers Rating Scale (TRS); and Pupils’ Achievement Test (PAT). Data was analyzed using percentage and chi-square. The results showed that the level of primary school pupils’ behavioural self-regulatory skill was low (30%), emotional self-regulatory skill was at average (43%) while the verbal self-regulatory skill was low (27%). Overall, the level of self-regulatory skills of primary school pupils’ was low (39%). The results also indicated that the level of’ manifestation of social competence was high (64%). Results further showed that there was a statistically significant influence of self-regulatory skills and social competence on primary school pupils’ academic achievement (x2= 873.532, p<0.05). The study concluded that whilst Self-regulatory skill contributed little to pupils‘ academic achievement, Social Competence greatly influenced primary school pupils’ academic achievement in Osun State.
This paper focused on analysis of emergence of criminal groups in Dar es Salaam city and Zanzibar town. Data collection was based on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Content analysis was used in analysis of data collected from the study. The study findings revealed that youths are vulnerable and susceptible to criminal activities due to corruption, fake promises from politicians, education systems, laxity of parental or guardians’ care and inspiration of children to live luxurious life. In addition, the study recommended to take proper moves that police operation and other government authorities undertake on use of force that cannot end such societal challenges. Instead, the government should provide education system, which is skilled oriented to enable young people to employ themselves. In addition, more efforts are needed to fight corruption from low level to high level of government system.
Zambian communities are rich with voices of the value of adult education, albeit unsystematically documented. It is these insightful voices that this article unveils. Phenomenological research design was employed. Three research sites were targeted comprising two chiefdoms and covering four villages, two villages from each chief dom. Data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions. After coding the data, narrative and thematic methods of data analysis were used. Findings reveal that the value of adult education is measured informally by the number of the adult population able to access social amenities equitably and equally on one hand, and on the other, by their ability to read the ‘word and the world’ as purported by Freire and Macedo (1987).
Despite a healthy production of teachers, teacher attrition is a significant concern facing school administrators across the state of Texas. This study sought to determine the extent to which questions on the Exit and Principal Surveys reflect three sets of standards which guide educator preparation in Texas: Association of Teacher Educators (ATE) Standards for Teacher Educators, Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Educator Preparation Program Curriculum Standards, and Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities (PPR) Exam Standards. This analysis provides important information about the validity of survey questions as a measure of standards compliance for educator preparation in Texas and also sought to determine if there is a difference between teacher candidates’ Exit Survey evaluation of preparation and principals’ Principal Survey evaluation of first-year teachers’ preparation. Findings indicated a clear disconnect. Recommendations are provided as contributions for future discussion on much needed educator preparation program standards reform.
The study sought to investigate the effect of individual counselling on academic performance of underachievers’ pupil in Maimusari Public Primary School, Jere local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to examine the nature and causes of underachievement in Maimusari Public Primary School, also the effect of individual counselling on academic performance of the underachievers’ pupil. Based on these objectives, two research questions and one null hypothesis were answered and tested respectively. Quasi-experimental design was used for the study. Twenty-two underachieving pupils were purposively sampled from the population of the study. Both questionnaire and interview were used as method of data collection; Effect of Individual Counselling on Underachievers in Public Primary Schools (EICUPPS) and interview schedule. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study discovered that coming late to school, not having complete learning material, depression, anxiety and teachers attitude in the classroom were the major causes of underachievement in Maimusari primary school. The study also revealed that individual counselling has helped the pupils in overcoming their learning barriers. It is therefore, concluded that individual counselling has significant effect on underachievement among pupils of public primary school in Maiduguri, Borno State. It is recommended among others that class teachers need to be oriented on how to identify underachieving pupils in their various classes and inform the appropriate authority for proper management.
The study contributes to the on-going debate regarding the significance of early childhood teachers’ instructional decision-making that take into consideration their theoretical knowledge (explicit theories) and practical experiences (implicit theories) and how they impact their instructional decision-making processes in diverse socio-cultural contexts of children. To address this gap in the literature, a qualitative multi-case study into the perceptions and classroom practices of four kindergarten teachers in two Ghanaian schools, Tata and Kariba, was carried out over a six-month period. One research question that sought to explore factors and beliefs influencing teachers’ instructional decision-making in a kindergarten classroom guided the study. Data sources used were semi-structured individual interviews and pair-based interviews and fieldnotes of classroom observations. Both within and across case interpretative analysis, as outlined. The study’s findings revealed that these teachers’ explicit theories and implicit theories of teaching influenced their instructional decision-making processes in kinder garten classrooms.
The study aimed to evaluate the “Human resource management for vocational schools at Bac Ninh province, Viet Nam: A model of faculty development program”. It concentrated on evaluating the existing Human resource management for vocational schools of the province, determining demographic profile of the respondents, profile of vocational schools. In order to come up with this analysis, a survey covering 50 specific vocational schools is implemented aiming to assess current status of the development of contingent of teachers and the factors affecting the development of teaching staff for vocational schools in Bac Ninh province such as Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development Retention and maintenance; Promotion; Labor relations; and Transfer and retirement. Thereby, identifing the limitations in Human resource management of vocational schools. Based from all the findings of this study, the following conclusions were derived: The human resource management of vocational schools on Bac Ninh province still limited. Human resources in sufficient quantity, but the structure is not reasonable, lack of highly qualified and experienced faculty. Support policies are not sufficient to motivate faculty and attract highly qualified human resources. From the cited summary of findings and conclusions, the following are hereby recommended: Re-examining all the plans and programs for the Quality of Human Resource so that necessary updating and modification can be done; Strongly focusing on recruitment process and policies of training and retraining human resources, Specific strategies for implementing these plans must also be considered. Conducting regular evaluation of all the programs must be implemented.
The study investigated the differences in leadership styles exhibited by principals of public Colleges of Education in Ghana in relation to their sex, age, years of work experience, and academic qualification. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The target population was made up of all 46 principals of public Colleges of Education in Ghana. The target population consisted of all 38 public Colleges of Education which were in existence before the absorption of eight private Colleges of Education by the government of Ghana into public system. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 38 principals for the study. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire developed by Bass and Avolio (2004) was adapted to collect data. Means, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the leadership styles of the principals of public Colleges of Education in Ghana based on their sex, age, and academic qualification. However, there were statistically significant differences in the leadership styles adopted by the principals in relation to their years of work experience. It was therefore concluded that many years of experience of principals of public CoEs in Ghana is critical for good leadership in these colleges. Among the recommendations was that the National Council for Tertiary Education (NCTE) should consider years of work experience in the selection and appointment of principals for public Colleges of Education in Ghana. Additionally, in-service training and refresher courses should be organized regularly by NCTE for principals on the leadership styles suitable for achievement of objectives and goals of their colleges.
The aim of this research paper is to identify the the perceptions of teachers of English language about the main challenges in teaching primary stage pupils; and to recognize the challenges that are experienced locally in the five educational areas available in the state of Kuwait. Both qualitative and quantitative methods have been applied because data are supposed to be in the form of numbers. The survey was provided by a hard copy to about (20) teachers of English language in the state of Kuwait. The survey itself consisted of two sections. The first section refers to some sort of a ranking question. That means the teachers ordered the factors that may develop teaching English to young learners according to their point of views. The second section of the survey included an open question as follows: Which aspect do you think the most challenging in teaching young pupils and why? The results revealed that teachers of English are challenged by several factors including lack of training, resources and acknowledge. Most teachers suffered from lack of time to teach; particularly, teaching writing and grammar.
The study examines the effect of improvisation of teacher-made instructional media on students’ performance in some selected primary science concepts. Thus, a pre-test and post-test, non-randomized experimental design was adopted for the study. Three thousand, three hundred and sixty-eight (3,368) primary six pupils from 48 public primary schools in Akwa Ibom State formed the population while two hundred and nineteen primary six pupils from two schools formed the sample for the study. The two intact classes were exposed to standard and improvised science equipment. A Primary Science Performance Test (PSPT) instrument was used to collect data before and after each lesson. A t-test statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference of the post-test performance of intact classes exposed to improvised science equipment and those standard equipment indicating that pupils benefited equally from the standardized and improvised equipment with t-calculated score of 1.34 below the t-critical 2.92. It is recommended that the government should organize workshop on the use of improvised materials to change the orientation of the teacher centred instructional approach to teaching primary science.
Child and Youth Care (CYC) students have the right to be engaged in pedagogical practices that inspire and arouse their curiosity about their field of practice. Undergraduate course-based research in which students have an opportunity to conduct authentic research within a for-credit course is one such high-impact pedagogical practice with a growing body of evidence-based outcomes. This article presents an undergraduate course-based research project that examined child and youth care student’s beliefs about displaying love as a component of their practice. Located in the constructivist/interpretive research paradigm, this course-based research project collected data through the use of an expressive arts-based data method followed by a semi-structured questionnaire. Four overarching themes were identified during the thematic analysis: (a) authentic caring involves expressions of love, (b) expressions of love are an essential component of growth and development, (c) loving care as an ethic of relational practice, and (d) but…professionalism stands in the way. The results of this course-based study suggest that expressing love as a component of relational-centred CYC practice is not fully understood by CYC students and that much more research is needed to explore this issue.
This research describes an attempt to establish a pedagogically useful list of the most frequent semantically non-compositional multi-word combinations for English for Journalism learners in an EFL context, who need to read English news in their field of study. The list was compiled from the NOW (News on the Web) Corpus, the largest English news database by far. In consideration of opaque multi-word combinations in widespread use and pedagogical value, the researcher applied a set of selection criteria when using the corpus. Based on frequency, meaningfulness, and semantic non-compositionality, a total of 318 non-compositional multi-word combinations of 2 to 5 words with the exclusion of phrasal verbs were selected and they accounted for approximately 2% of the total words in the corpus. The list, not highly technical in nature, contains the most commonly-used multi-word units traversing various topic areas and news readers may encounter these phrasal expressions very often. As with other individual word lists, it is hoped that this opaque expressions list may serve as a reference for English for Journalism teaching.
The main objective of this study is to explore how podcasting can be implemented in teaching English as a Second Language as a supportive technological tool and thus contribute to the development of positive attitudes and beliefs of the learners. To this aim, the field experiment research was conducted. The study was carried out in a total of 28 pupils of the first grade of high school at an educational institution on Rhodes, Greece in February 2018. The students were assigned into the experimental group (15 students) and the control group (13 students). The results of the research have shown a positive change in students’ attitudes and beliefs, though no statistically significant difference has arisen regarding the students’ interest in the course, their self-confidence in English, the role of gender in learning English and the difficulties students come across when studying English. Similarly, no significant change has occurred regarding the usefulness of English, the importance of the English accent and the knowledge of another foreign language as a contributing factor to learning English more easily. Finally, a negative change was found regarding difficulties in oral communication in English.
One of the challenges of higher education focuses on the improvement of personal and professional skills of students, with the aim of strengthening strategies that include cutting-edge resources in the learning process. The appropriate use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching work as support in face-to-face mode, has a significant impact on engineering professionals. With the correct handling of instruments, strategies, evaluations and educational materials mediated by technologies, which provide great advantages, where the student can work at their own pace and improve the synchronous and asynchronous communication channels with the teacher and their classmates to develop skills and acquire experiences. This work presents the incorporation of educational resources in virtual scenarios as support to the learning units taught in face-to-face modality in the Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Engineering campus Guanajuato (UPIIG), with the purpose of reinforcing in the student self-management of knowledge to discover new teaching experiences and motivate them in the achievement of meaningful learning.
This study aims to recognize effectiveness methods of teaching skills in primary school in English , the researcher used the numbered heads together strategy as an effective method in education skills, the researcher used an experimental design with two groups (control group and experiment group), with a post-test for the achievement of Al-Khamaal Primary school , Fifth class , The sample of the study consisted of (60) pupils at Al-Khamaal Primary school in English, for the academic year (2018-2019). The researcher equaled the two research groups statistically by ( age by months, the marks of the last year, the achievement of the parents), so there were no statistical significance between the two groups in variables. The researcher used a test to collect data. The analysis of the data showed that the numbered heads together strategy has a great effect in teaching skills at primary schools. At the end of this study, the researcher presented some recommendations. These recommendations that focus on paying more attention to the learning strategies that used to improve educational process, moreover, teacher at primary schools should use effective strategies and effective methods in teaching skills.
The study investigates the impact of using blogs on the development of critical thinking skills among learners of the faculty of education who are enrolled in Arabic language course. The study has been applied to 90 male and female learners from the Faculty of Education at the Middle East University. The researcher has used a semi-experimental approach and the equivalent set method, since it fits the purposes of the study. Watson-Glaser™ Critical Thinking Appraisal has been used in developing a test to measure learners’ level of critical thinking skills. The study revealed statistically significant differences at the significance level of (0.01) in favor of the experimental group regarding Inference, Deduction, Recognition of Assumptions and Interpretation dimensions. The results also revealed statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in favor of the experimental groups regarding Recognition of Assumptions dimension. Moreover, the study unveiled statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.01) between the experimental group and control group that can be attributed to critical thinking skills in favor of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) of significance, between the pre and post evaluation regarding argument evaluation, interpretation and inference skills in favor of the post evaluation. Differences were significant in identifying the hypotheses and deviations at the level of (0.05) in favor of the post-evaluation. Finally, it became clear that statistically significant differences at a level of significance less than (0.05) exist between the pre and post evaluations in favor of the post-evaluation of critical thinking skills.
Inquiry-based study can enhance long term retention and improve application and synthesis of knowledge. In this research, we provide a student-driven, inquiry-based teaching mode that trains undergraduate as researcher, who can raise questions, design and perform hypothesis-driven experiments, analyze data and discuss results. Before students design their research projects, they should know well and answer a series questions related experiment principle, condition and error control, data detection and processing, which guide them to familiarize with project principles, operations and data processing. Continuous distillation is an ideal choice for the training in an undergraduate lab due to it synthesizing the fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer. Students actively participate in the project, because their doubts can be removed through designing and implementing experiments, such as: How to evaluate the separation capacity of the distillation operation? How to implement the experiment and get the component concentration in simple way? How to evaluate the separation capacity of packing column? Students use their acquired research skills to design, execute and analyze experiments independently. While, the instructors only make some adjustments to ensure that the experimenter completes the design goal within the limited experimental time. Results show that distillation experiment builds an open, inquiry-based platform for students, which significantly enhances the ability to apply and integrate knowledge. The scientific research ability and teamwork awareness have also been nurtured.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Parenting a Factor Associated With Deviancy Amongst Students at Bokamoso Junior Secondary School
1. Research Journal of Education
ISSN(e): 2413-0540, ISSN(p): 2413-8886
Vol. 5, Issue. 10, pp: 177-182, 2019
URL: https://arpgweb.com/journal/journal/15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32861/rje.510.177.182
Academic Research Publishing
Group
*Corresponding Author
177
Original Research Open Access
Parenting a Factor Associated With Deviancy Amongst Students at Bokamoso
Junior Secondary School
Katlego Motlhankane*
Department of Agricultural Education Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
Tapela Bulala
Department of Agricultural Education Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
Masa Veronicah Motaung
Department of Agricultural Education Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how parenting contributes to deviancy in school among students at
Bokamoso Junior Secondary School. The study was a descriptive survey in which a questionnaire was administered
to Form 2 and Form 3 students of Bokamoso Secondary School to collect data. The results were then presented using
mean and standard deviation. The results showed that majority of students were male around the age of 16-20 years.
The results further revealed that parental involvement has a significant influence on students being deviant, which
was given by an average mean of 2.55 which is above the criterion mean of 2.50 and average standard deviation of
0.572. It was concluded that parenting is factor associated with a deviancy amongst students at Bokamoso Secondary
School. It was therefore recommended that they should be a joint disciplinary council consisting of parents or
guardian, teachers and school management which usually recommends on how to deal or act on certain offences
depending on the gravity of offences.
Keywords: Parenting; Deviancy; Behavior; Guidance and counseling; Junior secondary school.
CC BY: Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
1. Introduction
No parent is perfect and there are likely to make some mistakes in an effort raise their child to the best of their
abilities. In African societies acting out, or misbehavior, is often associated with ineffective parenting and seen a
reflection failed parenting. Ineffective parenting can directly and indirectly influence deviancy amongst children at
school (Martinez, 2007).
According Wairimu (2013), a particular behavior is not acceptable or is antisocial if any of these three criteria
are seen; the behaviour does not allow a person to function effectively with others as a member of society, if the
behaviour does not permit the person to meet his or her own needs and the behaviour has a negative effect in the
wellbeing of others hence the term deviancy which is believed to be recognized as violation of cultural norms
(Roberts, 1981). It is a very broad concept and many characteristics are used by members of society in identifying
deviance. One familiar type of deviance is crime, or the violation of norms formally enacted into criminal law. A
special category of crime is juvenile delinquency, or the violation of legal standards by the young. It is pointed out
that deviance can be negative or positive, but in that it stems from difference it causes us to react to another person
as an "outsider (Marvin, 2010). Deviance is not simply a matter of free choice or personal failings. Both conformity
and deviance are shaped by society, and this is evident in three ways (Lawrence and William, 2014). It exists only in
relation to cultural norms; people become deviant as others define them that way, and both rule-making and rule-
breaking involve social power. When parents are lacking in skills such as anger management and conflict resolution,
they will likely have difficulties modeling this behavior for their children. This, in turn, leaves children with poor
coping skills for common occurrences, such as anger, disappointment and frustration. BBC.com Health section
contributor James Tighe also notes that having a strong support network and realistic appraisals or perceptions of
life's problems are essential coping strategies. A lack of healthful coping strategies can lead to many overall health
and well-being concerns in children (Edwin, 2007).
Youth deviant behaviour is an escalating problem in schools and society today. There are many different factors
that can be blamed for this problem. During the last decade of the twentieth century, people began searching for
answers to this dilemma which is haunting all countries (Marvin, 2010). Many tragic school sagas such as kids
stabbing one another during fights and other making threats to teachers has taken place within the last decades that
have gained the attention of the public. As of now, no one can give the right answer to the problem or the reason
why it happens because there is no right answer yet and nobody can be sure that they know the cause. All they have
to go by are the opinions of different people. In recent years, incidences/ reports of deviant behavior in school
mainly due to poor parenting at home has become more serious, consistently poor parenting can have a negative
impact on kids and most parents seem to be unaware of these matter as what attitudes a student displays at home
may internally differ with how he/she upholds him/herself in school (Marvin, 2010). The is mostly illustrated by
2. Research Journal of Education
178
Parents who neglect their children's educational needs which will contribute to poor academic performance in their
children as it has shown that parental involvement in a child's education vastly improves academic achievement
(Marvin, 2010). IF for a say a parent displays characteristics of abusive behaviour. Such children for instance end
becoming bullies which is usually seen as a particular subset of aggressive and violent behaviours. The very serious
nature of some bullying has led to debate whether some forms of bullying could be conceptualized as „hate crime.‟
Teachers and schools focus most on various pupil „behaviours‟ (Lawrence and William, 2014). Most often they refer
to „disruptive‟, „disaffected behaviours, or sometimes behaviour is said to be „challenging and they end up being left
with question such as where does these behavior come from? These terms are associated with the particular focus of
the behavioural description: for example, „disruptive‟ refers to the interruption of the work of the teacher and other
pupils, or even the smooth working of the school; „disaffected‟ relates to a range of behaviours that imply a lack of
affection for school and may include disruptive behavior and non-attendance On the other hand, students brought up
by uncaring parents usually portray delinquent behaviors (Lawrence and William, 2014). They resort to criminal
activities to achieve what they could not get from their parents such students take part in criminal activities such as
stealing, rioting/rebellion among others, whereas others tend to fight with the teachers and refuse to get any help
moreover (Lawrence and William, 2014). It seems that schools are helpless regarding students with deviant behavior
and the educational authority does not have effective measures in place to deal with these problems. Some teachers
attribute the above problems to teachers lacking the right to use physical punishment, as it is forbidden in the current
educational regulations (Marvin, 2010). In addition, physical punishment violates students‟ human rights and only
temporarily curbs students „surface behavior (Lawrence and William, 2014). Changing a student‟s core temperament
is the effective measure to improve student hence a research will be conducted to establish how poor parenting can
be a factor associated with deviancy amongst schools. Parents who neglect their children's educational needs might
contribute to poor academic performance in their children. Sufficient evidence, including findings reported by the
state of Michigan's Department of Education, supports the idea that parental involvement in a child's education
vastly improves academic achievement. Parents who are inattentive, harsh criticizers and ineffective disciplinarians
fail to create a home environment that promotes and supports healthy educational attainment. Parents with an
ineffective parenting style might also show a lack of interest in advocating for their child‟s education Berg and
Bernard (2004).
Ineffective parenting can contribute to, and be exacerbated by, mental health problems in children, finds
research obtained by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nearly 22 percent of youths ages 12 to 17
in 2004 received counseling for emotional and behavioral issues, reports the USHHS. This research also notes that
other socioeconomic contributors may pose significant barriers for parents to provide effective parenting to their
children. There are other factors to consider in children with mental illnesses from low socioeconomic communities
as well, such as ineffective teacher responses and poor social skills, Herrero et al. (2006).
1.1. Statement of the Problem
Good behaviour in schools has a positive bearing on educational participation and attainment while bad
behaviour negatively influences the learning and teaching process. The issue of learner indiscipline has taken Centre
stage for a long time both internationally and nationally. A number of schools in Botswana have experienced
negative deviant behaviors in one way or the other. For example, Mmegi Online newspaper of the 20 February 2008
reported about discipline challenges and misbehaving students in form five who ill-treated the newly admitted form
four students upon arrival at one of the schools in the south East district. In the same year Monkagedi Gaotlhobogwe
(2008) staff of the same newspaper wrote about Juvenile behaviours where students were involved in selling illegal
substances (dagga) in one of the senior secondary schools in the capital city, Gaborone. The worst incident in
Botswana reported by Shirley (2004) following an incident where nine students died and some became blind after
drinking a dangerous laboratory chemical called Methanol. Cases of truancy, students coming to school late, some
found smoking in toilets while others bully their classmates both in class and outside are some of the deviant to add,
that seem to be on the rise on schools in Botswana. Therefore this brings to question the lack of support from parents
in molding of student behavior?
1.2. Purpose of Study
Based on the problem stated above, the purpose of this study was to determine how parenting contributes to
deviancy in school among students at Bokamoso junior secondary school as Deviant behaviour is considered
abnormal or antisocial if it is uncommon, different from the norm and does not conform to what society expects.
Furthermore, the study was intended to identify solution to deviant behaviours and what can be done to improve the
situation.
1.3. Research Objectives
The study focused on the following objectives:
To identify how parenting can contribute to deviancy amongst students at Bokamoso C.J.S.S
To identify most common deviant behaviors that occurs amongst students at Bokamoso C.J.S.S.
1.4. Significance of the Study
The result of this study were intended to benefit parents, school administers, curriculum planners and the
government to make adequate plan to ensure that strategies that impose parental support among the youth was
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reduced to minimal levels or eliminated and that parents play a huge role in their child growth development with no
neglect. On the side of the curriculum planners it will help by ensuring that topics that suit student behavior are
taught in schools, it will go a long way in ensuring or implanting an acceptable lifestyle and perception towards
one‟s behaviour. Again, it would enable policy makers to realize the need for enacting and enforcing appropriate
policies that would be of help and bring about the welfare of the youth. Socially, it was intended to encourage
acceptable social standards and encourage a sanitized environment free from violence, corruption and other social
problems.
2. Review of Related Literature
Terry (2004), conducted a survey about Investigating the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Delinquent
Behavior, in which the study showed that Parenting is a complicated occupation that requires many different skills
that work in concert to influence a child‟s behavior. It can be argued that parents start developing their parenting
style even before their first child is born. It is within the first year or two that parents begin to attach to a parenting
style that works best for them. Mean while
Berg and Bernard (2004), argued that not all young people become involved in deviant behaviour and state that
some youth conform to norms in response to certain forces that control and regulate human behaviour. It is a rite of
passage in many countries especially among boys, and the majorities grow out of it. It forms a continuum from
minor to more serious activities and risk taking, and for some, it is the beginning of a longer and more serious career.
Risky behaviour is particularly characteristic of adolescence which include taking part in vandalism, stealing, getting
involved in gangs, illicit activities, drug abuse, engaging in unsafe sex, joining „tags‟ in dangerous situations,
climbing on the roof tops of public buses, engaging in individual or group fights among others. All these risky
behaviours affect public order and a sense of safety. A huge range of factors influence and shape their lives. The
quality of early childhood care and conditions, and parental and family relationships, are especially important. Local
and family poverty, poor housing and environmental conditions, all have a major impact on family life and the
quality of such care (Edwin, 2007).
Hulela and Matsolo (2011), conducted a survey on Perceptions of Agriculture Science Teachers Regarding
Negative Deviant Behaviours of Students in Senior Secondary Schools in Botswana in the southern district of
Botswana. The results showed that the majority (67%) of the respondents were males while only 33% were females.
Teacher respondents‟ perceptions indicated behaviours such as “regular missing agriculture lessons, bullying other
students in the garden over the use of tools, vandalism of school agriculture tools, disrespecting technical staff
members, fighting other students during class, and failure to wear protective clothing” with a mean of 2.50-3.49.
Lack of parental guidance and peer pressure were revealed as primary factors influencing students ‟behaviours.
Dalhatu and Yunusa (2013), conducted a survey on How Bad parenting Affect Children in which the study
showed that Deviant behaviours start manifesting in children even before arrival into secondary schools when taken
for granted by the homes or the communities. Also behaviour such as noise, making in the classroom when not
checked or punished in time may take another dimension. It should be noted here that punishment does not
necessarily mean corporal punishment, because such punishment when administered constantly make the student to
become defiant. Gender differences are particularly important, since young girls and young women are exposed to
different sets of experiences and risks compared with boys and young men as they grow up. There is also clear
identification of the kinds of protective factors which strengthen children and young people‟s resilience in the face of
difficult living conditions. They include such things as good parenting, a stable and supportive home environment, a
healthy and supportive environment, and good school achievement. There is also accumulating evidence of effective
interventions which promote resilience and prevent future crime and victimization among the youth (Berg and
Bernard, 2004).
Furthermore, Terry (2004), hadn‟t conducted a study on “Investigating the Relationship between Parenting
Styles and Delinquent Behavior. The results showed t that parenting styles have been found to predict child
wellbeing in terms of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and problem behavior.
Research using parent interviews, teacher interviews, and child report consistently finds these characteristics
associated with each parenting style. Children of authoritarian parents tend to lack social competence in dealing with
other children, frequently withdraw from social contact and rarely take their own initiative, look to outside authority
to decide what is correct, and often lack spontaneity and intellectual curiosity. Sons show more difficulties than
daughters, and sons are more likely to show anger and defiance towards people in authority. Terry (2004), further
says that Children of authoritative parents tend to be more self-reliant, self-controlled, willing to explore, and content
than other groups. Daughters are more independent than sons; sons are more socially responsible than daughters and
associated with better school performance in high school. Children of indulgent parents tend to: be relatively
immature, exhibit poor impulse control, and have difficulty accepting responsibility for their own actions and acting
independently. Children of uninvolved parents tend to lack social competence in many areas, be overly.
Poole (2003), conducted a survey on “Tackling poor parenting in which the results showed that adverse
consequences associated with poor parenting persist down the generations and is a problem for society as well as
individuals. The author cites evidence suggesting that in many cases poor parenting is associated with
socioeconomic deprivation, including health inequalities. She argues that most parents (especially mothers, as the
main child cares) are motivated to do their best for their children but that many families struggle against poverty.
Poor parenting skills may be a product of poverty and social exclusion rather than the fault of individual parents. A
public health approach, based on partnership with parents to meet their expressed needs in appropriate ways, could
offer a constructive way forward.
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Another profound study by Stelios and Panayiotis (2013), which investigated Parenting at home and bullying at
school stated that regarding the relationship between specific aspects of parenting and child aggressive behaviour,
several studies have shown that permissiveness best predicts the experience of victimization by the child while
authoritarianism best predicts bullying behavior, permissive parents tend to have children with difficulties in
curtailing their impulsive aggression. Other researchers have reported that children who bully their peers are more
likely to come from families where parents use authoritarian, harsh and punitive child rearing practices. Bullies
describe their family as authoritarian; more conflict oriented and less organized, while children who perceive their
parents as authoritative (i.e. setting limits but respecting their children‟s independence and being responsive to their
needs) are less likely to engage in bullying behavior. Deviant behaviour and victimization at school have been
consistently related to poor psychological adjustment in adolescents. It shows that adolescent deviant behaviour and
victimization were positively related to psychological distress as seen by the total effects. However, while
victimization was directly related to psychological distress, the association of deviant behaviour and psychological
distress was mediated by adolescent parent communication and adolescent–teacher relationships. Multi group
analyses showed that relationships among variables were not significantly different for groups of age and gender.
Furthermore Stelios and Panayiotis (2013), go on to say there is sufficient evidence in the literature that parental
practices, attitudes and behaviour at home are related to the child‟s aggressive activity at school. Developed and
tested a model describing the effects of structural and functional family characteristics on peer aggression. They
reported that parenting and family management practices interacted with individual behavioral attributes and
contributed indirectly to aggressive behaviour such as bullying. Similarly, tested models of the early development of
child conduct problems that incorporate the reciprocal effects of child behavior on parenting practice and of
parenting on child behavior, they concluded “that discipline encounters are really co-constructed by the parent and
the child rather than imposed on the child in a “top down” fashion by the parent. In other words, children are active
producers of their relationship with their parents, and their behavioral characteristics uniquely influence this
relationship. The strongest predictive factor for delinquency is having criminal parents. Whilst a very small part of
this effect may be accounted for by genetic factors, most of it must be related to the relationship that the parents have
with their children. It may be that parents provide a model of behaviour for the children to copy - but this would not
be direct, as parents rarely take their children along with them on their criminal activities. It may be that they provide
a model of aggressive and antisocial behaviour which in turn leads to delinquency. On the other hand, it is also likely
that delinquent parents are criminogenic parents in other ways, discipline where discipline is erratic or harsh;
children tend to become delinquent in adolescence. Such parents differ from normal parents in punishing harshly,
and in giving many commands.
Moore (2005), argues that there is now ample and accumulating evidence in developed and developing countries
that the conditions under which children and young people grow up are crucial for their mental and physical health,
and emotional, social and intellectual development. A huge range of factors influence and shape their lives. The
quality of early childhood care and conditions, and parental and family relationships, are especially important. Local
and family poverty, poor housing and environmental conditions, all have a major impact on family life and the
quality of such care (Edwin, 2007).
Danielle et al. (2006), conducted a study on Relation of Positive and Negative Parenting to Children‟s
Depressive Symptoms. This study examined the combined and cumulative effects of supportive–positive and harsh–
negative parenting behaviors on children‟s depressive symptoms. A diverse sample of 515 male and female
elementary and middle school students (ages 7 to 11) and their parents provided reports of the children‟s depressive
symptoms. Parents provided self-reports of supportive–positive and harsh–negative parenting behaviors. Structural
equation modeling indicated that supportive–positive and harsh–negative parenting behaviors were nearly
orthogonal dimensions of parenting and both related to children‟s depressive symptoms. Supportive–positive
parenting behaviors did not moderate the relation between harsh–negative parenting behaviors and children‟s
depressive symptoms. Results have implications for family intervention and preventions strategies.
3. Methods
The study was a descriptive survey on parental involvement and student deviancy at Bokamoso JSS. It was
meant describe the relationship between parenting and deviancy at Bokamoso JSS. Therefore, the major purpose of
employing this design was mainly to describe the nature of the condition as it took place during the time of the study
and to explore the associations of a particular condition thereby giving a snapshot of the conditions of study
The target population were students of Bokamoso Secondary school. A non-probability sampling in the form of
Purposive sampling was used in which the researcher decides who to sample based on the problem under study.
Purposive sampling is a type of non-probability sampling in which the researcher consciously selects specific
elements or subjects for inclusion in a study in order to ensure that the elements had certain characteristics relevant
to the study in these case a total of 12 students identified by the guidance and counselling teacher in Bokamoso Jss
were chosen to take part in the study.
A closed ended questionnaire with a Likert scale one (1) to four (4) being; 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree,
3=agree and 4 = strongly agree was handed given to paricipants to complete.
To provide answers to the research question, the mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were utilised. A criterion
means of 2.50 was used to determine level of accepting an item while mean below 2.50 was regarded as rejection of
item. The standard deviation on the other hand demonstrated convergence or divergence about the item, that a
smaller the standard deviation showed homogeneity in response to an item by respondents.
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To ensure anonymity participants were asked not to write their names on the questionnaires and consent was
sought through signing of consent forms.
4. Results
Table-1. Percentage representation of males and females in the sample population
Frequency Percent
Male 8 66.7
Female 4 33.3
Total 12 100.0
Table-2. Mean standard deviation and standard error of the mean of variables in the study
The above shows the mean average of Student responses with regards to how parenting contribute to deviancy
among students at Bokamoso JSS and from the table above the mean average was found to be 2.55 these results
show parental involvement is a factor associated with deviancy amongst student at Bokamoso JSS.
5. Discusion
The objective of the study was to determine the parenting contributes to deviancy among students at Bokamao
Secondary School. The findings revealed that parents are not aware of the peers their children associate with and
these implies that parents are not aware of the people/ crowd their children spend time with hence these can have a
negative influence on the behavior of that child as it can result in them being influenced to participate in the wrong
activities such as smoking or end up bulling other students. The overall mean score of 2.35 which is below the
criterion mean of 2.50 clearly demonstrate low parental involvement in activities that promotes positive behavior and
deter deviancy.The findings support the observations made by Stelios and Panayiotis (2013), Hulela and Matsolo
(2011), Terry (2004), Poole (2003) and Yinusa (2018) who reported a positive linear relationship between parenting
styles and student behavior. All these findings demonstrate that a poor parenting invariably contributes to student
deviancy in school and consequently poor results.
6. Conclusion
Was found that parenting can be a factor associated with deviancy amongst students at Bokamoso Jss therefore
it can be concluded parental involvement is an important factor which plays a huge role in molding the behaviour of
child hence reason students should be given proper guidance and monitoring both at home and in school and to help
prevent unwanted behaviour.
Recommendation
The Researcher recommends that they should be joint disciplinary council consisting of parents or guardians,
teachers and school management which will usually recommends on how to deal or act with certain offences
depending on the gravity of the offence.
References
Berg, A. and Bernard, M. (2004). Conformity and deviation. Harper and Brothers: New York.
Dalhatu, I. and Yunusa, A. (2013). How bad parenting affect children. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied
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Mean Std. Deviation
My parents help me with school assignments? 12 2.17 .718
My parents praise/encourage regarding your
school performance?
12 2.83 .937
My parents punish me i have done something
wrong?
12 2.58 .793
I find it easy to sit down and talk to my parents
about my problems either at school or at home
12 2.25 .754
My parents allow me to participate in
Extracurricular activities at school?
12 3.50 .905
Are your parent aware of you peer Relations e.g.
friends you spend time with at school.
12 1.92 1.084
Are your parents eager to see school report 12 3.17 .937
My parents encourage me to go to school on time. 12 3.58 .669
I share what I have learnt with other students 12 2.33 .651
Is school important to you? 12 3.83 .389
Average mean and standard Deviation 12 2.35 .572
6. Research Journal of Education
182
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