Paper On Mood Disorder

Paper On Mood Disorder
Mood disorder refers to the destruction or disturbance of the mood. Firstly, this paper will explain
the causes of mood disorders using psychological and sociocultural factors followed by the
arguments of the strengths and limitations for each factor. The most unique contribution to
psychological disorder is stress and trauma. To know what causes mood disorder, we reflect on the
stressful or traumatic life events. I am going to discuss two major features which contribute to
psychological disorder. Psychological mood disorder refers to behavioral pattern which affects
multiple areas of life. The first feature is stress and depression. When asked what causes depression,
most people define depression such as chronic strains, loneliness, unemployment, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another good example will be a single mother of three kids losing her job. Such stressful events
may lead to depression. However, stress and depression has its share of limitations. For example, if
a single mother whose three kids are working loses her job, she may not feel much affected as she
still has the support of her children working and able to support financially unlike a single mother
with schooling children instead. The second feature which causes mood disorder is bipolar disorder.
Experiencing depressive and maniac episodes which may be intense may lead a person to face
bipolar disorder. The cause of such disorder is because of being related to poor interpersonal
problem solving which may influence one's quantity and quality of social network. Interpersonal
relationship refers to the family, social environment whereby there is a difference in ethnicity and
genders across age groups for both males and females. Another example will be failing an important
exam, or developing abnormal diseases or even a series of several stressors (Carson et al., 2000).
However, on the other hand, life develops as disorder
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Mood Disorders: Clinical Depression
Depression Depression has a lot of terms, diagnosis, names, and treatments. Another name for
depression is also "clinical depression". It is a mood disorder that has genetic, biological,
psychological and environmental factors that play a big part in it. This disorder affects not only the
mind, but body as well, with something called an "episode". An episode is where a person can be
depressed for weeks or months at a time. Clinical depression is not something that should be taken
lightly. Depression can lead to thoughts of death, or even suicide, if not properly taken care of.
Suicide is most commonly found in teen depression. With all the right treatment and medication, it
can be helped. People that have depression can sometimes seem fine ... Show more content on
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The low will give out major symptoms of sadness, irritability, loss of energy, and even loss of
appetite". High mood swings are almost the opposite of low mood swings and can lead to extreme
happiness, great energy, sleeping less, rapidly talking, and risky behavior. Some episodes and mood
swings can last anywhere from weeks or even months. Atypical Depression is not typical. People
with Atypical depression feel agitated, and they over eat, and sleep. They are also very sensitive to
rejection. Seasonal Affective Disorder, also known as S.A.D, affects people during certain parts of
the seasons. Seasonal changes in sunlight typically make people become depressed in the fall and
winter months, because of the loss of sunlight. Symptoms can include fatigue, excessive sleep, and
increased appetite. The treatment for this type of disorder is pretty simple; sit in the sunlight, or sit
in front of a special light almost like the

Mood Disorders: Axis IV
Mood Disorders are the result of severe or manic depression that occurs past a normal state of
depression. When one has a normal depressed mood, he or she responds to the quandary of news or
event in his or her own life however, are usually able to return to their normal state within a short
time. Those who are diagnosed with a Mood Disorder are not able to return to their normal state.
The DSM–IV segregates and identifies the distinctiveness of the mood disorders into axes that are
then utilized in classifying the disorders to ensure the proper treatment associated for the sufferer.
This technique assisted psychiatrists in efficiently rendering a fair diagnosis in moderate to severe
disorders. There are more than ten million people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Axis IV provides the information that reveals the environmental stimuli that accompanies the
disease/disorder. Stimuli that contribute to the disorders can be from a simple argument with a
family member to legal and financial problems. Last, is Axis V which has a rating scale called The
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). This assessment test scores the patient from 0 to 100, to
determining the functions and capabilities that they are able to deal with in a normal life setting
(Zimmerman, 2002).
Being sad is a normal part of being human. Sadness is a natural reaction to some sort of painful
experience that happens to us. Examples of some experiences that may cause sadness are: death of a
friend or family member, divorce, loss of a job, or even a diagnosis of a general medical condition
from axes III. All humans, at times, feel depressed or have feelings of sadness. The difference
between MMD and normal, natural feelings of sadness is how long the feelings last and how it
effects your life. It's not just having a day that isn't going well; this disorder interferes with a
person's life. It may alter their perception of the event, and replaces it with irrational beliefs that
provide no will to function normally in their daily interactions especially with others. Their entire
demeanor, including emotions and physical well being is changed. Major Depressive Disorder
sufferer's have difficulty concentrating, and don't

Bipolar Disorder : A Common And Debilitating Mood Disorder
Corey Brooks PSY 113–01 Dr. Shamberg 29 April 2016 Bipolar Disorder The Bipolar disorder
(AKA) manic depression is a common and debilitating mood disorder which causes extreme shifts
in energy and mood. The word bipolar means that the two main polar extremes in which a person
with the disorder experiences. According to part of the National Institutes of Health that watches
over neurological and psychological research this disorder affects about 2.1 million adults in the
United States and about 1 percent of the entire world. The first signs of this disorder usually appear
in childhood and early adulthood, with cases rarely happening in childhood, no discoveries have
been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the wildest symptoms is the over involvement in risk taking activities known as hyper–
sexuality. If an episode gets worse people may begin to experience some symptoms that are just like
some symptoms of schizophrenia. Including hallucinations, delusions, and severely wild thinking
and reasoning patterns. This sometimes leads to the misdiagnosis of people with bipolar disorder as
people with schizophrenia, sometimes episodes can even lead to unprovoked violence towards
anything like objets and people they may or may not even know. During those manic episodes
people usually wont even reconize exactly what they are doing at that time during an episode and
wont really have any control over their own thoughts and actions. A hypomanic episode is just like a
manic episode only a little less severe. The symptoms of a hypomanic episode include pretty much
most of the same symptoms as a manic episode does, with a decreased need for sleep, fast racing
thoughts and the occasional anger trips. However, those hypomanic episodes aren't usually
perceptible to others and do not lessen someones social, work, or family life in any really big ways.
The people that are going through a hypomanic episode are usually upbeat and more pleasant than
angry and need very little time to sleep

Antidepressant And Mood Disorders
Mood disorders can often be treated with success. Treatment may include three types of it: First the
Antidepressant, and mood stabilizing medications –– especially when combined with psychotherapy
have shown to work very well in the treatment of depression. Second the Psychotherapy, most often
cognitive – behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy. This therapy is focused on changing the person's
distorted views of himself or herself and the environment around him or her. It also helps to improve
interpersonal relationship skills, and identifying stressors in the environment and how to avoid them.
Third the Family therapy, other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial
stimulation. Families play a vital supportive role in

Notes On ' Mood Disorders '
Your name: Alexa Lombardo
Group members: Caitlin Lehane, Selena Ainzuain
Assignment 3–6
25 points each
Portfolio Written Assignment #6
Class Topic/Book Chapter: Mood Disorders/Chapter 14
Brain area: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
What article?
1. Article Reference in APA format. You are also graded here for how appropriate and well selected
the article is.
Sequeria, A., Morgan, L., Walsh, D.M., Cartagena, P.M., Choudary, P., Li, J., & Vawter, M.P. (2012).
Gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens
of mood disorders subjects that committed suicide. Plos ONE, 7(4), doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0035367
About Article (Questions 2–6) TO BE COMPLETED AS A GROUP
2. What was this research study broadly about? What was the specific research question the authors
tried to answer? Answer will likely be found by a critical reading of the INTRODUCTION.
Researchers wanted to look into the gene expression changes associated with suicide in the brains of
both suicide and non–suicide patients with mood disorders. The researchers looked at the three
regions of the brain that are often related to suicidal behavior alterations and behaviors known to be
altered in mood disorders
3. Why did the authors do this study? Why was it worth it? What was missing in the literature– what
was the GAP the researchers seeked to fill? Answer will likely be found by a critical reading of the
INTRODUCTION.
There have been many studies done comparing the genes

Mood Disorder Research Paper
Depression is sadness, which is commonly elicited in situations often associated with the loss of an
important social relationship or object. Prolonged sadness can lead to a mood disorder or syndrome
called depression. Mood disorders are known as the oldest recognized psychiatric syndrome. In the
early 5th century BC, Hippocrates and others believed that health was achieved by black bile. This
illness resulted from a chemical imbalance of humors. Black bile originated from the word
depression, which was associated when there was too much black bile. During the 5th century
depression was due to an excess of black bile. Depression is able to occur at all ages and could have
risk factors.
Psychosocial stress or a negative life event could factor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sense of isolation and hopelessness contributes to depression and suicide. Men are more likely to
killed themselves with firearms or by hanging. Women often overdose themselves, twice as many
women as men attempt suicide. Suicide victims have a dysfunctional 5–HT system. Postmortem
studies indicate low CSF levels of 5–HIAA. 5HT level, as assessed by 5–HIAA, is slightly lower in
depressed patients who attempt suicide and lower in those who reattempt. In the dorsal raphe, 5–
HTP levels are elevated suggesting that the brain is attempting to make more serotonin. Additional
biological changes such

Research Paper On Mood Disorder
Mood Disorder Introduction: A mood disorder is a psychological well–being class that wellbeing
experts use to extensively portray a wide range of depressions. Youngsters, teenagers, and grown–
ups can have mood disorders. Be that as it may, kids and adolescents don't generally have
indistinguishable side effects from grown–ups. It's harder to diagnose mood disorders in kids since
they aren't generally ready to express how they feel. Mood disorders influence around 13% of the
populace. Everybody encounters highs and lows in life, yet individuals with mood disorders
encounter them with more prominent power and for longer timeframes than a great many people.
Depression is the most widely recognized mood disorder; a man with depression feels low. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Depression may as of now show up amid childhood (Nierenberg, 2016). A depressive child may
exhibit physical pathologies, for example, migraines, stomach–throbs, fever, may decline to go to
class, be drearily joined to a parent, or stress for the conceivable death of a parent (Halli, 2015).
Since ordinary conduct shifts starting with one phase of childhood then onto the next, it might be
hard to comprehend if the child is essentially experiencing a physiological stage or else is
experiencing depression. Parents and educators may watch adequate changes in conduct to bring
about caution. Once more, here a pediatric assessment ought to avoid whatever other reason for
physical symptoms and the child ought to ideally to seen by a child neuropsychiatrist. Depression in
men is regularly masked by liquor and medication mishandle, or hyperactivity in working life (Halli,
2015). It might happen that depression in men doesn't manifest as absence of expectation, or
powerlessness to get help, but instead as peevishness and outrage (Nierenberg, 2016). Along these
lines, this sort of depression might be harder to distinguish. An increase in patients of mood
disorders with age 6 to 17 years of mood disorders was noted during 2015. A study found that mood
disorder patients are among the highest population who are uninsured in

Depression: A Mood Disorder
Depression is a mood disorder that affects many aspects of the brain as well as the body. It is mostly
triggered by changes in hormone levels, grief,environmental causes,and stress. Genetics also
increase a person's susceptibility to acquiring depression. Some symptoms include hopelessness,
loss of enjoyment of activities you have previously found pleasure in, sleep disturbances, slowed
thinking and movements, anxiety, feelings of worthlessness and suicidal thoughts and attempts.
Studies on the brain show that there is no consistent physical change in brain tissues to the naked
eye or microscope. However, scans can show functional abnormalities in the brain. The frontal lobe
responsible for motor functions and problem solving and the

Disruptive Mood Disorder Analysis
As described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), disruptive
mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis characterized by chronic irritability that
requires clinical attention. Averna, D'Agati, & Vicari (2016) emphasize that the prevalence of this
type of disorder ranges from 0.8% to 3.3% with higher rates in preschool age children (as cited in
Copeland et al. 2013) p.149. Mulraney et al.(2016) state that the child who received diagnosis of
DMDD experiences symptoms such as irritable/angry mood almost everyday, severe temper
outburst for an average of more than three times per week, and has difficulty functioning at multiple
settings which includes home, school, and with peers. The symptoms must ... Show more content on
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Aripiprazole is a type of atypical antipsychotics that approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) to treat irritability, conduct disorder as well as autism in young patients
between 6 to 17 years old. According to Averna, D'Agati, & Vicari (2016), aripiprazole has an
exclusive mechanism of action such as having a combination of partial agonism at the D2 and 5–
HT1A receptors and antagonism at the 5–HT2A receptor. For that reason, it leads them to
hypothesize the existence of a possible dose– effect relationship of aripiprazole in the treatment of
DMDD (pp.149–150). The most common side effects of aripiprazole/abilify are nausea, headaches,
abdominal pain, heartburn, and the serious side effects are irregular heart beat, tightening of neck
muscles and throat, chest pain, confusion and etc. Since the symptoms of DMDD are more related in
the pathophysiology to children with depression, ADHD, and anxiety disorders, the risks for mania
is subsided. Therefore, the acceptable choices would be selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and
CNS stimulants. In preliminary evidence proposes that youth with ADHD and DMDD or with
ADHD and repeated aggression respond positively to CNS stimulants with slight risk of manic
activation/adverse emotional effects

Mood Disorders Research Paper
Mood Disorders and how they affect your everyday life
Intro
Most people have a hard time getting through the day with the everyday things, like school, work,
and family. But for some this isn't the only thing that gives them problems for some they have to
deal with mood disorders. A mood disorder is a psychological disorder that is characterized by the
elevation or lowering of a person's mood. According to the mental health of Americas wed site there
are four basic forms of mood disorders I will talk in depth about them later but they are depression,
Cyclothymia, seasonal affective disorder otherwise known as SAD, and last Mania. (Mood
Disorders) People with these psychological disorders have to approach each day differently than a
person ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Seasonal Affective disorder is a type of depression that happens when the seasons change.
According to the Mayo Clinic, seasonal affective disorder starts at the same time each year normally
in the fall and continuing through winter. Those who suffer from Seasonal affective disorder feel
like their energy is being sapped out of them and becoming more moody. (Seasonal Affective
Disorder (SAD)) People who have SAD will often have light depression in the spring and early
summer. This will mostly impact people who do things for the holidays. This time of year is already
stressful for most but for those who have seasonal affective disorder it will be ten times harder for
them to get things

1. According to DSM, a mood disorder is a disturbance in an individual's mood, mood disorder is
not one disorder falls into several categories of which depression is the one which is most
researched. 2. Mood disorders fall into the basic groups of elevated mood, such as mania or
hypomania; depressed mood, of which the best–known and most researched is major depressive
disorder (MDD) (commonly called clinical depression, unipolar depression, or major depression);
and moods which cycle between mania and depression, known as bipolar disorder (BD) (formerly
known as manic depression). There are several sub–types of depressive disorders or psychiatric
syndromes featuring less severe symptoms such as dysthymic disorder (like but milder than MDD)
and cyclothymic disorder (similar to but milder than BD. Mood disorders may also be substance–
induced or occur in response to a medical condition. 3. Unipolar disorder is depression with no signs
of mania, can be treated with anti–depressants whereas bipolar disorder is categorized as depression
with signs of mania. 4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
casual effects of depression are Genetics meaning it can be handed down from parents through
family history. Genes are a vital part of our development. Another cause is Abnormal Brain
Structure and Chemistry; this cause of depression is because individuals are not balanced in
neurotransmitter, the communication chemicals in the brain so it causes the brain to not function
effectively. The National Institute for Mental Health states that people who suffer from depression
have a slightly different brain structure from someone who doesn't. Cortisol is a hormone regulator
in the body that responds to stress, fear and anger, a normal person's level of cortisol is peaked in the
morning and decreases throughout the day. Whereas a depressed individual's levels stay peaked all
day. This form on Hormone Imbalance is a factor of depressive

Depression A Mood Disorder Paper
Depression is a mood disorder which causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest;
affecting how you feel, think, behave and can ultimately lead to a variety of emotional and physical
problems. "Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. In 2014,
around 15.7 million adults age 18 or older in the U.S. had experienced at least one major depressive
episode in the last year, which represented 6.7 percent of all American adults. At any point in time, 3
to 5 percent of adults suffer from major depression; the lifetime risk is about 17 percent. As many as
2 out of 100 young children and 8 out of 100 teens may have serious depression." (ADAA, 2017)
Depression is the leading cause of disability in the US. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, "the percentage of physician office visits with depression indicated on the medical record
is 10.1%" (CDC, 2013), indicating a high percentage of people with depression go untreated.
Unfortunately, depression is so widespread that it is inevitable for each and everyone of us at some
point in our life. Another reason for the comparison is because there is no absolute cure for the
common cold and same with depression. Seeking professional help, mixed with therapy and
prescription medication will help in treating the symptoms, making life

The Mood Disorder Depression Essay
The Mood Disorder Depression Depression can be defined as an affective, or mood disorder
characterized by mood deviations that exceed normal mood fluctuations. At its most extreme,
depression can describe a psychotic state where the individual cannot function on his or her own.
Everyone can go through times of feeling down for a period of time after having suffered a loss, but
for people with the illness known as depression, these feelings of sadness can go on for long periods
of time. In fact, about 1 in every 10 of us will be seriously depressed during sometime in our lives.
As viewed by psychiatrists, depression is an illness in which a person experiences a marked change
in their mood and in the way they view themselves and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One type of depression is known as major depression which is the most serious of all types of
depression when speaking of the amount of symptoms and severity of symptoms. Some believe that
one must feel suicidal or have a history of hospitalizations in order to be considered to have major
depression, however this is not true. Bipolar depression usually occurs during ones early twenties,
and is a disorder which involves mood switches which are dramatic and rapid, nevertheless most
often they are gradual. It also deals with cycles of elation or mania which often affects thinking,
judgment, and social behavior. Bipolar disorder almost always involves abnormal moods at both
ends of the "emotional spectrum." Those with bipolar depression can have extreme mood swings
ranging from extreme euphoria to incapacitating depression called manic episodes. Manic episodes
usually begin suddenly, and symptoms rise rapidly. During an episode of euphoria the persons self–
confidence is inflated, throughout this the persons ability to function is verily impaired, they can run
up bills or even disappear for weeks at a time. About 2 million Americans suffer from bipolar
disorder annually. For both men and women the chances of getting bipolar disorder are equal.
Another form of depression is dysthymic disorder which refers to a

Different Types Of Mood Disorders
Introduction In my term paper I will be discussing the different types of mood disorders, the two
types of disorders that will be covered in this paper is depressive and bipolar disorder. I will be
talking about the signs and symptoms, known causes and factors that contribute, current researches
that have been conducted on the disorders, and also the diagnosis and treatments. Bipolar Disorders
If you have a mood d367isorder your emotion or mood is changed by the outcome of an event or an
action by another person. (Diseases and Conditions: Mood Disorders , n.d.) The first type that I'm
going to discuss is bipolar disorder, which is a brain illness that causes your mood, energy, and your
ability to perform tasks on a daily basis to shift. There are at least four different types of bipolar
disorders, all four of these types cause your mood to shift, they just all have different behaviors, one
type is called manic episodes, which is a very hyper active behavior, and another type is depressive
episode, which is when a person is at their lowest of lows, and they all last for different variations of
times. Bipolar I Disorder is one type; the manic episode can last seven days or more or the episode
could be so bad that the person needs hospital care. Depressive episodes last at least two weeks, and
the person could have both episodes at the same time. Bipolar II Disorder is the second type, it is a
pattern of depressive and hypomanic, which is not as bad as manic episodes.

Have you ever wondered if the feelings of sadness or irritability you seem to not be able to
overcome are more than just a typical bad mood? It is normal to feel sadness or drowsiness when
reacting to life's struggles or setbacks, but it may be more than just a bad mood. Feelings come and
go, therefore if a person is experiencing sadness for a long period of time they might have some type
of mood disorder. A mood disorder can be defined as a psychological disorder characterized by the
elevation or lowering of a person's mood. Mood disorders do more than just make people feel sad
occasionally; it affects people's every day life. Throughout this paper the reader will understand the
different types of mood disorders, causes, different treatments, ... Show more content on
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Health professionals usually diagnose mood disorders through psychiatric evaluation. In Coyle's
book, Neuron, he says, "drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder and depression have
overlapping effects on certain signal transduction cascades" (Coyle 159). Depression and bipolar
disorder have many of the same treatments. Mood disorders are usually successfully treated through
a variety of different treatments. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, some of the treatments
include antidepressant and mood stabilizing medications, psychotherapy, family therapy, and other
types of therapy (Overview of Mood Disorders). Studies have shown that a combination of
medications and therapy have shown very well in the treatment of depression. Families often play an
important role in the treatment of mood disorders. According to the article, it says that "when
correctly diagnosed and treated, people with mood disorders can live, stable, productive, healthy
lives" (Overview of Mood Disorders). Can mood disorders be prevented? This is often a question
that many people have about mood disorders and according to the article studies have not yet shown
the prevention of mood disorders, however early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the symptoms,
enhance normal growth and development, and improve the quality of life of people who suffer from
different

Sleep Patterns And Mood Disorders
Abstract:
The relationship between sleep patterns and mood disorders such as depression is related to each
other, depression may cause sleep problems in children and adults. in other hand sleep problems can
cause mood fluctuations. Studies have found that children who obtained insufficient sleep during
night are more suffering from memory and mood disorders and impaired well functioning during
daytime. And mood can be affected by low socioeconomic status which has also found to be
associated with short sleep duration and insomnia in children. Thus our study aimed to evaluate and
examine the relationship between sleep changing and mood. We conducted our study through
Electronic searches of Medline, identify all relevant empirical studies, and ... Show more content on
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With 73% of children presenting with depression, they also suffer with either insomnia or
hypersomnia. Children with sleeping disturbance showed higher levels of depression and were more
likely to have a anxiety disorder compared to children without sleep disturbances. These studies
support strongly the correlation between sleep and affective disorders.
A community survey (Blader, Koplewicz, Abikoff, & Foley, 1997) of 987 parents of elementary
school–aged children reported the following problems related to children's sleep behaviors: Bedtime
resistance (27%), difficulty with morning wakening (17%), complaints of fatigue (17%), delayed
sleep onset (11%), and nighttime wakenings (7%). Rates are even higher in studies examining
clinical child populations, with restless sleep (43%) and night wakings (47%) affecting a substantial
number of children (Simonds & Parraga,

Research Paper On Mood Disorders
Mood disorders are the most common cases of mental illness. Every person encounters a type of
disorder at least once his life time. Having a mood disorder means that your' emotional state, or in
other words your "mood" is distorted (not stable). The disorder is characterized by bringing the
persons mood extremely up, or extremely down. Two examples are depression and bipolar disorder.
Mood disorders are usually episodic, they come every once in a while according to the person and
the events he would be going through. Some episodes might last longer than others. Mood disorders
vary in their different types, and every type of disorder has its specific causes and effects.
There are two types of mood disorders; the unipoler and the bipolar. The unipoler disorder is the
type of disorder that makes a person only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a type of depression that lasts much longer than the major depression. This disorder lasts for
at least 2 years. It is a chronic type of depression and should be treated since it might lead to suicide.
Speaking of the Mood disorder that is caused by health conditions, this is the type of disorder that
occurs to people suffering illnesses such as cancer, injuries, or infections, or any other chronic
illness. When an ill individual feels hopeless with the medical case he's in, a lot of negative thoughts
would be piling up in his had that will obviously lead to a major depression.
Another Mood disorder is the one that is caused by inducing substances in the body. This disorder is
caused by the excessive use of alcohol, drugs, or even medication. The excessive use of a substance
might lead to addiction. This addiction leads to depression and the victim would be stuck in a
vicious loop. An individual would start taking even more drugs to run away from the current
depressing reality. In some cases the intake of drugs would be the main reason for triggering of the
"depressing

Overview of Mood Disorders Essay
The Mood Disorders category of the DSM–IV–TR, is one of the most dense categories and probably
one of the most commonly talked about categories. People often make comments about being
depressed or having bipolar disorder; however, they might not truly meet the diagnostic criteria to
receive the diagnosis. There are several diagnoses in the Mood Disorders category which have been
organized into the following subsections: Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder,
Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cylcothymic
Disorder, Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical
Condition, Substance–Induced Mood Disorder and Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. ...
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For example, bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder are differentiated by the presence of a mixed
or manic episode. If a person diagnosed with bipolar II disorder develops a mixed or manic episode,
then his diagnosis should be changed to bipolar I Disorder. Another important differential diagnosis
is between a major depressive episode, a manic episode and a mixed episode. If a person
experiences the criteria to meet a major depressive episode and the criteria to meet a manic episode
nearly every day during a minimum of a one week period, then he will receive the mixed episode
diagnosis. Furthermore, the difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is that the
person in a hypomanic episode is not experiencing a disturbance severe enough to warrant
hospitalization or a marked impairment in his occupational functioning or social life.
It is also imperative to note the difference between a major depressive episode and major depressive
disorder. Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when a patient has a history of one or more major
depressive episodes without a history of mixed, manic or hypomanic episodes. Major depressive
disorder is distinguished from dysthymic disorder because a patient with dysthymic disorder has less
severe, chronic depressive symptoms which have been present more days than they have been
absent for a period of two years (one year for children and adolescence). Patients who chronically
have hypomanic symptoms and depressive

Mood Disorders Video Analysis
For this week's reflection assignment, I chose a video titled "Mood disorders: Major depressive
disorder, and bipolar Type 1." I chose this video because several family members of mine have (had)
depression, suicidal ideation, and a few others. The video was provided by way of youtube.com, and
was uploaded on 14 Feb 15 by Stomp on Step 1. It features Brian McDaniel as the narrator of the
video. The video begins with a stagnant introduction by Mr. McDaniel, and explains this video is
covering the topic of mood disorders. The common definition of mood disorder is given, a collection
of psychiatric conditions that involve a pervasive distortion of one's emotional state. He also notes
that everyone has normal, periodic changes, and this common occurrence. What makes mood
disorders is the extreme changes unrelated to a person's circumstances. There are more often then
not a person will have a near normal affect in between manic episodes. A normal mood of neither
positive or negative is known as euthymia (neutral). Mood can be classified as happy, or sad on the
opposite spectrum. Mr. McDaniel has am inforgraph that shows the many stages of one's psyche. ...
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He goes on to explain just what depression is. From what he described with the numbering,
designating the urgency of that category on the initial intake. I often get this when I go to the VA,
and have to fill out questions with numerical responses. I give the form to the psychiatric
professional, and they add the numbers up. Based of what those numbers are, we are often thought
of being in such a state described by criteria. I'm not sure it is the exact same thing, but I can
definitely relate to the way he is presenting it. It's kind of like the Glasgow coma scale for medics I

Mood Disorder Summary
It's very common for mood disorder to co–exist with comorbid anxiety disorders such as obsessive–
compulsive disorder. Some of the symptoms of depressive episodes discussed in lecture were
depressed mood, loss of interest, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, suicidal thoughts or action,
difficulty thinking or making decision, and fatigue or loss of energy. These are some of the
symptoms Mr. B mentioned having in the article. Some of the environmental factors contributing to
mood disorders is the uncontrollability of events, such as break up or job loss. Mr. B separated from
his wife 10 years ago and has two kids whom he can't visit as much as he wants. In class, it was
discussed that lithium, SSRI's, and tricyclic are used to treat mood disorders ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This helps the researcher identify if the client has been affected but those stigmas and comprehend
the client's situation better. Some of the stigma associated with MMD is that people don't consider it
a legitimate mental disorder, hence minimize the severity of the problem. Stigma surrounding
anxiety disorders include beliefs such as: they are not suitable employees, self–centered, and a sign
of personal weakness. In class we watched a video where a young mother had OCD. Her obsessions
were worrying about contamination, and need for order, and her compulsions were washing her
hands and avoiding the cracks in the streets. Her OCD were so severe that it was affecting her
lifestyle, which resonates with Mr. B's situation. Some of the prevention of mood disorders and
suicide is done by RAO–A, which teaches adolescents to manage stress, modify negative and
irrational thoughts, solve problem efficiently, develop and use social network, and enhancing social
skills and recognizing other perspectives. Treatments for anxiety disorders addressed in the book are
biological treatment (subject to side–effects and addiction) and psychological treatment involving
psychoeducation, somatic therapy, cognitive therapy and exposure based

Mood and Addictive Disorders
Mood and Addictive Disorders Mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorders, are the
most common among patients. Substance disorder is also very common in our society today. There
are many causes and different treatments for each. As well as potential gender and cultural
influences on depressive, bipolar, and substance disorders. Depressive disorder is an illness that the
whole body is involved, it affects the mood and thoughts. Depressive will interfere with daily life
and normal functions. This disorder plays effect of the person dealing with it as well as other
surrounding that cares for him or her. Depressive disorder is just not passing a blue mood. People
suffering with this disorder cannot physically pull ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Substance disorder is when a person is in the need of some kind of substance, such as alcohol or
other drugs, to be able to function. Many are addicted to one or more substance which leads to
clinically significant impairments or distress. If stop taking that certain substance could cause to
withdraws. The exact cause of substance cause is unknown. A person genetics, the action of the
drug, peer pressure, emotional distress, environmental stress, or other mental cause could all be
factors of becoming addiction to a drug. Many people who have become addicted may have
depression, attention deficit disorder, post–traumatic disorder, or another mental disorder. A stressful
or chaotic lifestyle and low self–esteem are also common in people who are suffering from
substance disorder. Substance disorder is a serious condition and can be difficult to treat. The best
treatment and care involves trained professionals. First step is to get the person to recognize the
problem. Denial is very common from a person suffering this condition. A lot of the times, you may
have to be taken off the drug slowly; or even substitute another less potent drug to cut the urges
down to stop the risk of withdraws. It is more hard for someone to stop abruptly all at once. The
have residential treatment programs for monitoring and teach possible withdraws and behaviors.
These programs are here to help address the problems and learn how to avoid relapsing. If a person
is also

The ability to express joy, anger, fear, frustration, sadness or other emotional highs and lows are
normal parts of human behavior. However it is unnatural to experience any of these emotional
outbursts over a prolonged period of time as it can have a serve impact on our mental and physical
wellbeing. This psychological disorder more commonly known as mood disorders is characterized
by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood. Mood disorders influence what an individual
thinks, how they feel about themselves, and the way they perceive their surroundings often in ways
that can impair an individual ability to live a healthy life. The National Institute of Mental Health
(NIH) states that approximately 20.9 million American adults, or about ... Show more content on
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It affects 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older
in a given year. (Kessler, 2005) Unlike depression, bipolar disorders are often long–term conditions
that never truly disappears. While around half of all cases are diagnosed before the age of 25 some
people do develop systems during childhood. (NIH, Bipolar Disorder in Adults). People with this
condition exhibit extremely unusual behavior either in the form of manic episodes of high energy
and depression hence the bipolar name. Systems of manic also include extensive periods of other
types of outgoing behavior as well as irritability. Other systems include losing interest in once
enjoyable activities and sadness. The rapid fluxuation between these polar opposite episodes or
mood swings is referred to as cycling and increases an affected person probability of attempting
risky behavior. The more frequent these cycling episodes occur the more disruptive the disorder will
likely become. In more extreme cases individuals have also shown signs of experiencing delusions
and hallucinations as

Adolescent Mood Disorders
Years ago mood disorders in children and adolescents did not receive enough observation.
Researchers had studied the facts in clinical and normal populations of children and adolescents. In
addition, advancement in diagnostics practices has facilitated the study of mood disorders in
children and adolescents. Today, children and adolescents with depression, bipolar disorders and
suicidal behaviors have received much attention (Wick–Nelson, R., Israel, A. C., 2013). However,
usually being emotional and having behavioral problems are few of the side effects of having a
mood disorder. In addition, these mood disorders can also cause impairments in different arears of
operating, these includes academic and social as well as mutual performances (Lack, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, having negative thoughts can also cause the child as well as the adolescents to act in an
inappropriate manner. In addition, they also thinks that everything that happen wrongly are usually
their fault. They also have a tendencies to criticize themselves. Furthermore, children and
adolescents with depression usually have a low self–esteem and they have no confidence in
whatever they do (Lack, C. W., & Green, A. L., 2009). In addition, they also have a negative view
point about the world around them, as well as their future and the future of other people around
them. However, these feelings somethings changes depending on the situations that they are in as
well as the age group, which is maturity (Lack, C. W., & Green, A. L., 2009).
However, children and adolescents often times want to know that they are truly loved and wanted.
They would go to the extent by asking continuously if they are lived and wanted, even if it is shown
to them on a daily basis. The continuous assurance gives them a positive attitude. However, on the
other hand it causes the people around them that they are constantly questioning their love, to feel
annoyed, frustrated and overwhelmed. This as a result cause the children and adolescents to feel as
if the individual love is not sincere (Lack, C. W., & Green, A. L.,

The Mood Disorder And Anxiety Disorder
Throughout our culture we often see people who do not fall under regular norms. These people can
sometimes be defined as abnormal or unusual. Sometimes these abnormal behaviors can be caused
by psychological issues in the mind, rather than extrinsic forces. These issues are not always easy to
detect, but can range from things as simple as stress and anxiety to disorders such as dissociative
disorder. A huge category of disorders is called the mood disorder. This paper will delve in to the
mood disorder, particularly bipolar disorder, how it is diagnosed, how it develops, and what it is like
to have this disorder. Moods are a common part of everyday life. They fluctuate every second of the
day. It is normal to be happy, depressed, content, or even excited depending on the events that
happen in your day, and how you perceive these events. A mood disorder is recognized when moods
become "impairing" and hard to cope with (Parker et al, 2012, p.419). People have extreme swings
from extreme happiness to sadness. These moods cannot be controlled, causing them to react
inappropriately to events that are happening in their lives. Mood disorders can cause a person to be
unstable in certain aspects of their lives, causing a disruption in a person's daily activities. One of
the major disorders that emerge from a mood disorder is bipolar disorder. Basically anyone can
develop this disorder. No matter what gender, age, race, or culture a person has an equal chance of
acquiring bipolar

Depression: A Serious Mood Disorder
Depression is a common but serious mood disorder. It may be described as feelings of sadness, loss,
or anger that interfere with a person's daily activities Depression can lead to a variation of emotional
and physical problems and can decrease a per–son's capacity to function at home and in the
workplace. There are many factors that may in–crease the chance of depression, including, abuse,
certain medication, death, genetics, serious illnesses and substance misuse. Depression can occur at
any age, however, mostly start in adulthood. Depression is now fa–miliar as happening in children
and youths. Changes in hormones can influence someone's mood. For example, a woman may
notice these changes when they are pregnant, during menopause or during ... Show more content on
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The causes of depression in this peri–od can be complex and are often the result of many factors.
Shortly after giving birth many women have the baby blues, which is a common term, condition
associated with hormonal changes and affects round 80 per cent of women. Depression is longer
lasting and can cause not only the mother but also her relationship with her child, the child
development, the moth–ers relationship with family members and with her partner. The cause of the
seasonal affective disorder is uncertain; however, it's believed to be con–nected to difference in light
exposure in different seasons. It's described mood disturbances that start and end in a season.
Depression, which begins in the winter and becomes less when the season is ends is the most
common. Usually people with SAD depression are more likely to have a lack of energy, sleeping too
much, overeat, gain weight and crave for carbohydrates. The cause of schizophrenia still unclear. It
is more likely to the result of many factors, for ex–ample brain chemistry, genetic, stressful events,
psychological and environmental and losing beloved ones. It has been long understood that
schizophrenia runs in families. People who have a close

Mood Disorders : A Case Study
Mood disorders – A Case Study This case study introduces the concept of mood disorders defined as
"the elevation or lowering of a person's mood, such as depression or bipolar disorder: 'true clinical
depression is a mood disorder, which can interfere with everyday life for an extended time' Also
called affective disorder "(Oxford Dictionary Online). In this case Carla is 28 year old Puerto Rican
that is having issues dealing with depression, problems in adaptation to a new country, with different
social structures from her home town, also by been away from their family, raises the suspicion that
this patient is having difficulties in getting herself integrated in a new society and hardship of not
finding a job is aggravating her delicate state. History of illness, Carla remembers her mother
suffering from what she thinks was post–partum depression. Growing up, Carla was relatively quiet
and typically felt some sadness and anxieties after finishing high school, Carla worked at a local
market but she was fired because she could not keep up with the schedule. Risk factors: difficulties
with development and maintenance of depression. Carla recently moved to NY to start a new life
with the help of her cousin Alma. Puerto Rican citizens traditionally intent to remain in communities
were the similarities with the home land are higher and the language is still the Spanish, by closing
the social group were they are inserted , it becomes harder to integrate with the new country were

Anxiety And Other Mood Disorders
Charles Frankel said, "Anxiety is the essential condition of intellectual and artistic creation and
everything that is finest in human history". There is some evidence to support this idea that anxiety
and other mood disorders are essential to many forms of art. In this article I will examine how mood
disorders influence art, as well as give multiple examples of how mood disorders are portrayed in
the following art forms: paintings, literature, and music. Before we can broach the topic of art and
mood disorders we need to have a good basis of what mood disorders are. Mood disorders are
defined as "a perpetual and significant disturbance in a person's emotional state or mood" (Lane,
2013). There are two main types of mood disorders: depressive disorders and bipolar disorders.
Depressive disorders are characterized by frequent and persistent depressive states. Bipolar
disorders, on the other hand, are characterized by fluctuations between both depressive and manic
episodes, or lows and highs. I am also going to include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in our
mood disorder category because there are "lifetime diagnoses of anxiety and depression that show
extensive comorbidity", or in more simple terms, there is a high chance that someone who has
anxiety will also have depression and vice versa (Mineka, 1998, p.382).
Now that we know what mood disorders are we can look at their relationship with art and creativity.
There have been past studies done that have shown that

Bipolar Disorder : A Psychological Mood Disorder Essay
Bipolar disorder is diagnosed as a psychological mood disorder. Genetic factors and social
environment are both believed to be the possible causes in developing the disorder. The average age
of onset is 25 years old, however, symptoms can first start appearing in the late teen years and into
the young adult years, however 75% of first episodes occur between 12 and 30 years old. Bipolar
disorder affects 2.6 percent of American adults. Children who have an immediate family member
such as a sibling or a parent with the disorder will have a higher risk of acquiring the disorder. In
addition, adults who suffered emotional abuse in childhood also have an increased risk. (Glynn
Ph.D., Kangas & Pickett, Ph.D., 2014; O 'Connell, 2016; Troubled childhood may boost bipolar
risk: Study, 2016). In bipolar disorder the structure and chemistry of the brain have abnormal levels
of chemicals, known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers to
communicate with neurons in the brain, when neurotransmitters do not function correctly, they are
unable to communicate properly with the neurons resulting in chemical levels that are too high or
too low. An imbalance of chemical levels of melatonin, norepinephrine, (GABA) gamma–amino
butyric acid, cortisol, glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin are neurotransmitters and hormones that
are the contributing factors involved in Bipolar disorder. There are also significant structural
differences in the brain of those who

Mood Disorders : A Psychological Disorder
Taylor Brown Mrs. B Shepherd Psychology 1101 19 October, 2016 Mood Disorder Introduction
Mood Disorders is a psychological disorder that is characterized by a person's mood, such as
depression or bipolar disorder. Understanding the definition, history, and diagnosis. Also, the
symptoms, treatments, social effects, how it effects the brain and neurotransmitters. Many people do
not understand Mood Disorder and how they affect people. The reason why I chose this
psychological disorder is, because how it effects the brain and to help people get a better
understanding on what Mood Disorders are. "Mood Disorders are characterized bu serve disturbance
in mood and emotions most often depression, but also mania and elation(Rothschild, 1990)."
History In past studies, it has been shown that Mood Disorders have been effecting many people
since the modern era. "This contribution traces succinctly the conceptual development of depressive
bipolar disorders from Grace–Roman views, though the Enlightenment into the modern
era(Davison,2006)." According to a recent study only 1% of people have a bipolar disorder and only
50% of people have a depression disorder. Mood Disorders afflict one out of five women and one
out of ten men at some point in their lives. Also, according to a Clinical and Public Health Scope, a
depression disorder is more common in women than in men. The tradition view states that more men
than women will die earlier in age, because of having a mood disorder. Gerald

Depression Is A Mood Disorder
Depression is a mood disorder that affects every one out of five adolescents by the time they become
adults (Dryden–Edwards 1). It does not seem unlikely that people are more prone to developing
depression in their teen years due to the various physical, emotional, psychological and social
changes that occur during this point of one's life. The human body experiences different
developmental changes while going through puberty, causing a teen to have fluctuating moods.
Puberty, along with juggling school, work, sports, clubs, and spending time with family and friends
causes one to feel overwhelmed and have excessive stress. Adolescents fill up their schedules with
these activities, scrabbling to find room to get a decent amount of sleep, exercise, and eat healthy.
There is no time left for the teen to relax and have some alone time to recoup, which helps to relieve
all the stress. So, the teen feels overwhelmed and unable to handle all the different obstacles being
thrown in their path all at once. Often, it may lead the teen to try to avoid their responsibilities and
problems, throwing up one of the first warning signs of depression. Every human being has feelings
and reactions caused by daily life events, but it is a problem when mood begins to interfere with
functioning and completing even the simplest of tasks. "When teens' moods disrupt their ability to
function on a day–to–day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs
attention –

Mindfulness: Treatment for Mood Disorder in Teens
Introduction
This is an experimental study to test if teens with mood disorders have fewer symptoms when they
practice P.E.A.C.E.? PEACE is an acronym for a mindfulness practice attending to the breath, body,
thoughts, and emotions. P is for pause; E is for exhale; A is for acknowledged; C is for choice; E is
for engage. Mindfulness has the potential to have a impact on teens with mood disorders by
enhancing awareness, self–management, self–acceptance. Meditation is used in clinical practice for
adults to treat a variety of mental and physical health issues but no current data was found on the
effectiveness of teens with mood disorders practicing PEACE in a school–based therapy session.
Using these same concepts, the hypothesized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). Mindfulness training teaches the teen with a mood disorder, how to use their own natural ability
to consciously bring balance to their emotions. It gives them a choice, by teaching them to pause
and process the emotion, and it gives them back sense of control. Evidence supports that
mindfulness is an effective tool in treating mood disorder symptoms. Professor Filip Raes conducted
one of the first studies to examine mindfulness in a large sample in a school–based setting. The
study included 400 students ages 13–20, using a randomized controlled design. The results suggest
that mindfulness decreased symptoms in students and possible protects against recurrence of
symptoms later (Reas, Griffith, Gucht, & Williams, 2013). A similar study was done by Luis Carlos
Delgado Pastor at the University of Granada. The study established that mindfulness training is
effective in improving rates of anxiety, depression, complaints about health and emotional
regulation (2009). According to Dr. William R Marchand, extensive reviews are showing convincing
evidence that mindfulness–based practices combined with conventional interventions are effective
in treatment in psychiatric symptoms and states that MBSR and MBCT have "broad–spectrum"
effects against depression and anxiety (2012).
Methodology
The study will be using a probability sampling method with a simple random sample.

Depression Is A Mood Disorder Which Prevents Individuals
Depression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work
socially or within their family. Depression also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MMD) is a
common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and
how you act, but it's mental disorder is characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is
accompanied by low self–esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable
activities. Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults in any given year. And one in six people
will experience depression at some time in their life. Depression can strike at any time, but on
average, first appears during the late teens to mid–20s. Women are more ... Show more content on
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Dysthymia may also be related to substance use. People with this type of chronic depression may
abuse drugs or alcohol in trying to relieve their hopelessness and other unpleasant symptoms.
Dysthymia in children may sometimes be related to anxiety disorders, learning disorders, attention–
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, and mental retardation.
A combination of genetic, chemical, biological, psychological, social and environmental factors
likely contributes to the disorder. Depression is often a signal that certain mental, emotional and
physical aspects of a person's life are out of balance. Depression can affect anyone even a person
who appears to live in relatively ideal circumstances. Several factors can play a role in depression
such as genetics, personality, biochemistry and environmental. The causes of clinical depression are
likely to be different for different people. Personal factors, such as complicated life situations, a
tragic family history, childhood traumas, living in stressful environments for a long time, and other
similar life circumstances can lead to depressive conditions. Feldman 2E (2013) mentions that an
assessment test for depression called PHQ–9 was created to help create a general sense of degree of
depression a person was experiencing. The questions were based on your average mood in the last
two weeks on how often you been bothered by a certain problem.

Mood Disorders
MOOD DISORDERS
A 32–year old female Janice Butterfield, who came in at the insistence of her husband Jed
Butterfield for a consultation concerning her suicidal attempt due to dysthymia. American Heritage
Dictionary defines that dysthymia is a chronic disturbance of mood lasting at least two years in
adults or one year in children, characterized by recurrent periods of mild depression and such
symptoms. Although the symptoms of dysthymia may be less intense than those of depression,
dysthymia can actually affect the client's life more seriously because it lasts so long. With
dysthymia, he or she may lose interest in normal daily activities, feel hopeless, lack productivity and
has a low self–esteem. Therefore, dysthymia prevents the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
No major depressive episode (a more severe form of depression) has been present during the first
two years of the disorder. There has never been a manic disorder, and criteria for a less severe
depression called cyclothymic disorder has never been established. The disorder does not
exclusively occur with psychosis, schizophrenia or delusional illnesses. The symptoms of
depression cause clinically significant impairment and distress in occupational, social, and general
functioning. Dysthymic disorder can be described as "early onset" (onset before age 21 years), "late
onset" (onset is age 21 years or older), and "with atypical features" (features that are not commonly
observed). Therefore, Janice fits the criteria for dysthymic disorder spelled out in DSM–IV, where
she was severely depressed and the sign of suicidal. Axis I:– Disorder involving distortion on
physical and mentally and the urge to suicide– Major Depressive Disorder Axis II:– No evidence of
personality disorder Axis III:– No physical disorders or conditions Axis IV:– Problems with primary
support group ( marital tensions) Axis V:– Current Global Assessment of Functioning: 45 Highest
Global Assessment of Functioning (past year):90 According to Janice's case, she had attempted
suicide; therefore, she ought to be hospitalized for period of time for constant assessment and mood
stabilization. Later, psychotherapy is the treatment for choice for this

Secondary Diagnosis: Mood Disorders
Primary diagnosis: Mood disorders. Secondary diagnosis: Other and unspecified arthropathies. The
claimant was a 57–year–old woman. Alleged disability: Major depressive disorder, heel
spurs/fasciitis, arthritis, obsessive–compulsive disorder, mild intellectual disorder, anxiety, and
irritable bowel. She reported body discomfort and hand and knee pain; she took over the counter
medications for pain control. She stated that she had mobility difficulties as well as trouble with
memory, concentration, understanding, completing tasks, following instructions, and getting along
with others. She did not handle well stress or changes in routine. She used the computer at the
library on a regular basis, and was able to walk and ride a 3–wheel

A mood disorder is characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood, interfering with
one's daily life. Mood disorders encompass 2 major psychological disorders: Bipolar and Major
depressive disorder.
Major Depressive disorder is the most common of all psychological disorders, and a serious mental
illness. It can come in different forms, such as Seasonal Affective Disorder, Psychotic Depression,
Postpartum Depression, and many others. Although it is not known exactly what causes depression,
there are multiple factors that can affect the diagnosis. Brain chemistry and biological makeup are
the major factors in major depressive disorder. Imbalanced chemicals and hormones can one of the
main contributors to depression, or even the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The go–to treatment is usually some type of therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy, Interpersonal
therapy, and Problem–solving therapy are the common types. Therapy focuses on identifying the
possible causes and triggers of the disorder and ways to help overcome it, such as terminating toxic
relationships or changing unhealthy patterns or thoughts. While others only rely on therapy, others
prefer to accompany their counseling with medication. There are many different kinds of
antidepressants, and while all of them treat depression, they all work and function in different ways.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the main and most popular type. Examples
include Celexa, Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. Side effects usually include weight change, sexual
problems, insomnia, and upset stomach. Other common antidepressants include Cymbalta, Effexor,
Wellbutrin, Norpramin, Adapin, Tofranil, Vivactil and Trazodone. The second major mood disorder
is Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar disorder, also called manic depression, is associated with dramatic ups
and downs in mood resulting in manic highs and depressive lows. People with this illness tend to go
through periods of low mood and depression and manic high periods, often alternating between
each. Bipolar disorder is an extremely serious illness with severe symptoms. Left untreated, bipolar
disorder can cause great damage. Treated, patients can

Bipolar Disorder : The Most Serious Mood Disorders
"When you are mad, mad like this, you don 't know it. Reality is what you see. When what you see
shifts, departing from anyone else 's reality, it 's still reality to you" (Hornbacher, 2008). The purpose
of this paper is to educate viewers on bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is one of the most serious
mood disorders around because of the severe affects it has on a person's mind, behavior, family and
basic daily functioning. "Approximately 5.7 million" Americans have bipolar disorder ("Bipolar
Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance," 2013). Bipolar disorder is a manic–
depressive illness that causes shifts in behaviors, mood, and energy which in turn then affect one's
social functioning. The term "ups and downs" is just a glimpse of what someone with bipolar
disorder experiences. Basically, people with bipolar disorder experience tsunamis of emotions that
bring them down so low they can become suicidal or bring them so high, they can act like the
Tasmanian devil from looney tunes (to an extent). Bipolar disorder is divided into two categories –
bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I is a more severe than bipolar II. People with bipolar I experience
mania accompanied with irritable mood. This type of mania or manic episode involves delusional
thinking. The manic episode can only be diagnosed if it is accompanied with three or more
symptoms on a daily basis for a minimum of one week. Usually, hospitalization is a necessary if the
individual isn't taking

Abnormal Psychology
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: MOOD DISORDERS
A mood disorder is the term given for a group of diagnoses in the DSM IV TR classification system
where a disturbance in the person 's emotional mood is hypothesised to be the main underlying
feature. The classification is known as mood (affective) disorders in ICD 10.
English psychiatrist Henry Maudsley proposed an overarching category of affective disorder. The
term was then replaced by mood disorder, as the latter term refers to the underlying or longitudinal
emotional state, whereas the former refers to the external expression observed by others.
Definition
Depression: A low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self–worth,
guilt, or related symptoms. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Physiological Symptoms: decreased need for sleep, accompanied by high levels of arousal. The
energy and excitement these patients show may cause them to lose weight or to go without sleep for
long periods.
UNIPOLAR DISORDERS
– Depression without a history of mania
In almost all countries, women are at least twice as likely as men to experience episodes of severe
unipolar depression. Approximately half of people with unipolar depression recover within six
weeks and 90% recover within a year, some without treatment (Kessler, 2002; Kendler et al., 1997).
However, most of them have at least one other episode of depression later on their lives (Boland &
Keller, 2002).
The DSM–IV–TR approach to classifying mood disorders recognizes several subtypes of
depression, placing special emphasis on the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria of Major Depressive Disorder
A minimum of five of the following symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks. Depressed
mood or loss of interest or pleasure must be one of them.
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.
Diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities nearly every day.
Significant weight loss or weight gain.
Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) nearly every day.

Restlessness or lethargy nearly every day.
Frequent fatigue or loss of energy.
Feelings of worthlessness or in appropriate guilt.
Difficulty
1st subtype:

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