This document summarizes a paper that reviews various schemes for generating electric power from renewable energy resources. It discusses schemes that utilize wind, solar, geothermal, ocean, and hydro energy. It notes the intermittent nature of most renewable resources and discusses hybrid systems and energy storage methods to provide continuous power. It also addresses the challenges of high generation costs and the need for further technological development to produce power at a lower cost and constant output.
Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind Solar System – A Reviewijtsrd
This paper presents a review on grid Integration and power quality issues associated with the integration of renewable energy systems in to grid and Role of power electronic devices and Flexible AC Transmission Systems related to these Issues. In this paper, recent trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic PV power generators are presented. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented. Classification of various Power Quality Issues used by different researchers has been done and put for reference. Application of various techniques as applied to mitigate the different Power Quality problems is also presented for consideration. Power Electronics interface not only plays a very important role in efficient integration of Wind and Solar energy system but also to its effects on the power system operation especially where the renewable energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity.However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Nitish Agrawal | Dr. Manju Gupta | Neeti Dugaya "Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind/Solar System – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47909/analysis-of-various-power-quality-issues-of-windsolar-system-–-a-review/nitish-agrawal
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources for domestic purposes. The system combines vertical axis wind turbines, solar panels, and a pico-hydro system to generate dispatchable electric power. It stores the generated power in batteries which can then be used to power devices like CFLs, radios, and fans. A hybrid system is more economical than individual wind, solar, or hydro systems and provides continuous power without fluctuations by integrating the different renewable sources. The document describes the working of each component and concludes by discussing the advantages like rural electrification, continuous power supply, and reduced maintenance compared to traditional systems.
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
IRJET- Renewable Energy Hybrid Power System with Improvement of Power Quality...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) scheme to improve power quality in microgrids. The proposed system uses two inverters, with the main inverter injecting real power from renewable energy sources into the grid, and an auxiliary inverter compensating for unbalanced and nonlinear local loads. Control algorithms based on instantaneous symmetrical component theory are developed to operate the inverters in grid sharing and grid injection modes. Simulation and experimental results validate that the DVSI scheme increases reliability, lowers costs, and better utilizes microgrid power compared to a single inverter system.
The document discusses different types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis wind turbines which have rotors that spin around a horizontal axis, and vertical axis wind turbines which have rotors that spin around a vertical axis. It describes the basic components of wind turbines, such as blades, gearboxes, generators, and controllers. It also outlines some of the advantages and disadvantages of different wind turbine designs.
Battery energy storage and power electronics based voltage and frequency cont...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a system for connecting a wind turbine to the electric grid using battery energy storage and power electronics for voltage and frequency control. The system includes an asynchronous generator, uncontrolled rectifier, PWM inverter, DC link capacitor, and battery storage. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate the system's ability to generate grid-quality power from a wind turbine while regulating voltage and frequency. The battery storage compensates for fluctuations from the intermittent wind power and supports strengthening the generator's connection to the grid.
Power-Quality Improvement Features In Grid Interconnection of Wind Energy Sou...AM Publications
The increased power demand, the depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the growth of the environmental pollution has led
the world to think seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to the
distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. A new control strategy for achieving maximum advantage from
these grid-interfacing inverters which are when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems is given in this paper. With the inverter
control, the inverter can be used as a multi-function device, which includes the function of: 1) power converter to inject power generated
from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. These functions of the inverter can be done either individually or simultaneously. The proposed inverter with the
control when connected, helps the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced
linear load to the grid. With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated here.
A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production Systemijtsrd
The purpose main purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of electrification without grid in the Indian subcontinent. The electrical installation will be done with a mixed system that includes Small Hydropower using compensation for water flow, and wind power. Given the climate change that has been observed in regions around the world and believed to be due to the use of conventional energy sources, we must turn our attention to renewable energy sources that are conducive to the future. This paper presents research on the design and simulation of small wind hydro power. After execution, this experimental station will be used primarily to study the potential for hydropower plants to conserve wind power through hydro energy. Indra Pal Singh | Dr. Ravinder Kumar "A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50175/a-hybrid-wind-and-hydroelectric-power-production-system/indra-pal-singh
Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind Solar System – A Reviewijtsrd
This paper presents a review on grid Integration and power quality issues associated with the integration of renewable energy systems in to grid and Role of power electronic devices and Flexible AC Transmission Systems related to these Issues. In this paper, recent trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic PV power generators are presented. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented. Classification of various Power Quality Issues used by different researchers has been done and put for reference. Application of various techniques as applied to mitigate the different Power Quality problems is also presented for consideration. Power Electronics interface not only plays a very important role in efficient integration of Wind and Solar energy system but also to its effects on the power system operation especially where the renewable energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity.However there are various issues related to grid integration of RES keeping in the view of aforesaid trends it becomes necessary to investigate the possible solutions for these issues. Nitish Agrawal | Dr. Manju Gupta | Neeti Dugaya "Analysis of Various Power Quality Issues of Wind/Solar System – A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47909.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47909/analysis-of-various-power-quality-issues-of-windsolar-system-–-a-review/nitish-agrawal
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources for domestic purposes. The system combines vertical axis wind turbines, solar panels, and a pico-hydro system to generate dispatchable electric power. It stores the generated power in batteries which can then be used to power devices like CFLs, radios, and fans. A hybrid system is more economical than individual wind, solar, or hydro systems and provides continuous power without fluctuations by integrating the different renewable sources. The document describes the working of each component and concludes by discussing the advantages like rural electrification, continuous power supply, and reduced maintenance compared to traditional systems.
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
IRJET- Renewable Energy Hybrid Power System with Improvement of Power Quality...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) scheme to improve power quality in microgrids. The proposed system uses two inverters, with the main inverter injecting real power from renewable energy sources into the grid, and an auxiliary inverter compensating for unbalanced and nonlinear local loads. Control algorithms based on instantaneous symmetrical component theory are developed to operate the inverters in grid sharing and grid injection modes. Simulation and experimental results validate that the DVSI scheme increases reliability, lowers costs, and better utilizes microgrid power compared to a single inverter system.
The document discusses different types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis wind turbines which have rotors that spin around a horizontal axis, and vertical axis wind turbines which have rotors that spin around a vertical axis. It describes the basic components of wind turbines, such as blades, gearboxes, generators, and controllers. It also outlines some of the advantages and disadvantages of different wind turbine designs.
Battery energy storage and power electronics based voltage and frequency cont...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a system for connecting a wind turbine to the electric grid using battery energy storage and power electronics for voltage and frequency control. The system includes an asynchronous generator, uncontrolled rectifier, PWM inverter, DC link capacitor, and battery storage. Simulation results in MATLAB demonstrate the system's ability to generate grid-quality power from a wind turbine while regulating voltage and frequency. The battery storage compensates for fluctuations from the intermittent wind power and supports strengthening the generator's connection to the grid.
Power-Quality Improvement Features In Grid Interconnection of Wind Energy Sou...AM Publications
The increased power demand, the depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the growth of the environmental pollution has led
the world to think seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to the
distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. A new control strategy for achieving maximum advantage from
these grid-interfacing inverters which are when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems is given in this paper. With the inverter
control, the inverter can be used as a multi-function device, which includes the function of: 1) power converter to inject power generated
from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and
load neutral current. These functions of the inverter can be done either individually or simultaneously. The proposed inverter with the
control when connected, helps the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced
linear load to the grid. With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated here.
A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production Systemijtsrd
The purpose main purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of electrification without grid in the Indian subcontinent. The electrical installation will be done with a mixed system that includes Small Hydropower using compensation for water flow, and wind power. Given the climate change that has been observed in regions around the world and believed to be due to the use of conventional energy sources, we must turn our attention to renewable energy sources that are conducive to the future. This paper presents research on the design and simulation of small wind hydro power. After execution, this experimental station will be used primarily to study the potential for hydropower plants to conserve wind power through hydro energy. Indra Pal Singh | Dr. Ravinder Kumar "A Hybrid Wind and Hydroelectric Power Production System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50175/a-hybrid-wind-and-hydroelectric-power-production-system/indra-pal-singh
Fuzzy logic control of hybrid systems including renewable energy in microgrids IJECEIAES
With a growing demand for more energy from subscribers, a traditional electric grid is unable to meet new challenges, in the remote areas remains the extension of the conventional electric network very hard to do make prohibitively expensive. Therefore, a new advanced generation of traditional electrical is inevitable and indispensable to move toward an effective, economical, green, clean and self-correcting power system. The most well-known term used to define this next generation power system is micro grid (MG) based on renewable energy sources (RES). Since, the energy produced by RES are not constant at all times, a wide range of energy control techniques must be involved to provide a reliable power to consumers. To solve this problem in this paper we present a fuzzy logic control of isolated hybrid systems (HRES) including renewable energy in micro-grids to maintain a stability in voltage and frequency output especially in the standalone application. The considered HRES combine a wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels as primary energy sources and an energy storage system (ESS) based on battery as a backup solution. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in decreasing the electricity bill of customer.
Mitigation of Voltage Dip and Swell Faults in Wind Energy Conversion SystemsIRJET Journal
This document discusses mitigation of voltage dips and swells in wind energy conversion systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces voltage dips and swells as power quality problems that wind energy systems must address to comply with grid standards. It then provides background on wind energy and describes different types of wind turbine configurations and generator systems. Finally, it discusses specific power quality problems like undervoltage, overvoltage, voltage dips, and voltage swells that wind energy systems must be able to mitigate in order to integrate reliably with the electric grid.
Modeling and experimental analysis of variable speed three phase squirrel 2IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel three-phase squirrel cage induction generator configuration called two-series-connected-and-one isolated (TSCAOI) that can generate single-phase electricity at constant frequency from variable rotor speeds without an intermediate converter. It presents the generator system, which uses a three-phase induction machine with one isolated winding for excitation and the other two windings connected in series as the power winding. An experimental analysis and mathematical model are also developed to accurately predict the generator's behavior.
This document discusses the role of power electronics in coupling non-renewable and renewable energy systems to electric grids. It describes how power electronics can be used to interface systems like fuel cells, solar panels, wind turbines, and microturbines to convert their output to the required grid voltage and frequency. The document outlines several types of non-renewable systems like internal combustion engines and microturbines as well as renewable systems including wind, solar, and wave energy. It provides examples of how power electronics topologies can be applied to efficiently couple each type of system and allow for functions like maximum power point tracking and grid support services.
A Frame Work for Control of Gird Connected Wind Power Using Two Layer ControlIJMTST Journal
Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented all over the world. It is economically beneficial to integrate very large amounts of wind capacity in power systems. Unlike other traditional generation facilities, using wind turbines present technical challenges in producing continuous and controllable electric power. With increase in contribution of wind power into electric power grid, energy storage devices will be required to dynamically match the intermitting of wind energy. When wind turbines are connected to a grid, they should always maintain constant power. In order to maintain constant active power, the use of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) with Energy Storage System (ESS) like super capacitor (or) batteries can be used, with a two layer control scheme. In the two layers control there is a high-layer controller known as Wind Farm Supervisory Control (WFSC), which generates the active power (P), Stator Power (Ps), Energy storage power (Pe), DC voltage (Vdc) etc., references for the low-layer WTG controllers. The low-layer controller has two different controls i.e., Grid side controller (GSC) and Rotor side controller (RSC) which are used to control the AC/DC/AC converters of DFIG wind turbines and to generate the desired active power demand specified by the grid operator. Simulation is carried out in Matlab to evaluate the performance of wind farm equipped with 15 DFIG wind turbines with and without ESS to provide a constant active power of 36MW.
FORMULATION AND EXECUTION OF A DC TO DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH NON-CONVENTIONAL...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the formulation and execution of a DC to DC boost converter to increase the voltage from a non-conventional energy source for powering an electrolyzer.
2) A boost converter using IGBT switches is designed and simulated in MATLAB to increase the voltage from 32.69V from a 200W solar panel to 226.5V required by the electrolyzer.
3) The simulation results show the converter can achieve over 92% efficiency at full load and maintain the output voltage between 180-226V with varying input voltage and load, making it suitable for powering the electrolyzer from a solar energy source.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sourcesijtsrd
This work presents a control of a micro grid at an isolated location fed from wind and solar based hybrid energy sources. The machine used for wind energy conversion is doubly fed induction generator DFIG and a battery bank is connected to a common DC bus of them. A solar photovoltaic PV array is used to convert solar power, which is evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG using a DC DC boost converter in a cost effective way. The voltage and frequency are controlled through an indirect vector control of the line side converter, which is incorporated with drop characteristics. It alters the frequency set point based on the energy level of the battery, which slows down over charging or discharging of the battery. The system is also able to work when wind power source is unavailable. Both wind and solar energy blocks have maximum power point tracking MPPT in their control algorithm. Sheikh Shakir Zahoor | Baljit Kaur "Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38240.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38240/design-and-control-of-micro-grid-fed-by-renewable-energy-generating-sources/sheikh-shakir-zahoor
Exponential growth in the energy demand on account of rising population and economic growth,
increasing apprehensions of energy security coupled with climate change and global warming concerns are some
of the major drivers for pushing the renewable energy (RE) to the top of the energy portfolio. Among various
renewable energy resources, wind and solar PV systems are experiencing rapid growth since 2010. By the end of
2016, the world total capacity of wind power generation was 487 GW and that of solar PV was 303 GW,
aggregating to a penetration level of 4.0% and 1.5% respectively. Global renewable energy penetration till Dec.
2016, excluding conventional hydro share (of 16.6%) was only around 8.0%. However, many countries have set
target of 30% RE based electricity generation by 2030. India has an ambitious target of achieving 175 GW of RE
power by 2022, with 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from biomass and 5 GW from small hydro.
Power generation from renewables often takes place through distributed generation (DG). These units, mostly
located in remote locations, are not centrally planned or dispatched, and are usually connected to distribution grids
at LV or MV levels. In few cases, large capacity RE generation are also connected to transmission networks. As a
result, the power generation structure is moving from the large, centralized plants to a mixed generation pool
consisting of traditional large plants and many smaller DG units. Most of the RE generators have electrical
characteristics that are different from the synchronous machines. Since a large group of DG technologies use
power electronics converters for grid connectivity, they introduce many technical issues related to the operation,
control and protection of the power system, impacting generators, transmission system and consumer devices.
This paper presents some of the technical issues and challenges that need to be addressed for the effective
grid integration of RE based power generators so that eventually, our reliance on polluting and expensive fossilbased
hydro-carbon driven power generation can be reduced substantially.
This document discusses power electronics and control of renewable energy systems, focusing on wind energy and photovoltaics. It provides background on the development of power electronics and its role in interfacing renewable energy sources with the electric grid. Modern power electronics allow wind turbines and solar panels to function as active power sources that can control outputs like active and reactive power. The document also summarizes different wind turbine configurations and control methods, as well as developments in photovoltaic technology and power converters used with solar systems.
Solar Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Gridijtsrd
Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Grid tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable MATLAB modeling has been used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 2 MW wind turbines and 2.5 MW solar PV was evaluated. Shahid Ahmad Malik | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38452.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38452/solarwind-hybrid-generation-system-integration-with-grid/shahid-ahmad-malik
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- A Review on Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Energy SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems. It begins with an abstract that describes how combining solar and wind power can provide better reliability than individual systems and be more economical. The document then reviews technologies for solar PV cells and wind turbines. It describes two types of hybrid solar-wind systems - grid-connected and stand-alone. Several research papers on hybrid solar-wind systems are summarized that address optimization, power electronics, and integration challenges. The document concludes that hybrid systems can help address the intermittent nature of solar and wind power.
This document discusses hybrid renewable energy systems and their suitability for rural regions in India. It notes that about 75% of India's population lives in rural areas that often face electricity shortages, hindering development. Hybrid systems that combine two or more renewable sources like biomass, wind, solar, and hydro could help address this issue by providing a more reliable supply. The document outlines several hybrid system examples and notes their advantages like increased reliability, flexibility, and lower operating costs compared to individual renewable systems. However, hybrid systems also present challenges like complex power conditioning, stochastic resource availability, and coordination with electric grids.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
Smart ac dc low voltage distribution system for building with distributed gen...IAEME Publication
1) The document proposes a smart low voltage distribution system for buildings that includes both AC and DC distribution to meet the energy needs of various loads.
2) A DC distribution system is proposed to facilitate distributed generation and consumer devices that operate on DC, eliminating the need for AC compatibility.
3) The system utilizes smart grid technologies through a smart distribution management system to enable demand side management and improve power quality and energy efficiency of the combined AC/DC distribution system.
This paper reviews technologies for enhancing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of wind farms using induction generators. It analyzes how FACTS controllers like STATCOMs or MERs can improve LVRT capability compared to thyristor controlled static var compensators (SVCs). It proposes using transient stability margin as an indicator of LVRT capability and describes a torque slip characteristic approach for estimating the rating of compensation devices needed to ensure stability after a fault. The paper also discusses different wind generator types, LVRT technologies like active crowbars and energy storage, and the role of grid codes in technical requirements for connecting wind farms to the grid.
This paper reviews technologies for enhancing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of wind farms using induction generators. It analyzes how FACTS controllers like STATCOMs or MERs can improve LVRT capability compared to thyristor controlled static var compensators (SVCs). It proposes using transient stability margin as an indicator of LVRT capability and describes a torque slip characteristic approach for estimating the rating of compensation devices needed to ensure stability after a fault. The paper also discusses different wind generator types, LVRT technologies like active crowbars and energy storage, and the role of grid codes in technical requirements for connecting wind farms to the grid.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Fuzzy logic control of hybrid systems including renewable energy in microgrids IJECEIAES
With a growing demand for more energy from subscribers, a traditional electric grid is unable to meet new challenges, in the remote areas remains the extension of the conventional electric network very hard to do make prohibitively expensive. Therefore, a new advanced generation of traditional electrical is inevitable and indispensable to move toward an effective, economical, green, clean and self-correcting power system. The most well-known term used to define this next generation power system is micro grid (MG) based on renewable energy sources (RES). Since, the energy produced by RES are not constant at all times, a wide range of energy control techniques must be involved to provide a reliable power to consumers. To solve this problem in this paper we present a fuzzy logic control of isolated hybrid systems (HRES) including renewable energy in micro-grids to maintain a stability in voltage and frequency output especially in the standalone application. The considered HRES combine a wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels as primary energy sources and an energy storage system (ESS) based on battery as a backup solution. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in decreasing the electricity bill of customer.
Mitigation of Voltage Dip and Swell Faults in Wind Energy Conversion SystemsIRJET Journal
This document discusses mitigation of voltage dips and swells in wind energy conversion systems. It begins with an abstract that introduces voltage dips and swells as power quality problems that wind energy systems must address to comply with grid standards. It then provides background on wind energy and describes different types of wind turbine configurations and generator systems. Finally, it discusses specific power quality problems like undervoltage, overvoltage, voltage dips, and voltage swells that wind energy systems must be able to mitigate in order to integrate reliably with the electric grid.
Modeling and experimental analysis of variable speed three phase squirrel 2IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel three-phase squirrel cage induction generator configuration called two-series-connected-and-one isolated (TSCAOI) that can generate single-phase electricity at constant frequency from variable rotor speeds without an intermediate converter. It presents the generator system, which uses a three-phase induction machine with one isolated winding for excitation and the other two windings connected in series as the power winding. An experimental analysis and mathematical model are also developed to accurately predict the generator's behavior.
This document discusses the role of power electronics in coupling non-renewable and renewable energy systems to electric grids. It describes how power electronics can be used to interface systems like fuel cells, solar panels, wind turbines, and microturbines to convert their output to the required grid voltage and frequency. The document outlines several types of non-renewable systems like internal combustion engines and microturbines as well as renewable systems including wind, solar, and wave energy. It provides examples of how power electronics topologies can be applied to efficiently couple each type of system and allow for functions like maximum power point tracking and grid support services.
A Frame Work for Control of Gird Connected Wind Power Using Two Layer ControlIJMTST Journal
Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented all over the world. It is economically beneficial to integrate very large amounts of wind capacity in power systems. Unlike other traditional generation facilities, using wind turbines present technical challenges in producing continuous and controllable electric power. With increase in contribution of wind power into electric power grid, energy storage devices will be required to dynamically match the intermitting of wind energy. When wind turbines are connected to a grid, they should always maintain constant power. In order to maintain constant active power, the use of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) with Energy Storage System (ESS) like super capacitor (or) batteries can be used, with a two layer control scheme. In the two layers control there is a high-layer controller known as Wind Farm Supervisory Control (WFSC), which generates the active power (P), Stator Power (Ps), Energy storage power (Pe), DC voltage (Vdc) etc., references for the low-layer WTG controllers. The low-layer controller has two different controls i.e., Grid side controller (GSC) and Rotor side controller (RSC) which are used to control the AC/DC/AC converters of DFIG wind turbines and to generate the desired active power demand specified by the grid operator. Simulation is carried out in Matlab to evaluate the performance of wind farm equipped with 15 DFIG wind turbines with and without ESS to provide a constant active power of 36MW.
FORMULATION AND EXECUTION OF A DC TO DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH NON-CONVENTIONAL...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the formulation and execution of a DC to DC boost converter to increase the voltage from a non-conventional energy source for powering an electrolyzer.
2) A boost converter using IGBT switches is designed and simulated in MATLAB to increase the voltage from 32.69V from a 200W solar panel to 226.5V required by the electrolyzer.
3) The simulation results show the converter can achieve over 92% efficiency at full load and maintain the output voltage between 180-226V with varying input voltage and load, making it suitable for powering the electrolyzer from a solar energy source.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sourcesijtsrd
This work presents a control of a micro grid at an isolated location fed from wind and solar based hybrid energy sources. The machine used for wind energy conversion is doubly fed induction generator DFIG and a battery bank is connected to a common DC bus of them. A solar photovoltaic PV array is used to convert solar power, which is evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG using a DC DC boost converter in a cost effective way. The voltage and frequency are controlled through an indirect vector control of the line side converter, which is incorporated with drop characteristics. It alters the frequency set point based on the energy level of the battery, which slows down over charging or discharging of the battery. The system is also able to work when wind power source is unavailable. Both wind and solar energy blocks have maximum power point tracking MPPT in their control algorithm. Sheikh Shakir Zahoor | Baljit Kaur "Design and Control of Micro Grid Fed by Renewable Energy Generating Sources" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38240.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38240/design-and-control-of-micro-grid-fed-by-renewable-energy-generating-sources/sheikh-shakir-zahoor
Exponential growth in the energy demand on account of rising population and economic growth,
increasing apprehensions of energy security coupled with climate change and global warming concerns are some
of the major drivers for pushing the renewable energy (RE) to the top of the energy portfolio. Among various
renewable energy resources, wind and solar PV systems are experiencing rapid growth since 2010. By the end of
2016, the world total capacity of wind power generation was 487 GW and that of solar PV was 303 GW,
aggregating to a penetration level of 4.0% and 1.5% respectively. Global renewable energy penetration till Dec.
2016, excluding conventional hydro share (of 16.6%) was only around 8.0%. However, many countries have set
target of 30% RE based electricity generation by 2030. India has an ambitious target of achieving 175 GW of RE
power by 2022, with 100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from biomass and 5 GW from small hydro.
Power generation from renewables often takes place through distributed generation (DG). These units, mostly
located in remote locations, are not centrally planned or dispatched, and are usually connected to distribution grids
at LV or MV levels. In few cases, large capacity RE generation are also connected to transmission networks. As a
result, the power generation structure is moving from the large, centralized plants to a mixed generation pool
consisting of traditional large plants and many smaller DG units. Most of the RE generators have electrical
characteristics that are different from the synchronous machines. Since a large group of DG technologies use
power electronics converters for grid connectivity, they introduce many technical issues related to the operation,
control and protection of the power system, impacting generators, transmission system and consumer devices.
This paper presents some of the technical issues and challenges that need to be addressed for the effective
grid integration of RE based power generators so that eventually, our reliance on polluting and expensive fossilbased
hydro-carbon driven power generation can be reduced substantially.
This document discusses power electronics and control of renewable energy systems, focusing on wind energy and photovoltaics. It provides background on the development of power electronics and its role in interfacing renewable energy sources with the electric grid. Modern power electronics allow wind turbines and solar panels to function as active power sources that can control outputs like active and reactive power. The document also summarizes different wind turbine configurations and control methods, as well as developments in photovoltaic technology and power converters used with solar systems.
Solar Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Gridijtsrd
Wind and solar energy are becoming popular owing to the abundance, availability and ease of harnessing the energy for electrical power generation. This paper focuses on an integrated hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar energies. Grid tied power generation systems make use of solar PV or wind turbines to produce electricity and supply the load by connecting to the grid. In this study, the HOMER Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable MATLAB modeling has been used to model the power system, its physical behavior and its life cycle cost. Through the use of simulations, the installation of ten 2 MW wind turbines and 2.5 MW solar PV was evaluated. Shahid Ahmad Malik | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Wind Hybrid Generation System Integration with Grid" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38452.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38452/solarwind-hybrid-generation-system-integration-with-grid/shahid-ahmad-malik
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- A Review on Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Energy SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems. It begins with an abstract that describes how combining solar and wind power can provide better reliability than individual systems and be more economical. The document then reviews technologies for solar PV cells and wind turbines. It describes two types of hybrid solar-wind systems - grid-connected and stand-alone. Several research papers on hybrid solar-wind systems are summarized that address optimization, power electronics, and integration challenges. The document concludes that hybrid systems can help address the intermittent nature of solar and wind power.
This document discusses hybrid renewable energy systems and their suitability for rural regions in India. It notes that about 75% of India's population lives in rural areas that often face electricity shortages, hindering development. Hybrid systems that combine two or more renewable sources like biomass, wind, solar, and hydro could help address this issue by providing a more reliable supply. The document outlines several hybrid system examples and notes their advantages like increased reliability, flexibility, and lower operating costs compared to individual renewable systems. However, hybrid systems also present challenges like complex power conditioning, stochastic resource availability, and coordination with electric grids.
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Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
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energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
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software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
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power as well as in its technological development made it
an alternative to conventional energy systems.
Consequently the wind energy systems have made a
significant contribution to the daily life in developing
countries, where there is no access of electricity to the one
third population of the world [6-8].
Wind, which results from air in motion, possesses
kinetic energy by virtue of its motion. If any device slows
down the motion of moving air can extract a part of the
wind energy and utilize it in some useful work. In electric
generation the WT extracts energy from wind in motion
and rotates the electric generator. The power output
extracted from the wind by a WECS depends upon the
wind speed, the cross section area of the wind swept by
the WT rotor, the efficiencies of the WT, gear
system, electric generator and mechanical transmission
system [9-11].
Almost all the WECSs utilize the induction generator
[IG] as energy conversion device, because of its many
advantages over synchronous generators [12-14]. Various
voltage control schemes of WECS with IG are given in
literature. One of them using stator oriented field control
is discussed in [15]. The schemes used for maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) for WECSs are proposed in
[16-24]. The IG and the various schemes used for electric
power generation from the wind energy are described
below:
A. Induction Generator
Increasing power generation from WECSs and from
other renewable energy resources has made the use of IG
more and more popular [13], [25-28]. Accordingly their
technological development has also progressed. They are
designed according to applications and their suitability to
various types of schemes available. So many schemes
using IGs-single-phase and three-phase-used in grid
connected or in isolated systems are available in literature.
Several practical configurations of a grid tied single-phase
induction generator (SPIG) are given in [29]. The
modeling, excitation capacitance requirement, steady-state
and transient performance of SPIGs are explored in [30-
38]. The other types of IGs are self-excited induction
generator (SEIG) and doubly-fed induction generator
(DFIG) also called wound rotor induction generator
(WRIG) which are described in [39-42]. An overview of
3-phase SEIG is given in [12].The steady-state and
transient analysis and modeling of SEIGs are given in
[43-51]. The bibliography on the application of IG in
nonconventional energy systems is given [13]. The
generating schemes involving wind energy using the
above IGs are broadly c1assified as under:
B. Constant-Speed Constant-Frequency (CSCF)
In this scheme, the speed of the wind turbine rotor is
kept constant by adjusting the blade pitch and generator
[2]
characteristics [52]. The synchronous generators or IGs
are used which feed the generated power to the grid. But,
because of simple operation, easy control and low
maintenance cost, IGs are commonly preferred to use
instead of synchronous generators. They also have no
problem of synchronization. The IGs operate at a slip of
1-5% above the synchronous speed.
C. Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency (VSCF)
This scheme of WECSs yields higher output for both
high and low wind speeds [52-56]. In this scheme both
vertical as weH as horizontal axis WTs can be used. This
scheme is suitable to obtain constant frequency output from
a variable wind speed by using an AC-DC-AC link. The 3-
phase ac output is rectified by a high powered thyristor
controlIed bridge rectifier and then the dc output is again
converted in ac by a line commutated inverter. The
frequency is automatically controlIed by the grid [55, 57].
D. Double Output Induction Generator (DOIG)
In this scheme a WRIG is used, whose stator
terminals are connected to the power grid [58-72]. The
variable frequency output is fed to the grid through an ac
dc-ac link consisting of a combination of a full wave
bridge rectifier and a thyristor inverter. But the scheme
has some drawbacks like poor power factor, more
maintenance cost and low reliability, because of which the
scheme is not extensively used. Moreover it is not suitable
for isolated systems, because it requires grid supply for its
excitation.
E. Variablet-Speed Variable-Frequency (VSVF)
In this scheme, the SEIG is conveniently used.
Because of variable speed the output frequency is also
variable. So this scheme is suitable for resistive loads like
heating loads where frequency does not affect the load
[25-28].
III. SOLAR ENERGY
Photovoltaic (PV) cell also called solar cell converts
the solar energy received from the sun into the dc electric
power. When many PV cells-typically 36-are connected
in series, the combination is called a module. To increase
voltage magnitude and current supplying capacity for
larger solar plants, many PV modules are connected in
series and in parallel to form a PV array. The dc output is
converted into ac by using a suitable inverter.
The photovoltaic systems, like the WECSs, may be
grid-connected or stand-alone. For continuous power, the
solar energy plants are commonly designed with some
backup arrangement and in hybrid combination with any
other energy system-either conventional or
nonconventional. In literature, so many hybrid schemes
combining with solar energy are available. In [73] a
review of the current state of the simulation, optimization
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and control techniques for the stand-alone hybrid solar
wind energy systems with battery storage is given. In [74]
a comprehensive supervisor control for a hybrid system
that comprises wind and photovoltaic generation
subsystems with a battery backup and ac-load, is
developed. In [75] a hybrid energy system combining
variable speed WT, solar PV and a fuel cell to residential
power application is given. In this scheme wind and PV
cell are the main source of energy and fuel cells are used
as backup. The result shows that even sun and wind are
not there, the system is reliable and can supply high
quality of power to the load. The methods to determine
optimum generation capacity and storage needed for a
stand-alone wind, PV and hybrid windlPV systems for an
experimental site in a remote area in Montana with a
typical residential load are described in [76]. A description
to optimize the capacity sizes of different components of
hybrid solar-wind power generation system employing a
battery bank is given in [77]. A system having a
combination of PV, WT and battery storage via a common
dc bus is given in [78]. A low pass filter is used in the
system for power averaging. In the paper the power
control strategies of a grid connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer, is discussed. An
optimum design model is proposed in [79] for designing
hybrid solar-wind system employing battery banks for
calculating the system optimum configurations and
ensuring that the annual cost of the system is minimized.
Small signal stability analysis results of an autonomous
renewable energy power generation/energy storage system
connected to isolated loads using time domain simulation
is presented in [80]. The system includes 3 WTs, a diesel
generator, two fuel cells and a PV system. The energy
storage system consists of a battery energy storage system.
An economic evaluation of a hybrid system for a typical
horne in the Pacific Northwest is performed in [81]. 1t is a
hybrid system consisting of wind, PV and fuel cello Fuzzy
optimization based technique is proposed in [82] for solar
array control. An MPPT system for PV arrays, also based
on fuzzy control, is discussed in [83].
IV. GEOTHERMALENERGY
The thermal energy trapped beneath and within the
solid crust of the earth is known as the geothermal energy.
This energy exists in the form of steam, hot water and hot
or molten rock. It is naturally released in the form of
geysers, hot springs and volcanic eruptions.
Geothermal energy is inexhaustible, available
continuously all the year around at low cost as compared
to other renewable energies. It has very vast potential. Up
to 2010, 24 countries are generating power with a total
capacity of 10. 7 GW from this energy. However, 88% of
this is generated only in seven countries.
India has reasonably good potential for geothermal
energy. 10, 600 MW of power can be produced from this
energy, but experts say only for 100 MW. However, yet
[3]
no geothermal power projects have been exploited at all.
About 300 thermal springs are known to occur in India,
falling in Himalayan region as well as in Peninsular
region. Overall 31 areas have been examined in detail
and finally shallow drilling has been done in 16 areas
only [84].
In Western United States, 20 plants are providing
2200 MW of clean and reliable power from geothermal
energy. Currently identified resources could provide over
20, 000 MW of power in US and undiscovered resources
might provide 5 times of that amount [85]. The state of the
art in harnessing geothermal power in medium and large
scale generation of electricity is discussed in [86]. This
paper reviews current, probable, possible and potential
developments both in developed and developing countries
in near future and long term. The United States possesses
vast underground stores of heat whose full potential has
yet to be realized. The energy content of domestic
geothermal resources to a depth of 3 km is estimated to be
3 million quads, equivalent to 30, 000 years supply of
energy at the current rate of the US [87].
The salient features of various types of geothermal
energy resources which are potentially viable for
exploitation are discussed in [88].
In order to utilize geothermal energy for power
generation, about 2-3 km or more deep wells are drilled
into underground reservoirs to tap steam and very hot
water that drive the turbines and electric generators. Four
types of power plants operating today are named below:
A. Flashed Steam Plant
Extremely hot water from drill holes is released from
deep reservoirs at high pressure steam (flashed steam).
The heat is extracted from the hot dry rock.
B. Dry Steam Plant
In these plants usually the geysers are the main source
of dry steam.
C. Binary Power Plant
The binary process does not take steam from the
geothermal fluid direct1y to the turbine. By removing only
the heat from the brine, the binary process offers higher
utilization efficiencies.
D. Hybrid PowerPlant
The boiling water as well as steam are produced
which are used to drive turbines for power generation.
V. OCEAN ENERGY
Energy available from oceans is known as ocean
energy. The technologies for generating electric power
from the ocean include tidal power, wave power, ocean
thermal energy, ocean currents, ocean winds and salinity
gradients. Out of this six, the first three technologies are
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most developed. The tidal power requires large tidal
difference, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is
limited to tropical regions and wave energy has a more
general application.
India, having an extremely long cost-line, has suitable
oceanic conditions. India's potential for OTEC is
extensive [89]. Sea is a limitless source of power and is a
challenging environment, so in order to exploit wave
energy commercially a number of key components are
required. However, wave technology is one of the most
exciting areas of untapped energy potential. Right now,
there are very few ocean energy power plants and most are
fairly small. But the question is-how can we get the
energy from the ocean at competitive cost? Methods for
power generation from tidal, wave and OTEC along with
types of turbines are described in [90]. A very low power
was harvested in [91] by using graphite fiber-based
electrodes. The anode embedded in marine sediments and
cathode in proximal sea water. The ocean is a vast source
of potential energy resources. So, the investment in
developing the technology in ocean energy as the
renewable energy is likely to grow [92]. Research in
OTEC, wave energy and off-shore wave energy has led
promising technologies and in some cases commercial
development too. OTEC could supply power of the order
of a few terawatts [93]. There is a possibility to use 3-
phase permanent magnet linear generator to convert sea
wave into electric energy below 10 kW [94]. The tidal
energy and wave power with their status and resource
potential are discussed in [95].
VI. HYDRO POWER PLANT
In hydro power plants (HPP), the kinetic energy
tapped from flowing water or received from the falling
water from some height (calIed head), is used to rotate the
turbine and the generator to generate electric power. The
technology of HPPs is fully developed and has been
completely commercialized. The power generation from
hydro power is cheaper in cost as compared to other
renewable energies. Only difficuIty is the availability of
water at the place of generation. So these plants are
instalIed at a place where water is available.
Depending upon power generated, Central Electricity
Authority categorizes HPPs in three ways as given below:
• Micro (up to 100 kW),
• Mini (101 to 1000kW)
• Small (1001 to 6000kW).
On the basis of head, these plants are again classified
as: UItra Low Head (below 3 m), Low Head (between 3 to
30 m), Medium Head (between 30 to 75m) and High Head
(above 75 m). Many schemes are available for power
generation from hydro power [96, 97]. In hybrid
generation schemes, the hydro power is sometimes used
with other renewable energies-especially with wind
energy as a backup arrangement. [98]. Both types of
[4]
generators-synchronous or induction, can be used. But as
being more beneficial, the use of induction generator is
now preferred [12, 13]. The design of single-phase IG is
given in [99]. Analysis and design of electronic load
controller for SEIG is given in [100, 101].
Further, it is worthwhile to mention that except the
hydro power generation, in the field of all other renewable
energy systems, there is still continuous requirement of
research and development for further improving the
system performance, establishing techniques for accurate
output prediction, reliable integrating technologies for
hybrid combination of renewable energy resources
[73, 102].
VII. CONCLUSION
Today, the electric power generation from renewable
energy resources is growing very fast in every country of
the world either developing or developed. The paper
reviewed these energy sources along with the schemes,
which are utilized for electric power generation. The
development and the commercialization of the established
technologies, the present and future potential of
developing energy sourees, the power quality and the
power generation cost along with benefits and drawbacks
are also compared and discussed in the paper.
Despite the so many obvious benefits of power
generation from renewable energy systems, they all suffer
with many drawbacks. The major among them are the
discontinuity and variation in power, high generation cost,
complex-design of generation and control-schemes. So, in
order to meet the world-wide increasing demand of
renewable energy conversion systems, an urgent need of
some sustainable source or scheme for continuous and
constant power generation at low cost is deeply observed
in the paper.
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