1. Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal
Environment in a Rural Residential Building for
Addressing Energy Poverty
Presented by :
Adhish Kumar Khadka
079MSEEB003
Pulchowk Campus
Paper review on
2. Written By:
Yiyun Zhu, Xiaona Fan, Changjiang Wang and Guochen Sang
Analysis of Heat Transfer and
Thermal Environment in a
Rural Residential Building for
Addressing Energy Poverty
3. Where the
research
was done
What
researchers'
did
What this
research
provides us
• Analysis of Heat
Transfer and Thermal
Environment
• in a Rural Residential
Building
• for Addressing Energy
Poverty
• a typical rural residential
building
• in the Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region in
Northwest China
• a reference for the design
and construction of rural
residential buildings
• in Northwest China and
similar areas for addressing
energy poverty
6. Contextual Background
• Why climate change has become global issue?
• Energy consumption of buildings = 40% and still rising
• Contribution of energy efficiency in building to a
sustainable economy
Scenario of Research location
7. Scenario of Northern China
600 million
residency in
rural area
Energy
consumption
ratio > 10X to
Southern
China
Huge amount
of energy
consumed in
space heating
Mostly buildings
are energy
inefficient
Solid brick wall
and single-
layer glass
window
Large
window/wall
ratio is
commonly
used
8. Literature Review
• Roberts, D.; Vera-Toscano, E.; Phimister, E. Fuel
poverty in the UK: Is there a difference between rural
and urban areas? Energy Policy 2015, 87, 216–223
• Bouzarovski, S.; Petrova, S.; Sarlamanov, R. Energy
poverty policies in the EU: A critical perspective.
Energy Policy 2012, 49, 76–82.
A report of building energy efficiency in rural China by Evans et al. [7]
found that most of these buildings are very energy inefficient.
Rural energy inefficient buildings, however, are not just
a concern in China, which is a developing country; as
reported by Roberts et al. [12] and Bouzarovski et al.
[13], the level of fuel poverty in the United Kingdom
increased rapidly from 2003 to 2010 due to the dramatic
increase in electricity and gas prices.
• Shan, M.; Wang, P.S.; Li, J.; Yue, J.; Yang, X. Energy and
environment in Chinese rural buildings: Situations,
challenges, and intervention strategies. Build. Environ. 2015,
91, 271–282.
• Liu, J.P.; Wang, L.Y.; Yoshino, Y.; Liu, Y.F. The thermal
mechanism of warm in winter and cool in summer in China
traditional vernacular dwellings. Build. Environ. 2011, 46,
1709–1715.
• Evans, M.; Yu, S.; Song, B.; Deng, Q.Q.; Liu, J.; Delgado, A.
Building energy efficiency in rural China. Energy Policy 2014,
64, 243–251.
Shan et al. [8] and Liu et al. [9] also reported energy
and environmental situations, challenges, and
intervention strategies in Chinese rural buildings.
9. Outro of Introduction
A brief touch to :
• Why Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region?
• Objective of the study
• Aim of the paper
• Tools used
14. Instruments used
Test Parameters Range Accuracy
Test Instrument Type Test Parameters Range Accuracy
Solar radiometer JTDL-4 Solar radiation
intensity
0–2000 W/m2 ±0.2 ◦C
Thermometer and
hydrometer
TESTO175-H Air temperature −20 to 70 ◦C ±0.1 ◦C
Envelope structure
heat transfer
coefficient detector
JTNT-C Interior wall surface
temperature
−20 to 85 ◦C ±0.2 ◦C
Hot wire
anemometer
Testo425 Air velocity 0–20 m/s ±0.03%
16. Data Analysis
Internal Heat transfer
1
3
2
Grashof number
4
Nusselt number
5
Average heat transfer coefficient
17. Data Analysis
The calculated convective heat transfer coefficient was applied to walls, windows and door surfaces. For which a 2D
model was created in ANSYS software to analyze the heat flux through the building.
Internal Heat transfer
18. Data Analysis
External Heat transfer
1
A numerical model was created using ANSYS CFX software to
obtain wind velocities near the buildings.
2
3
20. Temperature
• Outdoor temperature ranged
from -7.6°C to 2.5°C, with a
mean temperature of -2.7°C.
• Indoor average temperature in
the main function room was
9.48°C, while the secondary
function room averaged
4.02°C.
• The average surface
temperature of the west wall
in the main bedroom was
9.45°C.
21. Solar radiation
• Local sunshine duration was
approximately 11 hours.
• Average solar radiation
intensity was 286 W/m2, with
a peak value of 544.8 W/m2
around 4:00 pm.
• Direct solar radiation
accounted for about 80% of
the total radiation intensity.
22. Heat flow
• Heat flux at the middle section of
the partition wall between the main
bedroom and the second room was
3.04 W/m2.
• Significant heat flow occurred at the
window corners of the main
bedroom's south and north walls.
• Flow rate from the main bedroom to
the second bedroom through the
partition wall was 55.3 W.
• Heat flow through the north, south,
and west enclosures of the second
bedroom was 260.5 W.
• Installing double-glazed windows
with a 12-mm air gap would reduce
the heat flow rate from the second
bedroom by approximately 7%.
23. Discussion
Comfortable indoor temperature
Low indoor temperatures and
health impacts
Heat loss and building envelope
Solar radiation and heating
Thermal mass and energy storage
Building orientation and wind
blocking
Energy efficiency measures
Challenges and future
improvements
24. Conclusion
• Advantages of a typical rural residential building with a south-facing layout
• Computer simulations can be employed to predict the wind velocity
distributions around the building.
• Maximizing solar energy utilization in the area is crucial for space heating
purposes.
• Using double-glazed windows and insulation boards to minimize heat loss
from the room.
• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is recommended to obtain the
convective heat transfer coefficient at different locations to conduct heat
flow rate calculations in building energy efficiency analysis,
