This paper aims to investigate the ways of strengthening and improving of cultural and historical heritage in order to enhance tourism attraction between cross border regions in Serbia (Vojvodina) and Hungary. In the long-run it can enhance tourism development and generate new job opportunities, contribute to the development of relevant partnership and networks, which are needed for rural tourism development.
By linking culture and tourism we come to the cultural tourism, the form of tourism with the growing interest in the world, as the number of tourists increases. These are travels motivated by cultural reasons. However, in order to talk about them, it is necessary to introduce or educate potential tourists with the possibilities of destinations, in terms of cultural content. On the other hand, in order to make this tourist-cultural experience possible, it is necessary to have adequate education of all those on the side of the offer and provision of services. Serbia has potentials for the development of cultural tourism, but in order to prevent it from remaining only at the level of potentials, education of all participants in this chain is needed. However, cultural tourism is not and should not be directed exclusively towards foreign tourists; the offer should be harmonized with the requirements of national, regional, international as well as global tourists.
Prof. Dr. Jovan Popesku presentation "Tourism and Peace - Towards Reconciliation after Conflicts" with Danube Peace Boat like example... Johannesburg, South Africa, 16th to 20th of February 2015
M Ivanovic Urban Forum 25(2014) 501-515 The Perceived Authenticity of Iconic ...Milena Ivanovic, PhD
1) The document examines the perceived authenticity of iconic heritage sites in urban tourism, using Constitutional Hill in Johannesburg, South Africa as a case study.
2) It explores how authentic the individual tourist experience is at the site and whether domestic and international tourists perceive the authenticity differently.
3) Survey results from 2010-2011 show that most tourists perceive the site as authentic and feel they had an authentic experience, with no significant differences between domestic and international tourists.
Place As Product - A Place-Based Approach to Cultural Tourism 2013Steven Thorne
Cultural tourism is a lucrative market that many destinations aim to capitalize on. However, most destinations take an "attractions-based" approach that focuses only on marquee cultural attractions without understanding tourists' motivations or the destination's overall culture and sense of place. This document advocates for a "place-based" approach where the destination is understood holistically through inventorying all its cultural assets across domains like heritage, arts, cuisine and nature. These assets are then strategically positioned and linked with themed routes to reveal an authentic "tapestry of place." When marketed this way with sense of place at the core, a destination can better appeal to and profit from cultural tourists.
1) This document contains queries from editors regarding an article submitted to the Journal of Heritage Tourism. The editors note inconsistencies between in-text citations and the reference list, as well as missing references.
2) The article itself examines the impact of World Heritage List status on international visitors to Huangshan, Xidi and Hongcun in China. It categorizes visitors based on their awareness of the sites' World Heritage designations and compares the two groups.
3) Preliminary results suggest World Heritage List status can influence travel decisions and is related to visitors' purposes, activities, and socio-demographic characteristics. However, marketers should emphasize sites' cultural elements to increase the status's influence.
This document discusses a paper that analyzes the role of tour guides in shaping destination understanding and image, using Haiti as a case study. It specifically looks at the travel book "Bonjour blanc, a journey through Haiti" which provides insights into how tour guides contributed to the author's understanding of Haiti. The paper has three parts: a literature review on tour guiding and destination branding, an analysis of the role of tour guides in the travel book, and a discussion of how tour guides should represent destinations. It aims to better define the job of tour guides in less visited destinations and their impact on destination perception and image formation.
Vrbas Municipality has versatile cultural potentials which can contribute to sustainable tourism and economic development of the local area.
Rich material and non-material cultural heritage of Vrbas was built during the centuries, in the process of continual immigration and emigration, migrations and colonization.
The main aim of the paper is to point out the importance of the nurture of the quality cultural contents and manifestations as the bases of the Municipality's recognition on the tourist maps of Serbia and Western Balkans.
In the analysis of tourist offer and cultural life of the Municipality, appropriate qualitative methodology was applied such as the methods of analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive, descriptive and comparative methods.
This document discusses key concepts in the geography of tourism. It defines tourism and its components, including tourist-generating areas, tourist-receiving areas, and transit zones. It also classifies tourism based on the type of destination as domestic or international tourism, by characteristics such as ecotourism or adventure tourism, by market or purpose of visit, by interaction with the destination as mass or alternative tourism, and by distance traveled as long-haul or short-haul tourism. Finally, it provides examples of market-based classifications such as holiday, common-interest, and business tourism.
By linking culture and tourism we come to the cultural tourism, the form of tourism with the growing interest in the world, as the number of tourists increases. These are travels motivated by cultural reasons. However, in order to talk about them, it is necessary to introduce or educate potential tourists with the possibilities of destinations, in terms of cultural content. On the other hand, in order to make this tourist-cultural experience possible, it is necessary to have adequate education of all those on the side of the offer and provision of services. Serbia has potentials for the development of cultural tourism, but in order to prevent it from remaining only at the level of potentials, education of all participants in this chain is needed. However, cultural tourism is not and should not be directed exclusively towards foreign tourists; the offer should be harmonized with the requirements of national, regional, international as well as global tourists.
Prof. Dr. Jovan Popesku presentation "Tourism and Peace - Towards Reconciliation after Conflicts" with Danube Peace Boat like example... Johannesburg, South Africa, 16th to 20th of February 2015
M Ivanovic Urban Forum 25(2014) 501-515 The Perceived Authenticity of Iconic ...Milena Ivanovic, PhD
1) The document examines the perceived authenticity of iconic heritage sites in urban tourism, using Constitutional Hill in Johannesburg, South Africa as a case study.
2) It explores how authentic the individual tourist experience is at the site and whether domestic and international tourists perceive the authenticity differently.
3) Survey results from 2010-2011 show that most tourists perceive the site as authentic and feel they had an authentic experience, with no significant differences between domestic and international tourists.
Place As Product - A Place-Based Approach to Cultural Tourism 2013Steven Thorne
Cultural tourism is a lucrative market that many destinations aim to capitalize on. However, most destinations take an "attractions-based" approach that focuses only on marquee cultural attractions without understanding tourists' motivations or the destination's overall culture and sense of place. This document advocates for a "place-based" approach where the destination is understood holistically through inventorying all its cultural assets across domains like heritage, arts, cuisine and nature. These assets are then strategically positioned and linked with themed routes to reveal an authentic "tapestry of place." When marketed this way with sense of place at the core, a destination can better appeal to and profit from cultural tourists.
1) This document contains queries from editors regarding an article submitted to the Journal of Heritage Tourism. The editors note inconsistencies between in-text citations and the reference list, as well as missing references.
2) The article itself examines the impact of World Heritage List status on international visitors to Huangshan, Xidi and Hongcun in China. It categorizes visitors based on their awareness of the sites' World Heritage designations and compares the two groups.
3) Preliminary results suggest World Heritage List status can influence travel decisions and is related to visitors' purposes, activities, and socio-demographic characteristics. However, marketers should emphasize sites' cultural elements to increase the status's influence.
This document discusses a paper that analyzes the role of tour guides in shaping destination understanding and image, using Haiti as a case study. It specifically looks at the travel book "Bonjour blanc, a journey through Haiti" which provides insights into how tour guides contributed to the author's understanding of Haiti. The paper has three parts: a literature review on tour guiding and destination branding, an analysis of the role of tour guides in the travel book, and a discussion of how tour guides should represent destinations. It aims to better define the job of tour guides in less visited destinations and their impact on destination perception and image formation.
Vrbas Municipality has versatile cultural potentials which can contribute to sustainable tourism and economic development of the local area.
Rich material and non-material cultural heritage of Vrbas was built during the centuries, in the process of continual immigration and emigration, migrations and colonization.
The main aim of the paper is to point out the importance of the nurture of the quality cultural contents and manifestations as the bases of the Municipality's recognition on the tourist maps of Serbia and Western Balkans.
In the analysis of tourist offer and cultural life of the Municipality, appropriate qualitative methodology was applied such as the methods of analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive, descriptive and comparative methods.
This document discusses key concepts in the geography of tourism. It defines tourism and its components, including tourist-generating areas, tourist-receiving areas, and transit zones. It also classifies tourism based on the type of destination as domestic or international tourism, by characteristics such as ecotourism or adventure tourism, by market or purpose of visit, by interaction with the destination as mass or alternative tourism, and by distance traveled as long-haul or short-haul tourism. Finally, it provides examples of market-based classifications such as holiday, common-interest, and business tourism.
The document discusses cultural and heritage tourism development in ASEAN countries. It provides definitions of cultural tourism and heritage tourism. The objectives of developing cultural and heritage tourism in ASEAN are outlined, which include increasing the number of qualified international visitors, distributing visitors proportionally among ASEAN countries, and increasing benefits to communities and environments. The ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan for 2011-2015 is summarized, which includes the vision, strategic directions, and activities related to developing regional cultural and heritage tourism products and packages. Work plans, outputs, and strategies for developing cultural and heritage tourism packages involving at least two ASEAN countries are also presented.
Tourism resources can be divided into tangible, intangible, human, and financial resources. Tangible resources include attractions, accommodations, transportation infrastructure, and facilities. Intangible resources encompass a destination's reputation, image, and culture. Human resources consist of workers' skills, work ethic, and training. Financial resources involve investment capital, public funding, and marketing finances. Heritage resources such as natural attractions, parks, and cultural sites are often primary motivators for visitors to destinations.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Tourism supply relies on many interconnected factors including natural resources, transportation, accommodations, attractions and activities. It is a composite product made up of various components that may be purchased separately or together. Local governments play an important role in tourism supply by providing infrastructure, visitor attractions, information, environmental stewardship and support for economic and social development. The private sector includes small businesses and large companies, while the not-for-profit sector focuses on conservation and protecting natural and cultural assets without a profit motive.
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
This document discusses tourism demand, including definitions and important data for measuring demand. Tourism demand is defined as expenditures by visitors during and related to trips outside their usual environment. Key data for measuring demand includes number of visitors, transportation method, length of stay, accommodations, and money spent. Demand is determined by lifestyle factors like income and age as well as the supply environment. Volume statistics measure arrivals and departures while value statistics measure expenditures. Visitor profiles provide additional details. Demand is measured based on propensity to travel and resistance factors like costs and cultural differences at potential destinations.
Determinants of Demand and Supply in TourismChinmoy Saikia
The document discusses the determinants of tourism demand and supply. It defines tourism demand as the total number of people who travel away from their place of work or residence. Tourism supply comprises the assets, services, and goods available to visitors, including infrastructure, attractions, and marketing. Tourism demand is influenced by individual factors like income and mobility, economic factors like cost and exchange rates, geographic factors like seasonality and accessibility, and political environments. Tourism supply depends on economic, political, geographical, legal, technological and social factors. It involves transportation, accommodations, attractions and other services that make up the tourism product chain.
culture and heritage tourism developmentBrian White
This document provides an introduction to cultural and heritage tourism for operators in British Columbia. It discusses the history and definitions of cultural and heritage tourism and explains why it has become so popular. Developing cultural and heritage tourism can provide economic and community benefits. Successful operations require strong partnerships between tourism, culture and heritage sectors. The guide offers advice on identifying stakeholders, creating partnerships, enhancing businesses with heritage values, and developing new cultural and heritage experiences. Case studies throughout illustrate examples from different regions and operations.
The aim of the paper is to present the current forms of rural tourism in Serbia and the ways of their financing. In addition to the field research method, the descriptive method as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis are used in the paper. Forms of rural tourism are defined and differentiated according to the motives motivating tourists’ arrival to rural areas. It is estimated that today in Europe there are over 50 different forms of rural tourism. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the most common form of rural tourism is agrotourism. According to the results of the research, agrotourism is also the most frequent in Serbia as well. There are also developed the szallas tourism, the beekeeping tourism, bio-agrotourism, eco-tourism, as well as the other forms of rural tourism. The dominant way of financing all forms of rural tourism in the past period was self-financing. For their future development it is necessary to define innovative financing modalities.
Tourism industry-study of demand and supply factorsNanditaAgrawal4
This document discusses demand and supply in the tourism industry. It notes that tourism demand is the total number of people traveling away from home, and in 2016 tourism generated $7.6 trillion or 10% of global GDP and employed 292 million people. Factors like economic conditions, geopolitics, technology, culture, natural disasters, and epidemics can affect tourism demand. Tourism supply is the value of tourism products sold to tourists including accommodations, food, transport, and retail. Supply is affected by factors like industry booms or turbulence, government policies, globalization, competition, alternative economic activities, economies of scale, and increasing numbers of firms.
The chapter defines tourism and differentiates between tourists and excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, including distance, length of stay, residence, and travel purpose. Tourism involves a dynamic journey element and static stay element. Tourists stay at least 24 hours while excursionists stay less than 24 hours. A tourist destination depends on attractions, amenities, and accessibility. Tourism makes unique contributions to economies and societies through jobs, cultural exchange, and promoting peace.
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
Tourism demand refers to the total number of people who travel away from their home to a destination, as well as those who wish to travel but are unable to. Tourism demand is influenced by a variety of economic, social, psychological, and exogenous factors. It is made up of effective demand from actual travelers, as well as suppressed or potential demand from those who want to travel but cannot. Understanding tourism demand is important for tourism industry planning and decision making.
The document discusses supply and demand in tourism. It defines demand and supply, and describes the relationships between price, quantity demanded, and quantity supplied. The four basic laws of supply and demand are outlined. Equilibrium price is defined as the price where supply equals demand. Tourism demand is shaped by factors like income, prices of related goods, and marketing. Tourism supply relies on resources, infrastructure, and services. Supply and demand interactions help determine tourism patterns.
The document discusses the tourism industry, providing an overview of topics like the definition of tourism and tourists, the historical development and growth of tourism, different types of tourism like domestic, inbound and outbound tourism, and factors enabling and motivating travel. It also examines organizations involved in tourism and assessments for studying the tourism industry.
1. The document discusses the characteristics and traits of tourism products. It notes that each component of tourism is dependent on the others and that without certain elements like transportation, a destination may not thrive.
2. Tourism is highly people-oriented as it requires many workers to service each tourist. The experiences of tourists, whether good or bad, remain in their memories.
3. Tourism products are seasonal and each destination has its own peak season. Prices for tourism products are also elastic and fluctuate based on various demand and supply factors.
Este documento compara Microsoft Access y Microsoft Excel. Ambos son herramientas para organizar y analizar datos, pero Access es mejor para bases de datos grandes mientras que Excel es mejor para hojas de cálculo. Access permite crear tablas relacionales y consultas, mientras que Excel se usa principalmente para cálculos y gráficos. Aunque comparten algunas funciones, cada uno tiene ventajas específicas dependiendo del tipo y tamaño de datos a manejar.
O documento discute como a InovaOffices oferece uma abordagem digital mais eficiente para encontrar imóveis comerciais. Eles levam em conta fatores como espaço, localização, visão, cultura e recursos para entender as necessidades dos clientes. A InovaOffices realiza buscas digitais, testes de layout e negociações para ajudar os clientes a encontrar o imóvel ideal dentro do orçamento.
The document discusses cultural and heritage tourism development in ASEAN countries. It provides definitions of cultural tourism and heritage tourism. The objectives of developing cultural and heritage tourism in ASEAN are outlined, which include increasing the number of qualified international visitors, distributing visitors proportionally among ASEAN countries, and increasing benefits to communities and environments. The ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan for 2011-2015 is summarized, which includes the vision, strategic directions, and activities related to developing regional cultural and heritage tourism products and packages. Work plans, outputs, and strategies for developing cultural and heritage tourism packages involving at least two ASEAN countries are also presented.
Tourism resources can be divided into tangible, intangible, human, and financial resources. Tangible resources include attractions, accommodations, transportation infrastructure, and facilities. Intangible resources encompass a destination's reputation, image, and culture. Human resources consist of workers' skills, work ethic, and training. Financial resources involve investment capital, public funding, and marketing finances. Heritage resources such as natural attractions, parks, and cultural sites are often primary motivators for visitors to destinations.
1. Tourism involves three main geographical components: tourist-generating areas where people originate from, tourist destinations that attract visitors, and the routes connecting these areas.
2. Tourist flows are influenced by "push factors" in generating areas like levels of affluence and climate, and "pull factors" of destinations like their attractions, accessibility, and cost of visiting.
3. Tourism is measured by statistics on visitor volumes, characteristics, and expenditures, but these measures have limitations in fully representing tourist flows.
Tourism supply relies on many interconnected factors including natural resources, transportation, accommodations, attractions and activities. It is a composite product made up of various components that may be purchased separately or together. Local governments play an important role in tourism supply by providing infrastructure, visitor attractions, information, environmental stewardship and support for economic and social development. The private sector includes small businesses and large companies, while the not-for-profit sector focuses on conservation and protecting natural and cultural assets without a profit motive.
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
This document discusses tourism demand, including definitions and important data for measuring demand. Tourism demand is defined as expenditures by visitors during and related to trips outside their usual environment. Key data for measuring demand includes number of visitors, transportation method, length of stay, accommodations, and money spent. Demand is determined by lifestyle factors like income and age as well as the supply environment. Volume statistics measure arrivals and departures while value statistics measure expenditures. Visitor profiles provide additional details. Demand is measured based on propensity to travel and resistance factors like costs and cultural differences at potential destinations.
Determinants of Demand and Supply in TourismChinmoy Saikia
The document discusses the determinants of tourism demand and supply. It defines tourism demand as the total number of people who travel away from their place of work or residence. Tourism supply comprises the assets, services, and goods available to visitors, including infrastructure, attractions, and marketing. Tourism demand is influenced by individual factors like income and mobility, economic factors like cost and exchange rates, geographic factors like seasonality and accessibility, and political environments. Tourism supply depends on economic, political, geographical, legal, technological and social factors. It involves transportation, accommodations, attractions and other services that make up the tourism product chain.
culture and heritage tourism developmentBrian White
This document provides an introduction to cultural and heritage tourism for operators in British Columbia. It discusses the history and definitions of cultural and heritage tourism and explains why it has become so popular. Developing cultural and heritage tourism can provide economic and community benefits. Successful operations require strong partnerships between tourism, culture and heritage sectors. The guide offers advice on identifying stakeholders, creating partnerships, enhancing businesses with heritage values, and developing new cultural and heritage experiences. Case studies throughout illustrate examples from different regions and operations.
The aim of the paper is to present the current forms of rural tourism in Serbia and the ways of their financing. In addition to the field research method, the descriptive method as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis are used in the paper. Forms of rural tourism are defined and differentiated according to the motives motivating tourists’ arrival to rural areas. It is estimated that today in Europe there are over 50 different forms of rural tourism. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the most common form of rural tourism is agrotourism. According to the results of the research, agrotourism is also the most frequent in Serbia as well. There are also developed the szallas tourism, the beekeeping tourism, bio-agrotourism, eco-tourism, as well as the other forms of rural tourism. The dominant way of financing all forms of rural tourism in the past period was self-financing. For their future development it is necessary to define innovative financing modalities.
Tourism industry-study of demand and supply factorsNanditaAgrawal4
This document discusses demand and supply in the tourism industry. It notes that tourism demand is the total number of people traveling away from home, and in 2016 tourism generated $7.6 trillion or 10% of global GDP and employed 292 million people. Factors like economic conditions, geopolitics, technology, culture, natural disasters, and epidemics can affect tourism demand. Tourism supply is the value of tourism products sold to tourists including accommodations, food, transport, and retail. Supply is affected by factors like industry booms or turbulence, government policies, globalization, competition, alternative economic activities, economies of scale, and increasing numbers of firms.
The chapter defines tourism and differentiates between tourists and excursionists. It explores the various elements used to define travelers, including distance, length of stay, residence, and travel purpose. Tourism involves a dynamic journey element and static stay element. Tourists stay at least 24 hours while excursionists stay less than 24 hours. A tourist destination depends on attractions, amenities, and accessibility. Tourism makes unique contributions to economies and societies through jobs, cultural exchange, and promoting peace.
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
Tourism demand refers to the total number of people who travel away from their home to a destination, as well as those who wish to travel but are unable to. Tourism demand is influenced by a variety of economic, social, psychological, and exogenous factors. It is made up of effective demand from actual travelers, as well as suppressed or potential demand from those who want to travel but cannot. Understanding tourism demand is important for tourism industry planning and decision making.
The document discusses supply and demand in tourism. It defines demand and supply, and describes the relationships between price, quantity demanded, and quantity supplied. The four basic laws of supply and demand are outlined. Equilibrium price is defined as the price where supply equals demand. Tourism demand is shaped by factors like income, prices of related goods, and marketing. Tourism supply relies on resources, infrastructure, and services. Supply and demand interactions help determine tourism patterns.
The document discusses the tourism industry, providing an overview of topics like the definition of tourism and tourists, the historical development and growth of tourism, different types of tourism like domestic, inbound and outbound tourism, and factors enabling and motivating travel. It also examines organizations involved in tourism and assessments for studying the tourism industry.
1. The document discusses the characteristics and traits of tourism products. It notes that each component of tourism is dependent on the others and that without certain elements like transportation, a destination may not thrive.
2. Tourism is highly people-oriented as it requires many workers to service each tourist. The experiences of tourists, whether good or bad, remain in their memories.
3. Tourism products are seasonal and each destination has its own peak season. Prices for tourism products are also elastic and fluctuate based on various demand and supply factors.
Este documento compara Microsoft Access y Microsoft Excel. Ambos son herramientas para organizar y analizar datos, pero Access es mejor para bases de datos grandes mientras que Excel es mejor para hojas de cálculo. Access permite crear tablas relacionales y consultas, mientras que Excel se usa principalmente para cálculos y gráficos. Aunque comparten algunas funciones, cada uno tiene ventajas específicas dependiendo del tipo y tamaño de datos a manejar.
O documento discute como a InovaOffices oferece uma abordagem digital mais eficiente para encontrar imóveis comerciais. Eles levam em conta fatores como espaço, localização, visão, cultura e recursos para entender as necessidades dos clientes. A InovaOffices realiza buscas digitais, testes de layout e negociações para ajudar os clientes a encontrar o imóvel ideal dentro do orçamento.
Este documento descreve uma lição sobre ácidos na alimentação para alunos do 8o ano. A lição inclui identificar ácidos através de suas fórmulas, discutir sua presença nos alimentos e realizar experimentos. Os alunos irão elaborar histórias em quadrinhos sobre ácidos na alimentação e serão avaliados por meio de provas, participação e apresentação de suas histórias.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el correo electrónico. Explica que el correo electrónico permite enviar y recibir mensajes a través de sistemas de comunicación electrónica de forma rápida y mundial. También describe los diferentes tipos de correos electrónicos como boletines y listas de debate, y analiza las ventajas como la comunicación instantánea y desventajas como el riesgo de virus.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de energías renovables contaminantes como la biomasa, que incluye materia orgánica como madera y residuos que se pueden usar directamente como combustible o convertir en bioetanol o biogás. También describe energía hidráulica a partir de ríos, energía solar mediante colectores o paneles fotovoltaicos, energía eólica a partir de la fuerza del viento, y energía maremotriz aprovechando las mareas. Finalmente, menciona algunas instituciones internacionales que fomentan el uso de
Wie sehr fühlen sich die Deutschen durch Terror bedroht? Schränken sie sich aus Angst davor im täglichen Leben ein? Glauben die Bürger, dass die Politik wirksame Schutzmaßnahmen treffen kann? Das hat der ROLAND Rechtsreport 2017 untersucht. Ebenso liefert die Studie Erkenntnisse über die Einstellung der Bevölkerung zum deutschen Rechtssystem und zur Mediation.
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre los suicidios en el estado de Aguascalientes, México en 2011. El objetivo es obtener las características de los suicidas a través del análisis de la información proporcionada por los archivos de los Servicios Periciales. Los hallazgos preliminares muestran que la mayoría de los 98 suicidios fueron hombres entre 18-30 años que utilizaron el método de ahorcamiento, y solo el 34% estaban bajo la influencia de alcohol u otras drogas.
Este documento clasifica y describe diferentes tipos de herramientas utilizadas en la industria. Incluye herramientas de medición como calibradores pie de rey y telescópicos, herramientas de trazo como lápices y escuadras, herramientas de sujeción como prensas de banco y tenazas, herramientas de corte como tijeras y cizallas, herramientas para hacer agujeros como brocas y barrenas, y herramientas de golpe como martillos y mazos.
El documento proporciona una introducción al Internet. Explica que el Internet es una red de redes interconectadas que utiliza protocolos para conectar redes físicas de manera que funcionen como una sola red lógica de alcance mundial. También describe algunos beneficios del Internet como que es universal, fácil de usar, variado y económico. Finalmente, cubre algunas tecnologías comunes para conectarse al Internet como DSL, cable e inalámbrico.
Un estudio de científicos mexicanos encontró que el alpiste tiene altos niveles de proteínas y aminoácidos estables, lo que mejora la eficiencia alimenticia de las aves. El alpiste también contiene enzimas que ayudan a desinflamar órganos como el hígado y los riñones, y puede tratar diabetes y cirrosis. Beber leche de alpiste diariamente puede mejorar la salud y figura al combatir problemas como la hipertensión y la obesidad.
Este documento presenta un estudio sobre los suicidios en el estado de Aguascalientes, México en 2011. El objetivo es obtener las características de los suicidas a través del análisis de la información proporcionada por los archivos de los Servicios Periciales. Los hallazgos preliminares muestran que la mayoría de los 98 suicidios fueron hombres entre 18-30 años que utilizaron el método de ahorcamiento, y solo el 34% estaban bajo la influencia de alcohol u otras drogas.
Este documento compara Microsoft Access y Microsoft Excel. Ambos son herramientas para organizar y analizar datos, pero Access es mejor para bases de datos grandes mientras que Excel es mejor para hojas de cálculo. Access permite crear tablas relacionales y consultas, mientras que Excel se usa principalmente para cálculos y gráficos. Aunque comparten algunas funciones, cada uno tiene ventajas específicas dependiendo del tipo y tamaño de datos a manejar.
Este documento clasifica las energías renovables en no contaminantes o limpias, e incluye 7 tipos principales: energía solar, eólica, hidráulica, geotérmica, undimotriz, mareomotriz y energía azul. Proporciona información sobre cada una, incluyendo definiciones, estadísticas de producción e impactos.
El documento habla sobre la educación en línea. Explica que es una modalidad de aprendizaje que utiliza redes de comunicación como Internet. Puede ser parte de la educación presencial, semipresencial o a distancia siempre que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se realice a través de tecnologías de la información. Ofrece ventajas como la flexibilidad de horarios y la posibilidad de estudiar desde casa, pero también plantea algunos desafíos como la pasividad de los estudiantes.
Flickr es un sitio de Internet creado en 2004 para almacenar y compartir imágenes y videos. Los usuarios pueden cargar fotos personales a flickr y organizarlas en álbumes. Flickr ofrece terabytes de almacenamiento gratuito para fotos y permite compartir fotos en otras redes sociales. Los usuarios pueden unirse a grupos en flickr para compartir fotos con comunidades específicas.
Este documento descreve uma lição sobre ácidos na alimentação para alunos do 8o ano. A lição inclui identificar ácidos através de suas fórmulas, aplicações de ácidos comuns na alimentação e nomeação de ácidos. Os alunos farão um experimento para identificar ácidos e criar histórias em quadrinhos sobre alimentação saudável.
Sustainable Tourism and Culture: A Symbiotic RelationshipIEREK Press
Cultural Tourism offers a strong motivation to preserve the elements of cultural heritage in tourist destinations. It helps to preserve cultural elements as important tourist attractions. Cultural tourism’s notion is unlimited to visiting monumental attractions only, but it has also become an interactive experience with the social fabric of the community through attending exhibitions, festivals and events,and the purchase of traditional local products. Thus, the human capital factor in tourism is linked to the quality of tourism products. With the growth of international tourism, the importance of sustainable tourism development has emerged to protect natural, cultural, and human resources, in addition to achieving economic development. As non-sustainable tourism development has led to the deterioration of tourism resources. This research paper examines if cultural tourism contributes to decrease tourism seasonality and achieve sustainable tourism development in cultural heritage sites. A case study of Aswan was selected. Aswan has unique and important elements of cultural heritage (Tangible and Intangible), but it still faces many problems like tourism seasonality, besides its tourism is still weak compared with other cities that have the same tourism potential. Based on a literature review and analytical study of global examples that achieved sustainability in cultural heritage sites, a field study of Aswan was conducted to evaluate the current status of cultural tourism, besides illustrating the challenges of achieving sustainability. The major result that has emerged from the study is paying attention to cultural tourism is the possible solution to the challenges that Aswan tourism faces. Finally, the paper concluded that investment in human capital creates opportunities for cultural tourism which in return resolves one of tourism’s major challenges: seasonality.
The document discusses thematic tourism routes in South Transdanubia, Hungary. It defines thematic routes as connecting natural and cultural attractions around a theme using various transportation. Thematic routes can help utilize unexploited resources and attract new tourism demand. South Transdanubia has advantageous conditions for thematic route development, including diverse landscapes, cultural values, and wine culture. Examples highlighted include wine routes in the region and the potential for developing a thematic route along the former Roman Limes border.
Tourists are increasingly becoming inclined to experiences that encourage the consumption of dishes typical for a certain region of a particular country. Serbia is abundant in national dishes which are even nowadays prepared in an authentic manner. Every tourist region of Serbia has recognizable gastronomy products as a part of the restaurant offer which is located outside the place of its origin.
This paper aims to identify the gastronomy products which represent the elements of the gastronomy offer of the Serbian national cuisine restaurants, and are marketed as Serbian national dishes whose tastes are relished in by both local and foreign tourists.
The research is conducted using a representative sample of Belgrade restaurants. By applying a critical analysis of their gastronomy offer, numerous recommendations for the enhancement of the actual situation will be proposed with a view to improving the participation of Serbian national dishes in the gastronomy offer of the Serbian restaurants.
Abstract:
This in-depth analysis examines how cultural heritage tourism may advance both sustainable
development and cross-cultural understanding. Cultural heritage travel provides a venue for cross-cultural
exchanges, raising cultural knowledge and encouraging respect among various visiting groups. It
generates economic benefits, such as income generation and employment opportunities, contributing to
the sustainable development of local communities. Moreover, cultural heritage tourism important role in
preserving heritage identity, traditions, customs, strengthening community pride. However, challenges
such as finding the right balance between commercialization and authenticity, addressing overcrowding,
and mitigating cultural commodification exist. The integration of digital technologies presents new
opportunities for enhancing cultural heritage tourism experiences and connecting visitors with local
communities. Additionally, recent studies have explored the potential of cultural heritage tourism in
promoting peacebuilding and reconciliation in conflict-affected regions. Future research should address
the limitations, such as regional and cultural context specificity, long-term impact assessments, and
stakeholder perspectives. Moreover, quantitative research methods, consideration of social justice issues,
and examination of negative impacts are crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of cultural
heritage tourism's potential and challenges. By addressing these gaps, cultural heritage tourism can
contribute to a more inclusive, interconnected, and culturally diverse world, promoting intercultural
understanding and sustainable development.
Keywords: Cultural heritage tourism, Sustainable development, Intercultural understanding, Economic
benefits, Community empowerment.
Arts and Immigration in the Public Environment in Bulgaria Victoria Durrer
Tatiana Stoitchkova, Academy of Arts, Sofia– Bulgaria, explores the development of the relationships between cultural diversity, immigration and the cultural situation in Bulgaria. Special attention is given to - how artists see migration flows. The analysis of media content and institutional arrangements reveal discrepancies between public opinion, everyday feelings and artistic solutions. Neither is the incorporation of the diversity into the traditional programming and cultural management unambiguous. Part of the Arts and Humanities Research Council funded research networking, Brokering Intercultural Exchange: Interrogating the role of arts and cultural management. More info at www.managingculture.net
This document provides an introduction to exploring the potential of cultural sites for tourism development in Kakumiro District, Uganda. It defines key terms like culture, cultural tourism, and cultural sites. It then describes several important cultural sites in the district that could be developed for tourism, including Semwema Rock Caves, Munsa Earthworks, Kooki Haibale, and Kabagole Cultural Site. Each site is explained in terms of its historical and cultural significance to help assess their potential for promoting cultural tourism in the area.
Associating to Create Unique Tourist Experiences of Small Wineries in Contine...Kayla Smith
This document discusses opportunities for small wineries in Croatia to create unique tourist experiences through association. It conducted interviews and a survey of winery owners in Virovitica-Podravina County. The findings show that while owners see potential, they are unfamiliar with concepts like scattered hotels and experience economies. They also face obstacles to association that limit their tourism offerings. The document argues that small wineries should form micro-clusters through activities like themed routes and accommodation to better compete in tourism and make use of their cultural and agricultural resources.
The document outlines the strategy for culture in the Republic of Moldova. The main goal is to develop guidelines for a sustainable cultural process that contributes to the social and economic development of the country. Specifically, it aims to make cultural institutions more efficient, protect cultural heritage, develop the cultural and creative industries, reform cultural administration, and align the country's cultural agenda with Europe. The strategy seeks to benefit consumers of culture, future generations, artists, cultural organizations, and civil society.
Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Summary Dr Lendy Spires
Why Tourism & Intangible Cultural Heritage? UNWTO Study on Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage Intangible Cultural Heritage is embodied in those practices, expressions, knowledge, and skills, as well as in associated objects and cultural spaces, that communities and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Transmitted through generations and constantly recreated, it provides humanity with a sense of identity and continuity.* This global wealth of traditions has become one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and experience the global variety of performing arts, handicrafts, rituals, cuisines, and interpretations of nature and the universe.
As celebrated on World Tourism Day 2011, ‘Tourism – Linking Cultures’, the cultural interaction spurred by such encounters prompts dialogue, builds understanding, and, in turn, fosters tolerance and peace. One of the challenges currently facing the tourism sector is to contribute to the identification, protection and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage through tourism development. Fostering the responsible use of this living heritage for tourism purposes can provide new employment opportunities, help alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration among the young and marginally-employed, and nurture a sense of pride among communities.
Tourism also offers a powerful incentive for preserving and enhancing intangible cultural heritage, as the revenue it generates can be channelled back into initiatives to aid its long-term survival. Intangible cultural heritage must be thoughtfully managed if it is to survive in an increasingly globalised world. True partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage sectors can only occur if all sides develop a genuine appreciation for each other’s aspirations and values.
Ivanovic & Saayman, 2013. Telling or selling Experiencing South African cultu...Milena Ivanovic, PhD
This document discusses the shift from mass tourism to experience-based cultural heritage tourism in South Africa. It proposes a model where the tourist experience is a "gestalt phenomenon" that integrates the cultural heritage product, interpretation of the product, and the tourist's experience. The model posits that attractions cannot speak for themselves and storytelling is needed to create an experience and sell the cultural heritage product. The document analyzes South African tourism strategies and statistics to argue that South Africa was slow to shift to this experience-based model, contributing to the low experiential value of its cultural heritage products currently. It concludes that interpreting and co-creating experiences with tourists through storytelling is key to selling cultural heritage tourism.
The document provides a history of tourism, beginning with its origins in ancient Greece and Rome. It discusses how tourism evolved from the aristocratic grand tours of 16th-18th century Europe to becoming a mainstream middle class activity by the early 19th century. Modern tourism emerged as an industrialized and commercialized set of activities in the late 19th-early 20th centuries. By the early 21st century, tourism had become one of the world's most important economic sectors. The document also covers the types of tourism including international/domestic and inbound/outbound tourism. It provides an overview of tourism in Albania, noting its beautiful landscapes, historic towns and the friendliness of its people.
Rural tourism is a serious factor in the development of rural areas. This is also supported by global developments in which mass tourism is increasingly losing its dynamism in collision with the coming individualism in choosing the type of destination and travel model. Ecology, culture, identity of destinations active attitude towards holiday and recreation, new forms and contents of the offer, theme parks and health are some of the trends in differentiating tourist interests. In these and this kind of conditions rural tourism encounters growing developmental, marketing, managerial and economic difficulties in its development. This requires finding an appropriate model of rural tourism, management which would be based primarily on the sustainable development of rural areas. This study aims to point out a possible model of strategic management of the development of rural tourism.
Embarking on a Cultural Odyssey: Unveiling the Wonders of the Cultural Exchan...jaafarshaikh
Cultural exchange visas allow artists, scholars, educators and professionals to travel abroad to share their talents, knowledge and perspectives. These visas foster mutual understanding and appreciation between societies by facilitating cultural exchange. While they require thorough planning and documentation to apply for, cultural exchange visas empower individuals to contribute to host communities and leave lasting legacies in the forms of art, research and education. Ultimately, they play a crucial role in cultural diplomacy and building global connections by promoting dialogue and breaking down stereotypes between nations.
The aim of the paper is to analyze the process of application of the project approach in the development of rural tourism in Serbia, which has contributed significantly to the growth of tourism GDP in recent years and has great potential for further development. The potential value of rural tourism in Serbia is briefly described, followed by the methodology of the project approach to the development of rural communities through a concrete example. The paper presents a concise overview of the project study for the production of the development plan of the community of rural households in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac in the region of Central Serbia. The final remarks highlight the importance of the participation of the population in the development of development plans, which is one of the basic features of the applied method.
The report summarizes field research on cultural stages and policies in 10 communes in Malopolska, Poland. Interviews with 120 cultural actors from the communes explored definitions of culture, cultural participation, and how cultural stages and policies are established. Key findings include: culture is defined locally as generating emotional energy and community solidarity; cultural participation brings historical education and skills; and cultural stages are mainly run by institutions while independent stages are underrepresented.
This document discusses cultural tourism in Indonesia. It begins by providing background on Indonesia's national tourism development goals and emphasis on cultural tourism due to the country's rich, diverse cultures. It then defines cultural tourism as tourism focused on a place's culture, including traditions, art, architecture, and lifestyle. The remainder of the document discusses theories of tourism and culture, and how Indonesia promotes cultural tourism to attract visitors while preserving cultural heritage and ensuring local communities benefit. Cultural tourism allows Indonesia to develop its unique identity and compete internationally in the tourism sector.
This document discusses cultural diversity and its relationship to tourism. It begins by defining culture and discussing the material and non-material aspects of culture. It then discusses cultural diversity and how diversity exists among both tourists and employees in the tourism sector. Embracing diversity helps tourism businesses appeal to international markets. Culture can also be promoted as a tourism product, telling the stories of local history and traditions. However, tourism can negatively impact culture through commodification, loss of authenticity, and other issues. Managing diversity and cultural impacts is an important part of sustainable tourism.
This document discusses strategies for promoting intercultural dialogue in Burgas, Bulgaria. It proposes that Burgas join the Intercultural Cities Network to gain access to tools and expertise for diversity. Short term strategies include organizing a Black Sea Roma Festival in 2011 to showcase Roma culture and applying to include Burgas on the map for the European Route of Roma Culture and Heritage. Long term plans involve the Open Mahala project from 2011-2015 using cultural tourism to alleviate poverty and revive the Roma neighborhood.
This document provides an overview of a project by the European Cultural Foundation and German Marshall Fund to support cultural actors of change in Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine. It discusses the goals of facilitating networking, cultural cooperation, and empowering local artists. An initial mapping identified outstanding individuals and organizations playing a role in culture and change. Country reports were produced through questionnaires and meetings to understand each country's cultural situation and how culture could support democracy, Europeanization, and modernization. The reflection process aims to develop a 3-year plan and new cultural instruments tailored to local needs in order to empower cultural actors in supporting positive change in the region.
Advertising and Promotion of whisper by Sakthi Sundarsakthisundar2001
This presentation is an invaluable resource for marketing professionals, students, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of effective advertising and promotion in the feminine hygiene sector. Explore how Whisper maintains its brand leadership and continues to innovate in a competitive market.
Transforming Digital Marketing with Top AI Tools of 2024.pdfTirupati Gayaph
In today's rapidly evolving digital marketing landscape, leveraging advanced technologies is essential for achieving competitive advantage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of this transformation, providing businesses with innovative tools to enhance engagement, streamline operations, and optimize strategies. This presentation covers some of the leading AI marketing tools that are revolutionizing the industry in 2024.
Slide 1: Introduction to AI in Marketing
• Overview of AI’s impact on digital marketing
• Importance of integrating AI tools in marketing strategies
Slide 2: HubSpot’s AI Features
• Predictive lead scoring
• AI-driven content recommendations
• Enhancing customer relationship management
Slide 3: OpenAI’s ChatGPT
• Human-like text generation for chatbots
• Real-time customer support solutions
• Improving customer engagement and satisfaction
Slide 4: Marketo’s AI Capabilities
• Automated email marketing
• Predictive content and customer segmentation
• Personalized marketing for increased conversions
Slide 5: Mailchimp’s AI-Powered Campaigns
• Predictive email sending times
• AI for personalized product recommendations
• Optimizing email marketing effectiveness
Slide 6: Canva’s AI Design Tools
• AI-powered design suggestions
• Access to current design trends
• Simplifying the creation of professional marketing materials
Slide 7: Hootsuite’s AI-Enhanced Social Media Tools
• AI-driven analytics for social media management
• Optimal posting times based on audience insights
• Enhancing social media strategy with data-driven decisions
Slide 8: Conclusion
• Recap of the benefits of AI marketing tools
• The importance of adopting AI technologies in marketing
• Call to explore our blog on Best AI Marketing Tools for more insights
These AI marketing tools are essential for businesses that want to harness the power of AI to enhance their marketing efforts. By adopting these technologies, companies can achieve more personalized customer interactions, efficient operations, and improved marketing outcomes.
For an in-depth understanding of how these AI marketing tools can transform your marketing approach, please visit our blog on Best AI Marketing Tools.
3 Best “Add to Calendar” Link Generator Tools (2024)Y
“Add to Calendar” link generator tools allow users to create links that add events directly to digital calendars like Google Calendar, Apple Calendar, and Outlook.
These tools simplify event scheduling by generating short URLs or QR codes that, when clicked or scanned, automatically insert event details into a user’s calendar.
They are ideal for streamlining the promotion of events in emails, websites, and social media, enhancing engagement and ensuring attendees don’t miss important dates.
These tools are designed to cater to diverse needs, from personal event planning to professional event promotion, ensuring your attendees can easily add events to their preferred calendar.
Cal.et is a versatile and user-friendly tool that allows you to create “Add to Calendar” links for seamless event scheduling and promotion.
This document was submitted as part of interview process for Marketing Specialist position at DTA Promotion, an Indonesian company which offers 360 degree marketing services, including ATL and BTL advertising platform.
TAM AdEx-Quarterly Report on Television Advertising_2024.pdfSocial Samosa
According to the report, there was a 4% decrease in television advertising volumes compared to the same period in 2023, indicating shifts in advertising strategies or market dynamics.
THE STORY COMMUNICATION Credential 2024.pptxhuyenngo62
The Story Communication là công ty quảng cáo truyền thông tích hợp (IMC) được xây dựng trên thế mạnh về Digital & Performance.
#Assemble #Integrity #Transformation #Initiative
Top 10 AI Trends to Watch in 2024 with Intelisyncnehapardhi711
As we advance further into the digital age, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, shaping various industries and aspects of our daily lives. The advancements in AI for 2024 promise significant transformations across multiple sectors. From agentic AI and open-source AI to AI-powered cybersecurity and sustainability, these trends highlight the growing influence of AI on our world. By staying informed and embracing these trends, businesses and individuals can harness the power of AI to innovate and thrive.
This article explores the top 10 AI trends to watch in 2024, providing an overview, impact, and examples of each trend.
Top 10 AI Trends to Watch in 2024
Trend 1: Agentic AI
Overview of Agentic AI
Agentic AI represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. These AI systems are designed to comprehend complex workflows and pursue difficult objectives autonomously, with minimal human assistance. Essentially, agentic AI functions similarly to human employees, understanding intricate contexts and instructions in normal language, defining goals, deducing subtasks, and adapting actions to changing circumstances.
Impact of Agentic AI
Agentic AI has the potential to drastically alter organizational roles, procedures, and relationships. AI assistants with advanced thinking and planning capabilities can perform tasks previously managed by humans. This shift enhances productivity by fully automating complex processes, freeing workers from repetitive tasks to focus on more critical activities. The ability to adapt quickly to changing circumstances ensures continuous operational improvements.
Examples and Use Cases of Agentic AI
Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars use agentic AI to navigate roads, interpret traffic signals, and make real-time decisions to ensure passenger safety.
Smart Home Devices: AI-powered home assistants, like smart thermostats and security systems, operate autonomously to optimize energy usage and enhance security.
Customer Service Bots: Advanced chatbots handle complex customer queries, provide solutions, and escalate issues to human agents when necessary.
Trend 2: Open Source AI
Overview of Open Source AI
Open-source AI involves freely available source code, encouraging developers to collaborate, use, adapt, and share AI technology. This openness fosters innovation and speeds up the development of practical AI solutions across various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and education.
Impact of Open Source AI
The collaborative nature of open-source AI promotes transparency and facilitates continuous improvement, leading to feature-rich, reliable, and modular solutions. These platforms enable the creation of applications such as real-time fraud detection, medical image analysis, personalized recommendations, and customized learning experiences.
Examples and Use Cases of Open Source AI
TensorFlow: An open-source machine learning framework by Google, widely used for building and deploying AI models.
Top 10 Digital Marketing Institute in lucknow.pptxzaireendigitech
Welcome to our ppt on the top 10 digital marketing institutes in Lucknow! If you're looking to enhance your skills in the dynamic field of digital marketing, Lucknow offers several excellent training options. Our curated list highlights the best digital marketing institutes in Lucknow, providing comprehensive courses that cover SEO, social media marketing, PPC, content marketing, and more. These institutes are renowned for their experienced faculty, practical training, and industry-relevant curriculum. Whether you're a beginner or a professional seeking to upgrade your skills, these institutes can help you achieve your career goals in digital marketing.
Why bridging the gap between PR and SEO is the only way forward for PR Profes...Isa Lavs
The lines between PR and SEO are blurring. SEOs are increasingly winning PR briefs by leveraging data and content to secure high-value placements. In this presentation, I explore the merging of PR and SEO, highlighting why SEO specialists are increasingly taking ‘PR’ business. I uncover the hidden SEO potential using PR tactics and discuss how to identify missed opportunities. I'll also offer insights into strategies for converting PR initiatives into successful link-building campaigns.
Title: Making Money the Easy Way: A Quick Guide to Generating IncomeWilliamZinsmeister
Welcome to "Making Money the Easy Way: A Quick Guide to Generating Income." This book is designed to provide you with practical, actionable strategies to generate income with minimal effort. Whether you’re looking to supplement your current income or create a full-time revenue stream, this guide covers a variety of methods to help you achieve your financial goals. We will explore opportunities available online, various investment strategies, profitable side hustles, creative approaches, and essential financial tips to ensure sustainable income growth.
Digital Marketing Company in India - DIGI BrooksDIGI Brooks
This infographic provides guidance on marketing analytics, helping businesses grow using tools like Google Analytics and AI, measuring ROI, and analysing future trends to track business development.
https://digibrooks.com/digital-marketing-services/
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Paper for SITCON conference 2016
1. Improving the competitiveness of tourism offer of
Vojvodina through fostering cooperation in cross-
border regions
Verica Bulović, Marija Najdić
Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
The College of Tourism, Belgrade, Serbia
bveruska74@gmail.com, marija.najdic@gmail.com
Abstract -Cultural tourism is connected to the change of preferences of modern tourists and their demands for the sustainable
destination development and helps to affirm the importance of culture along with the improvement of intercultural communication,
showing respect for other cultures and deepening of mutual understanding within different social entities. This paper aims to
investigate the ways of strengthening and improving of cultural and historical heritage in order to enhance tourism attraction
between cross border regions in Serbia (Vojvodina) and Hungary. In the long-run it can enhance tourism development and generate
new job opportunities, contribute to the development of relevant partnership and networks, which are needed for rural tourism
development.
Keywords - cultural tourism, cultural heritage, sustainable development, cross-border regions
Introduction
In the world in which the process of globalization has led to dramatic economic, political and social changes ,cultural tourism
has significant role in the communication of fundamental values of intercultural dialogue, protection and promotion of cultural
diversity and preservation of cultural heritage. Numerous local communities are constantly trying to identify and develop the
tangible and intangible elements of cultural heritage as the means to achieve a growing competitive advantage in an increasingly
competitive tourism market. Traditional tourism forms have negative effects on sustainable development of a tourism destination.
In order to neutralize their influence, cultural tourism plays an important role in regeneration and protection of cultural h eritage
treasures and contribution to employment and sustainable economic growth. The use of cultural heritage, with minimum related
investments, attracts a growing number of cultural tourists whose spending isn’t influenced by global market fluctuations.
As a part of increasing competitiveness of tourism regions and the capacity for sustainable growth, a number of European
initiatives are directed towards cross-bordercooperation. The FRESCO project of the cross-border Cooperation program Hungary
– Serbia serves as an excellent example of tourism-related initiatives. The FRESCO project is in line with the communication from
the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the
Regions. This study may serve as an example to other cross--border initiatives, implemented through projects and studies,or as an
example of developing a joint tourism projects. One of the objectives of this paper is to identify the need and cooperation
possibilities in accordance with the development strategies of the municipalities of Bač, Serbia and Bácsborsód, Hungary for
creation of joint tourism attraction of Vojvodina region. This is based on the research study of both municipalities’ endogenous
resources to tourismpotential together with the surrounding settlements.
I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Cultural tourism enhance intercultural communication and promote equality of different culture tradition between social and
ethnic groups. All over the world local communities are constantly promoting their cultural assets and develop a new ways of
communication with target segments in order to gain a comparative advantage in the global tourismmarket.
2. Tourism is an ideal field for the meeting of cultures.Thus, cultural tourism aims to link the consumer (educated tourists eager
to be introduced anotherculture) with the intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic-artistic sphere ofnation. In this context cultural tourism
factors include: art, colonies, exhibitions, events,festivals,music, dance, drama (theaterand film), languages and literature. It needs
to be mentioned that the concept of cultural tourismis very complex so there is the debate about how it could be defined (Richards,
2007; Shackleford, 2001). Usually, culture is analyzed through two components. The first involves exploring cultural categories
such as: organization of time and space, relationship with nature and social organization. The second component includes the
cultural principles (values, beliefs, social norms) that enable things (objects, phenomena) to be grouped into cultural categories,
ranked and evaluated (Maričić, 2008). Both components play a very important role in the planning of tourism development of a
particular area since they give guidelines on how the local offer of a specific country could be presented to certain types of tourists.
One of possible definitions determines cultural tourism as the visits of persons who are outside the domestic community and
are completely or partially motivated by their interest in the historical, artistic, scientific or “lifestyle/heritage” offerings of a local
community, a region, a group or an institution (Richards, 2007). The UN World Tourism Organization (1985) defines cultural
tourism as travelling with the aim of learning about foreign cultures, presentation of one’s own artistic work, visits to festivals,
cultural sightseeing, etc. In a certain sense, all tourism travelling can be seen as a form of cultural tourism because they "satisfy
tourists’needs to learn about foreign countries and raise the level of their cultural awareness and experiences through meeting with
other people.
Therefore, cultural tourism is an interactive, dynamic and advancing process of people’s intercultural, maintained by the rich
diversity and heritage of different cultures. From that view, culture can also be defined as a “living identity”. Culture and cultural
heritage, as the expression of identity and history of the people to which they belong, can serve as a tool for forming the identity
and differentiation of destinations, which at the same time localize and globalize cultural and tourist experiences that are
characterized by the contact and mixing of diverse cultures (Jelinčić, 2009).
From an economic point of view, cultural tourism is out of culture to tourism market with cultural and artistic product that has
cultural and economic value. Looking from an organizational point of view, it is the inter-connection of culture and tourism - two
complementary strands that need to establish partnership and join in the formation of joint products. Thus, we get the cultural
economy, which has become one of the four fastest growing sectors in the world economy (Dojčinović, 2005). Cultural tourism is
therefore the movement of tourists motivated by cultural reasons, but also the opportunity to promote revived cultural assets of a
region, locality, city, which provide tourists experience.
II. RESEARCH STUDY
The research issue is presented as the development ofcultural tourism in cross -borderregions and tendencies ofculturaltourism
development in a multi-national community, each of which is directed towards preserving and developing its own cultural identity.
The overall objective of the paper is to identify the needs and cooperation possibilities according to the development strate gies of
the municipalities of Bač, Serbia and Bácsborsód,Hungary for creation of joint tourism attraction of Vojvodina region. This must
be based on the research study of both municipalities, endogenous resources with a high tourism potential together with the
surrounding settlements.
In order to find the answers to the above-given questions,we have conducted a primary inquiry in a form of an interview with
direct and indirect focus groups.Focus group research is based on mutual comparison of the attitudes of individuals in a group of
selected leading partially structured discussion (Fern,2001). The research is carried out with a small group of people relevant to the
research problem. A survey was conducted among five focus groups with key stakeholders in tourism development of the cross-
border region: Bač and Bácsborsód Tourism Organizations (10 participants), representatives of the city administration (10),
participants in culture (10), private entrepreneurs (10) and local people (10). Identification of the focus groups was based on the
specific role that they play in tourismdevelopment ofthe region. Main topics included the issue ofthe achieved level of development
of tourism products,development of potential limitations and suggestions forpossible improvement of the tourist development of
the region.
The inquiry was conducted during April and May of 2016 among 50 participants of the focus groups in cross- border regions.
Our hypotesis was that the cultural tourismof specific regions is primarily based on multiethnicity that has given its contribution to
architectural objects, gastronomy, multilingualism and crafts, in the sense of producing items and souvenirs. This is the sign that
the regions of Serbia (Vojvodina) and Hungary already have a certain cultural identity formed on the tourismmarket.
3. In order to survey the experts, we used a semi-structured questionnaire containing the questions related to their assessment of
the current situation in the realm of culture and tourism. Also, we asked them about the current cultural identity and the de sired
identity and image of the regions, about the contribution of cultural institutions to development of cultural tourism, regional
cooperation, manifestations in which the cultural institution took part, number of visitors in the preceding year, and most
importantly, virtues and flaws in the regions’ cultural offering compared to other competitive destinations. This interview also
included SWOT analysis of the tourism potential of the region and the municipalities of Bač and Bácsborsód.
III. EMPIRICAL RESULTS
For this research paper, there are conducted interviews with 50 representatives of different focus groups. The focus group
research was conducted in an unstructured way.The atmosphere during the discussion was relaxed, and participants are encouraged
to participate equally in the discussion. The duration of the discussion was 60 minutes and we get answers which enabled
quantitative and qualitative analysis.
The questionnaire included 10 questions on which qualitative content analysis was carried out. The questions were related to
the development of cultural tourism and heritage in the surveyed regions and in Vojvodina as a wider area. Respondents were asked
to consider how they can take advantage of the development potential of the region for the purpose of tourism development of
Vojvodina. In addition, a discussion and development of tourism in the past or whether something has been done regarding the
tourism development strategy ofVojvodina and how much of the observed regions involved in this development. Respondents were
analyzed promotional material, internet presentation of region presentation at fairs and etc. Based on the study corresponds done a
qualitative analysis that represented the basis for the development of tourist regions and positioning strategy for to urism
development.
Vojvodina as a tourist destination is a framework for considering the development of tourism cross -borderregions.Vojvodina's
future tourismdevelopment conceived as a distinctive tourist destination thanks to its unique position,rich cultural traditions,idyllic
rural atmosphere, picturesque landscapes, gastro-oenological offer and the kindness of people. The basic orientation of the
Vojvodina tourism is in line with global trends of world tourism indicate shortening the length of stay in the destination,the search
for environmentally preserved areas, programs that are facing the preservation of health and refreshment from the fast pace o f life.
All focus group participants agreed that the cross-border region can better exploit their development potential better promotion,
networking of tourism operators, tourism aid for important projects and projects applying for EU pre-accession funds. According
to the respondents, the basic conditions for the development of tourism in the region are: clean environment (22%), cultural and
historical heritage (45%), the possibility of active rest (20%), infrastructure and tourism facilities (13%). When asked about the
system of values which exists in this area, the respondents believe that it’s elements are: hospitality of local residents (26%),
gastronomy, enology, ethnology (18%), conservation of the natural environment (12%), cultural and historical heritage (36%),
environment and anti-stress ambient (8%), etc. We asked also how to exploit the potential of the region for tourism, and the answers
that we have received confirm that it is necessary to invest more in the promotion, gatherall tourist stakeholders and support projects
for pre-accession funds.When asked what are the most important tourism products of the region, respondents expressed that these
are: events and manifestations, ethnic and religious tourism, hunting and fishing, cultural tourism and special interests tourism
(biking). Tourism workers are considered that it is essential to develop the cultural and historical heritage tour as well as the
gastronomic tour.
First of all, participation of focus groups in cross-borderregions is highly positive (83%) about the culturaland heritage tourism
offer. The reason lies in the fact that these institutions also recognize the importance of cross-bordercooperation with the aim of
realizing new programs and emitting those to the wider public. These cross border regions have always been recognizable for t heir
high level of culture, which distinguishes it and gives it a special hallmark. The multi-ethnicity and variety factor, which is present
not only in the ethnic composition of the population, but also in the institutions that care about culture, also contributes to that.
These institutions look after the tradition and heritage, while opening the door for new and young authors, the future carriers of
culture, so they can expose, develop and improve themselves, which will be very important in the future – because the culture of
the future hides in the youth of today.
Certain institutions primarily fosterartistic programs directed towards the local audience,but these programs are self-organized,
without initiative and cooperation with other institutions.The question of tolerance between the different ethnicities in the regions
of Serbia (Vojvodina) and Hungary caused divided opinions.Most institutions viewed the question from a personal angle and the
angle of contribution to tolerance,and so assessed this phenomenon relatively positively, emphasizing their maximal engagement
in working with the public.First and foremost, it’s the fact of multiculturalismand diversity that has been nurtured by the se regions
4. for centuries. Numerous festivals are held in a peaceful environment and most of them place folk music, folk games, folk motives,
traditionsand heritage astheircentral focus. In this way many citizens can acquaint themselves with their fellow citizens’ cultures,
while the tourists can do the same with local culture, which strengthens a general level of tolerance.
SWOT analysisis performed on the basis of the analysis (socio-demographic conditions,infrastructure,and level of economic
development, tourism demand and supply, attraction base), several site visits, interviews with the key stakeholders of tourism
development, and in consultation with the relevant literature. There is no doubt that Bacs and Bácsborsód possess necessary
elements for development of tourism potential.Some are of the opinion that Bačka fortress is a national tourismattraction a nd the
potential space for various cultural manifestations. In this region, there is the Franciscan monastery in Bač, Bođani Monastery,
the Castle of Latinovitsfamily in Bácsborsód, and also the chapel of Latinovits family which has been renovated,and boasts quiet
and gentle landscape and numerous events etc.
The Region of Bač boastsrich cultural and historical heritage,immovable and movable cultural property. It is rich in medieval
period with an impressive old fortress Bač with the Barbican and the outskirts, the preserved architectural heritage dating from
the 12th to the 19th century period, reflecting the influence of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Byzantine and Islamic art,
Baroque and unequivocally testifiesthe cultural diversity of the region,which represents a link between the cultures and traditions
of the Balkans. It still preserves rich tangible and intangible heritage of the culture of life and work of Bačka region - songs,
costumes, customs, handicrafts,rural architecture and agriculture.Tourism attractions ofBač contribute to different people whose
richness of tradition and customs attract touristsand events - a variety of attractive events,cultural and artistic events, fairs, river
Danube canal DTD with walkways and artificial attractions.
Tourism attraction of Bač and the surrounding tourism area is only partially valorized as tourism and it is far from optimal
destination tourism product. Potential religious tourism is hardly broached, and the potential for developing a cultural tourism,
which, above all, lays in the fortress of Bač, has yet to develop,with help of the investments from the FRESCO project. Due to its
favorable location nearthe Danube (waterway 43 km), the large markets of Belgrade and Novi Sad and the position of the border
region, there is a huge potential for developing tourism on the water (Danube region).
IV. CONCLUSION
Culture is a fundamental factor in development of any country. Namely, every society can be distinguished by its specificity,
which also marks the potential tourists’ train of thought before travelling to a certain destination. But what are the elements of
culture, how is culture built and what is the primary motive of a society by which it can most easily be distinguished and
differentiated from others? The narrow level of culture presented by a society is built from a large number of motives – tradition,
gastronomy and taste, architecture, history (in the views of others – conflicts, previous wars), and also the education level of the
population, as well as the mentality itself, which is partly a result of the above given items, and partly a result of innate
characteristics.
By striving to give the answers to such questions, in an unorganized multicultural destination, non-harmonized interethnic
relations would cause an inevitable dispute, from which reservations would be formed and the sides would come into conflict.
Vojvodina region, on the other hand, can take a great pride in the fact that its multiculturalism has formed over centuries, and thus
during that time it managed to bridge the divide between various ethnicities which found themselves all in one place due to t urbulent
historical events. Modern society brings new challenges that pose new threats to peaceful ethnic relations, and have an effect on the
departure of members of certain minorities, which increases the numbers of the dominant ethnic community, and which wouldn’t
present a problem were we not aspiring to keep an authentic multiethnic environment. The lack of a strong intellectual caste in the
region’s government and administration, the vanished civic middle class, the very class that built and nourished the culture, as well
as indifference of investors towards supporting new endeavors,all present a serious threat to the tourism foundation, and by that,
to cultural tourism in Bač and Bácsborsód.
Therefore, this research paper wants to set up a conceptualframework for the holders of economic, social and tourism policy
in the cross-borderregions. Thus,it will become a guide for the design of a set of activities that has to be systemic and long-term
development of tourism products and infrastructure, and manage the tourism development. It is a document in which there are
incorporated all the elements of tourism development of this area as for making business and development decisions at the level of
entrepreneurship, particularly tourism companies and potential investors.
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