This document provides an overview of architecture, landscapes, and culture in Pakistan. It begins with a brief history of pre-Islamic architecture at sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Taxila. It then covers the rise of Islamic architecture under Mughal rule, including architectural styles, building types, influences, and features. Examples of architecture from all periods are given. The document also highlights diverse landscapes from around Pakistan, including K2, Deosai Plains, Hingol National Park, and Clifton Beach. It concludes with an exploration of Pakistani cultural values like hospitality and the importance of food in cultural life.

1. PAKISTAN
Architecture, Landscape, Culture
Omer Khan

2. PAKISTAN
MAP

3. PAKISTAN
ARCHITECTURE
PRE-ISLAMIC

4. ARCHITECTURE  PRE ISLAMIC
Mohenjo-daro - Larkana
Built around 2500 BC, it was one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the
civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, and Norte Chico.

5. ARCHITECTURE  PRE ISLAMIC
Taxila – UNESCO World Heritage Site (600 BC)
Taxila is a vast serial site that includes a Mesolithic cave and the archaeological remains of four
early settlement sites, Buddhist monasteries, and a Muslim mosque and madrassa.

6. ARCHITECTURE  PRE ISLAMIC
Darewar Fort – Bahawalpur
The fort was built by Hindu Rajput, Bhati of Jaisalmer. It remained in the hands of the Rajput Bhati royal
family of Jaisalmer until captured by the Nawabs of Bahawalpur in 1733

7. PAKISTAN
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

8. ARCHITECTURE
 Buildings
 Influences
 Characteristics
 Features

9. ARCHITECTURE
 Buildings
 Influences
 Characteristics
 Features

10. BUILDING TYPES
 Mosques
 Forts
 Palaces
 Tombs

11. ARCHITECTURE  MUGHAL RULE
Shah Jehan Mosque – Thatta
Built in 1647, during the reign of Mughal King Shah Jahan, as a gift to the people of Sindh for their
hospitality.

12. ARCHITECTURE  EXAMPLES FORT
Lahore Fort
The existing base structure was built during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar between 1556–1605 and
was regularly upgraded by subsequent Mughal, Sikh and British rulers.

13. ARCHITECTURE  PRE MUGHAL
Shah Rukn-e-Alam Tomb – Multan
Built between 1320 - 1324 AD, the tomb is said to have built by Ghias-ud-Din Tughlak during his governorship
of Depalpur

14. ARCHITECTURE
 Buildings
 Influences
 Characteristics
 Features

15. INFLUENCES
 Religion
 Pre-Islamic Architectures
 Regional Influences

16. ARCHITECTURE
 Buildings
 Influences
 Characteristics
 Features

17. CHARACTERISTS
 Mosaic
 Geometrical Shapes
 Calligraphy
 Arabesque

18. ARCHITECTURE  MOSAIC
Lahore Fort – Shish Mehal
The ‘Palace of Mirrors’ consists of a spacious hall with several halls behind. There is a marble perforated
screen in the rear chamber which is carved of tendril, floral and geometrical patterns.

19. ARCHITECTURE  EXAMPLE
ISLAMIC GEOMETRIC PATTERNS

20. CALLIGRAPHY
CALLIGRAPHY
Few examples of Calligraphy from Mughal era as well as some contemporary designs

21. ARCHITECTURE  MUGHAL RULE
Interior Designs – Arabesque

22. POTTERY  MUGHAL RULE
Pottery Designs
Pottery Designs from Mughal era

23. ARCHITECTURE
 Buildings
 Influences
 Characteristics
 Features

24. Features
 Arch
 Dome
 Iwan
 Sehan (Courtyard)

25. Features
 Arch
 Dome
 Iwan
 Sehan (Courtyard)

26. Features
 Arch
 Dome
 Iwan
 Sehan (Courtyard)

27. Features
 Arch
 Dome
 Iwan
 Sehan
(Courtyard)

28. PAKISTAN
ARCHITECTURE
PRESENT DAY PAKISTAN

29. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Minar-e-Pakistan – Lahore
The tower was constructed in 1960s on the site where where the All-India Muslim League passed the Lahore
Resolution, the first official call for a separate homeland for the Muslims living in the South Asia.

30. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Faisal Mosque – Islamabad
Built in 1986 in Islamabad. It is the largest mosque in Pakistan. The mosque's unusual design is a departure
from the long history of South Asian Islamic architecture. It can accommodate 10,000 worshipers in its main
prayer hall, 24,000 in its porticoes, 40,000 in its courtyard, and another 200,000 in its adjoining grounds.

31. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Pakistan Monument – Islamabad
The Pakistan Monument in Islamabad, Pakistan, is a national monument representing the nation's four
provinces and three territories.

32. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Grand Jamia Masjid – Lahore
It is the third largest mosque in Pakistan inaugurated on Eid-ul-Adha on 6 October 2014. The architecture is
influenced by Badshahi Masjid, Wazir Khan Mosque and Sheikh Zayed Mosque.

33. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Centaurus Mall - Islamabad

34. ARCHITECTURE  CONTEMPORARY
Dockside - Karachi

35. PAKISTAN
LANDSCAPES FROM AROUND THE
COUNTRY

36. LANDSCAPE  NORTH
K2
Second highest mountain in the world at 8,611 metres.K2 is known as the Savage Mountain due to the extreme
difficulty of ascent and the second-highest fatality rate among the eight thousanders.

37. BURGE LA – DEOSAI PLAINS
Deosai Plateau is the second highest plateau in the world. It is well known for its rich flora and fauna.
14,000 ft above sea level & 3,000 square kms
LANDSCAPE  NORTH

38. Silk Road – is now Karokaram Highway
Often referred to as the Eight wonder of the world, is the 1,300 kms of highway that connects Pakistan to
China. It is also one of the world’s most paved roads.

39. LANDSCAPE  BALOCHISTAN
HINGOL NATIONAL PARK
Hingol National Park covers an area of 1,650 square kilometres (640 sq mi) and is the largest National Park in
Pakistan. It was established in 1988.

40. LANDSCAPE  BALOCHISTAN
MUD VOLCANO – HINGOL NATIONAL PARK
Hingol National Park covers an area of 1,650 square kilometres (640 sq mi) and is the largest National Park in
Pakistan. It was established in 1988.

41. LANDSCAPE  SINDH
CLIFTON BEACH – KARACHI

42. LANDSCAPE  SINDH
CHATTAN SHAH JI TAKRI – SINDH
Intriguing ancient rock in interior Sindh. There is also a Hindu temple built on top that is regarded as
one of the holiest temples by the Hindu community.

43. PAKISTAN
PEOPLE & CULTURE

44. PEOPLE
CULTURAL VALUES
KHUDI – SELF CONSCIOUS
HOSPITALITY
STRONG FAMILY UNITS

45. CULTURE HOSPITALITY
Stories from Travelers

46. CULTURE FOOD
FOOD STREETS
In Pakistan, a food street is a street that has been designated for eating out. The food street is lined with
food stalls, restaurants, and other food shops, and are typically pedestrianized.

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