Paley's analogy argues that design in the universe implies a designer, similar to how design in a watch implies an intelligent watchmaker. The document discusses criticisms and modifications of this analogy. It proposes that Paley's analogy could be strengthened by comparing an eye to a watch rather than the entire universe, since an eye's purpose is clearer. However, David Hume noted this revised analogy still may not prove the designer is perfect. The document explores counterarguments and suggests two types of valid criticism of the analogy - false premises or flawed logical form.