1) The document discusses the major problems facing Pakistan's agricultural sector, including limited cultivated land, low crop yields, lack of rural infrastructure and facilities, uneconomic land holdings, outdated farming methods, and lack of research centers. 2) It provides recommendations to address these issues, such as increasing access to agricultural credit, improving water management to reduce waterlogging and salinity, constructing dams, increasing access to high-yielding seeds, boosting mechanization, strengthening agricultural research, and providing training to farmers. 3) Overall, the document argues that Pakistan's agriculture is backward due to a lack of modern techniques, infrastructure, and research, and that addressing these challenges is key to developing the sector.

2. Presented By: Zil Aftab
BS Computer Science
Session 2020-2024
Roll No.0055-BSCS-2020

3. Agricultural Problems
We will Discuss it in following Steps:
1) OVERVIEW:
• Economy of Pakistan GDP 23%
• 60% population
• 40% employments
• But a lot of problems are there

4. Agricultural Problems
2) Limited Cultivated Area:
• Total area of Pakistan 79.6 million acre
• 23.5% under use
• About 8-9 million area is un cultivated

5. Agricultural Problems
3) LOW YEILD:
• Low per acre yield in major crops
• Like wheat, rice and cotton
• Other countries get more because of skillful labor and use of technology

6. Agricultural Problems
4) Lack of Facilities:
• Rural infrastructure is not good Lack of education
• Lack of transport Improper storage
• Poor road structure
• Far away markets availability

7. Agricultural Problems
5) Uneconomic Land Holding:
• Increase in population
• Division of land by law of inheritance
• Further sub-divisions
• Many numbers of farmers have less than 2 hectare land
• Uneconomical - use of machinery

8. Agricultural Problems
6) Old Methods of farming:
• Traditional methods
• Old implements
• Low yield
• But now, modern methods are taking place
• Traditional methods cannot compete with modern one

9. Agricultural Problems
7) Small Numbers Of Research Centers :
• In agricultural sector poor research
• Limited research centers
• Unavailability of recourses
• Unavailability of seeds
• No funds for research centers

10. Agricultural Problems
7) Market prices of Agri. Goods :
• Instable prices in our country
• Cobweb theorem:
According to this theorem the price of one commodities is very high in one
year and much lower in next year and vice versa. Farmers get nothing.

11. Agricultural Problems
8) Farmers Poor conditions:
• Financial crises of farmers
• No money available for investment
• Bank debts
• Do not get much prize from crops
• Far away from markets

12. Agricultural Problems
8) Crop Intensity :
• Crop intensity is lower
• The number of crops grown on piece of land is known as crop intensity
• Low crop intensity than developed countries

13. Agricultrul Problems
9) Land Tenure System :
• Common law system in which land is owned by an individual
• Land lords buy fertile piece of land
• Poor farmers get nothing with hard work
• Low yield on defective land part

14. Agricultural Problems
10) Waterlogging and Salinity:
• It causes when water-table is above 1.5 meter
• Salts on surface
• Stagnant water
• Low plant growth
• 0.1 million acre land is affected

15. Agricultural Problems
11) Poor Irrigation System:
• No proper canals, dams and barrages
• Drought may happen
• Water storage because of more rainfall
• Steeling of water from canals
• No proper division of water

16. Agricultrul Problems
11) Low Quality Chemicals:
• Low quality fertilizers
• Poor quality pesticides and other chemicals
• Less availability of fertilizers to small farmers

17. Agricultural Problems
12) Unavailability of Funds:
• Government is very poor
• Have not money to spend on agriculture
• Farmers are not financially strong
• IMPROPER LOAN SYATEM

18. Agricultural Problems
13) Improper Crop Rotation:
• No crop rotation is done
• No fertility is maintained
• No nutrients enrich soil is maintained
• Continuous cultivation damage the soil

19. Agricultural Problems
14) Unavailability of Seeds:
• Lack of seed industries
• Lack of seed pr;oduction
• Improper seed quality
• Large money is spend on that industry

20. Agricultural Problems
15) No Breeder’s Attestation:
• No breeders and hybrid verities are at testified
• No proper department
• Lack of funding
• Lack of government’s attention

21. Agricultural Problems
16) Political Instability:
• Not stable political situations
• Farmers are restricted to sell crops as raw materials
• Due to political unrest, no investments by people

22. Agricultural Problems
17) Other Problems:
• Various plant diseases
• Natural calamities
• Scarcity of (HYV) Seeds
• Underutilization of land

23. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
Following measures are suggested to improve the Agriculture:
1) Supply of Agriculture Credit:
• Poor farmers cannot afford the expensive technology from their own resources in
Pakistan. So, supply of agriculture credit at easy terms and conditions is very
necessary.
• An amount of Rs. 85,177 million is disbursed by commercial banks in 2009 and Rs.
49 billion was distributed by ZTBL. ZTBL issued credit or Rs. 37.4 billions during
2010-11.

24. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
2) Water Logging and Salinity Control:
• It destroys about one million acre of land every year in Punjab and Sindh. It reduces
our cultivable area. For this purpose, installation of tube wells, repair of canal banks
and drainage of water etc. are needed.
• The Ministry of Agriculture proposed to invest Rs. 18.5 billion with the objective of
converting 2,00,000 acres of irrigated land to drip and shower irrigation system.

25. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
3) Construction of Dames Sometimes:
• Construction of Dames Sometimes due to heavy unwanted rains and floods
agricultural productivities destroys.
• To tackle this problem it is necessary to construct dames and bands on rivers.

26. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
4) Provision of HYV Seed High:
• Provision of HYV Seed High yielding variety seed is not available at suitable price
in Pakistan. So, farmers have to depend upon low quality of seeds that causes 20%
reduction in total production.
• Government should provide HYV seed at minimum price in this case.

27. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
5) Mechanization Farm :
• Mechanization is necessary to remove the problems to agriculture
sector.
• Sowing, cultivation and harvesting of crops through agricultural
machines increase the productive quality and quantity.

28. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
6) Agricultural Research:
• Agricultural research is compulsory to remove the backwardness of agriculture
sector.
• Major agricultural colleges and universities are only about 16 in Pakistan.
• Government should increase the research work in the field of agriculture.

29. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
7) Agro-based Industries:
• Agro-based industries like poultry, fisheries, dairy and livestock should establish.
• These industries indirectly lead to improve the agricultural sector.

30. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
8) Tax Concessions Mechanization
• It is necessary to remove the problems of agriculture sector. Government should
give tax concession on imports of agricultural technologies to enhance the process of
farm mechanization.

31. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
9) Training of Farmers:
• Our farmers are illiterate and ill trained so, their efficiencies are poor.
• Government should start special education programmed for farmers and give them
training about farming.

32. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
10) Prices of Agricultural:
• Productivities Sometimes, our farmers receive low prices of their crops. There is no
proper effective price policy of government.
• Government should set reasonable prices of agricultural productions to develop the
living standard of farmers.

33. Remedies Of Agricultural Problems
Conclusion:
• Being an agrarian country, agricultural sector of Pakistan’s economy is still
backward.
• Use of modern techniques, provision of credit facilities, basic infrastructure and
agriculture research facilities are needed to remove all the problems of agriculture
sector.