Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, writer, and philologist in the late 19th century whose work has profoundly influenced modern thought. He began his career as a classical philologist at a young age before turning to philosophy. His writing explored philosophical concepts like the Ubermensch and eternal return and critiqued religion, morality, and the "death of God." Nietzsche suffered mental breakdown in 1889 at age 44 and lived his remaining years in an unsound mental state until his death in 1900. His work addressed cultural and philosophical issues through aphorisms and was influential though also controversial.

1. By Payal Mudliar
SHRI BALAJI
INFOTECH
YOUTUBE
CHANNEL
Friedrich Wilhelm
Nietzsche
English Literature
Literary Criticism

2. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German
philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet,
writer, and philologist whose work has
exerted a profound influence on modern
intellectual history.
INTRODUCTION

3.  He began his career as a classical
philologist before turning to philosophy.
 Nietzsche became the youngest ever to
hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the
University of Basel in 1869 at the age of
24.
 Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health
problems that plagued him for most of his
life and he completed much of his core
writing the following decade.

4.  In 1889, at the age of 44, he suffered a collapse and afterwards, a
complete loss of his mental faculties.
 He levied his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in
1897 and then with his sister, Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsche.

5.  His early inspiration was drawn from figures such as Arthur
Schopenhauer, Richard Wagner and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
 His writing spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism and
fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony.
 Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of
truth in favor of perspectivism; his genealogical critique of religion and
Christian morality and his related theory of master-slave morality; his
aesthetic affirmation of existence in response to the “death of God” and
the profound crisis of nihilism.

6.  In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative
powers of the individual to overcome social, cultural and moral contexts
in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health.
 Nietzsche wrote an extremely shameful letter to his mother declaring
that he fully understood if she never wished to contact him again after
the atrocity he had committed. He had been drunk the previous
weekend
 Corresponding with Danish public figure Georg Brandes about a series
of lectures in Copenhagen, Nietzsche described himself as, “an idiot who
knows neither Danish or Swedish.”

7.  He developed influential concepts such as the Ubermensch and the
doctrine of eternal return.
 He wrote a proud letter to his mother after becoming the first student in
many years to receive the top grade from a notoriously harsh Latin
teacher.
 He was a dedicated Christian for the first few years of his life, although
he expressed disdain for the religion at the age of 14.
 He was determined at one point to drop philosophy and study
chemistry instead.

8.  He was appointed as a professor of philology at the age of 24.
 He was not an anti-Semite, as some believe. In fact, Nietzsche criticizes
anti-Semites in much of his writings.
 Before and during the Third Reich, Nietzsche’s sister, who was married
to a prominent Nazi, was responsible for a massive misinterpretation of
his work, which was abused by the Nazi regime.
 Thus Spoke Zarathustra, considered by many to be Nietzsche’s main
work, is a book in four parts, each written in only ten days.
 For a long time, Nietzsche was a very close friend of the famous
composer Richard Wagner and his wife.

9.  Nietzsche’s autobiography ends with the
line, “Have I been understood?
 Nietzsche proposed to Lou Salome three
times, but his proposal was rejected each
time.
 The Nietzsche scholar Joachim Kohler
suggests that Nietzsche may have had a
romantic relationship, as well as a
friendship, with Paul Ree.

10.  By the end of the 1890s, Nietzsche had won international fame, but his
mental state was so bad by then that he was almost completely
unaware of the fact.
 train philologist, he had a thorough knowledge of Greek philosophy. He
read Kant, Plato, Mill, Schopenhauer and Spir, who became his main
opponents in his philosophy
 His philosophy, while innovative and revolutionary, was indebted to
many predecessors.
 Nietzsche expressed admiration for 17th century French moralists such
as La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyere and Vauvenargues, as well as for
Stendhal.

11.  He died, adjudged insane, on
August 25, 1900
 In 1861, Nietzsche wrote an
enthusiastic essay on his “favorite
poet,” Friedrich Holderlin, who was
mostly forgetting at that time.

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