The document discusses paragraph writing and its key components. A paragraph contains a topic sentence that introduces the main idea, followed by primary support sentences that directly relate to the topic and secondary support sentences that provide additional context. A concluding sentence wraps up the key points. For example, a paragraph about tourist attractions in Peshawar would have a topic sentence introducing places to visit, primary support sentences on Islamia College, Bala Hisar Fort and the Peshawar Museum, along with secondary support details about each location. In conclusion, Peshawar has historically been an exciting place for people to visit.

1. Paragraph Writing
Amir Zaman
BS (Hons) English Literature
Department of English, Islamia College Peshawar

2. PARAGRAPH WRITING
Paragraph is a group of sentences that are mutually interconnected
with one another and focuses on a single topic.
Always avoid writing long paragraphs because then every sentence
in it may not have a definite relation to the topic.

3. Necessities of a Paragraph
 Unity. It is the key note of a paragraph. The main concern is on a
single focus. If it begins with a one focus or major point of discussion,
it should not end with another topic.
 Coherence. Facts and ideas should be arranged in logical order.
 Adequate development. Every sentence should grow out of the
preceding one and there should be no abruptness of thought anywhere.

4. Components of a Paragraph
 Topic Sentence
 Primary Support Sentences
 Secondary Support Sentences
 Concluding Sentence/Conclusion

5. Topic Sentence
o Topic sentence has the main idea of a paragraph.
o Every sentence of a paragraph contributes to the expansion of one idea.
o It tells us what idea the paragraph is going to deal with.

6. Topic Sentence
1. Primary Support
Sentence
(Directly support Topic Sentence)
2. Primary Support
Sentence
(Directly support Topic Sentence)
3. Primary Support
Sentence
(Directly support Topic Sentence)
1. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)
1. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary Support
but Indirectly Support Topic
Sentence)
1. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)
2. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)
2. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary Support
but Indirectly Support Topic
Sentence)
2. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)
3. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)
3. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary Support
but Indirectly Support Topic
Sentence)
3. Secondary Support
Sentence
(Directly Support Primary
Support but Indirectly Support
Topic Sentence)

7. Concluding Sentence/Conclusion
 The Concluding Sentence should arouse interest and should satisfy it.
Any effective and satisfying end to a paragraph is as important as the
Topic Sentence.

8. Peshawar (Topic)
 Topic Sentence
Peshawar has many exciting places for tourists.
It further needs three Primary Support sentences and for each Primary
Support Sentences, it need at least three Secondary Support Sentences .

9. 1. Primary Support Sentences
One such place is Islamia College Peshawar.
This Primary Support Sentences needs at least three Secondary Support
Sentences
 This is one of the historical colleges of the city.
 It has been declared as a cultural heritage by the UN.
 It enjoys a focal position in the standard institutions of the province.

10. 2.Primary Support Sentence
Another worth place in Peshawar is Bala Hisar Fort.
Here, this Primary support sentence at least three Secondary Support
Sentences.
 The fort was built during the age of Mughal Dynasty.
 During the British Era, it was used as a prison for the rebels.
 The most outstanding feature of this fort is its architectural beauty.

11. 3. Primary Support Sentence
Any visit to Peshawar is incomplete without visiting Peshawar Museum.
It further needs at least three Secondary Support Sentence.
 The museum is rich in Gandahara Art.
 It contains the ancient coins of the time of Alexander the great, Mughal
era and British era.
 The Museum also has a rich library containing the books of different
disciplines and different ages.

12. Concluding Sentence
 Hence, we can say that Peshawar has always been a very exciting place
for the people and it attracts people from different areas of the region.

13. Peshawar
 Peshawar has many exciting places for tourists. One such place is
Islamia College. This is one of the historical colleges of the city. It has
been declared as a cultural heritage by the UN. It enjoys a focal
position in the standard institutions of the province. Another worth
place in Peshawar is Bala Hisar Fort. The fort was built during the age
of Mughal Dynasty. During the British Era it was used as a prison for
the rebels. The most outstanding feature of this fort is its architectural
beauty. Any visit to Peshawar is incomplete without visiting Peshawar
Museum. The museum is rich in Gandahara Art. It contains the ancient
coins of the time of Alexander the great, Mughal era and British era.
The Museum also has a rich library containing the books of different
disciplines and different ages. Hence, we can say that Peshawar has
always been a very exciting place for the people and it attracts people
from far flung areas.

14. QUESTIONS