1. México
• The most populous Spanish speaking
country
• There are places in Mexico where people
speak more than 30 languages
• Mexico’s capital (Mexico, D.F.) is one of
the largest cities in the world.
• Currency: Peso
• President: Enrique Peña Nieto

2. CUBA
• Capital; La Habana
• Dictador: Raúl Castro
• Moneda: el peso cubano
• the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of
the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the
white bands describe the purity of the
independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes
liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red
color stands for the blood shed in the
independence struggle; the white star, called La
Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to
freedom and was taken from the flag of Texas

3. La Republica Dominicana
• Capital: Santo Domingo
• Presidente: Danilo Medina Sanchez
• Moneda: Peso
• In the 1950’s and 60’s the Dictator Trujillo ruled the
Dominican Republic. On November 25 Trujillo had the
Miribal sisters killed because they were leading a
revolution. This day is now known to be International
Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.
• blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for
the blood of heroes

4. Puerto Rico
• Capital: San Juan
• Presidente: Barack Obama
• Moneda: USD
• Puerto Rico is an unincorporated
territory of the United States
• the white star symbolizes Puerto
Rico; the three sides of the
triangle signify the executive,
legislative and judicial parts of
the government; blue stands for
the sky and the coastal waters;
red symbolizes the blood shed
by warriors, while white
represents liberty, victory, and
peace

5. Guatemala
• Capital: Guatemala
• President: Otto Fernando Perez Molina
• Guatemala is the most populous country in
Central America
• the blue bands stand for the Pacific Ocean and
the Caribbean Sea and the sea and sky; the
white band denotes peace and purity
• the coat of arms includes a green and red
quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty
and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15
DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of
independence from Spain) all superimposed on
a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's
willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed
swords representing honor and framed by a
laurel wreath symbolizing victory

6. El Salvador
• Capital: San Salvador
• Presidente: Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena
• Moneda: US Dollar
• El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in
1821 and from the Central American Federation
in 1839.
• the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and
the Caribbean Sea, while the white band
represents the land between the two bodies of
water, as well as peace and prosperity

7. Honduras
• Capital: Tegucigalpa
• President: Porfirio Lobo Sosa
• Currency: Honduran lempira
• the stars represent the members of the former
Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and
Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific
Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band
represents the land between the two bodies of
water and the peace and prosperity of its people

8. Nicaragua
• Capital: Managua
• Presidente: José Daniel Ortega Saavedra
• Moneda: Córdoba
• the banner is based on the former blue-white-
blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central
America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific
Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white
band represents the land between the two
bodies of water

9. Costa Rica
• Capital: San José
• Presidente: Laura Chinchilla Miranda
• Moneda: Colón
• Pura Vida is one of the main sayings in Costa Rica, it
means litterally pure life, but is used like ‘great life’
• today the blue color is said to stand for the sky,
opportunity, and perseverance, white denotes
peace, happiness, and wisdom, while red
represents the blood shed for freedom, as well as
the generosity and vibrancy of the people

10. Panamá
• Capital: Panamá
• Presidente: Ricardo Martinelli Berrocal
• Moneda: Balboa, U.S. Dollar
• The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of
Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an
agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the
Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century
• the blue and red colors are those of the main political
parties (Conservatives and Liberals respectively) and
the white denotes peace between them; the blue star
stands for the civic virtues of purity and honesty, the
red star signifies authority and law

11. Venezuela
• Capital: caracas
• Presidente: Nicolás Maduro Moros
• Moneda: Bolívar Fuerte
• yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches
of the land, blue for the courage of its people,
and red for the blood shed in attaining
independence; the seven stars on the original
flag represented the seven provinces in
Venezuela that united in the war of
independence

12. Colombia
• Capital: Bogotá
• Presidente: Juan Manuel Santos Calderon
• Moneda: Peso
• Colombia was one of the three countries that
emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in
1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela).
• yellow for the gold in Colombia's land, blue for the seas
on its shores, and red for the blood spilled in attaining
freedom

13. • Capital: Quito
• Presidente: Rafael Correa Delgado
• Moneda: U.S. Dollar
• Because of its location at the equator, Ecuador
experiences little variation in daylight hours
during the course of a year. Both sunrise and
sunset occur each day at the two six o'clock hours
• the yellow color represents sunshine, grain, and
mineral wealth, blue the sky, sea, and rivers, and
red the blood of patriots spilled in the struggle
for freedom and justice
Ecuador

14. • Capital: Lima
• Presidente: Ollanta Humala Tasso
• Moneda: Nuevo Sol
• Machu Picchu is considered by some to be
one of the 7 wonders of the world
• Machu Picchu was built around 1450, at the
height of the Inca Empire. It was abandoned
just over 100 years later, in 1572, as a belated
result of the Spanish Conquest.
• The red recalls blood shed for independence,
white symbolizes peace
Peru

15. Bolivia
• La capital: La Paz/Sucre
• El presidente: Juan Evo Morales Ayma
• La moneda: Boliviano
• The weather in Bolivia can vary drastically from
one climatic zone to another. The summer
months in Bolivia are November through March.
The weather is typically warmer and wetter
during these months. April through October, the
winter months, are typically colder and drier.
• red stands for bravery and the blood of national
heroes, yellow for the nation's mineral resources,
and green for the fertility of the land

16. Paraguay
• Capital: Asunción
• Presidente: Luis Federico Franco Gomez
• Moneda: Guaraní
• The music of Paraguay, which consists of lilting
polkas, bouncy galopas, and languid guaranías is
played on the native harp.
• red symbolizes bravery and patriotism, white
represents integrity and peace, and blue denotes
liberty and generosity

17. Uruguay
• Capital: Montevideo
• Presidente: José ‘Pepe’ Mujica Cordano
• Moneda: Uruguayan Peso
• the stripes represent the nine original departments of
Uruguay; the sun symbol evokes the legend of the sun
breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as
independence was first declared from Spain

18. Chile
• Capital: Santiago
• Presidente: Sebastián Piñera Echenique
• Moneda: Peso
• Chile's most famous poet, however, is Pablo Neruda,
who also won the Nobel Prize for Literature (1971) and
is world-renowned for his extensive library of works on
romance, nature, and politics.
• the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center
representing a guide to progress and honor; blue
symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered
Andes, and red represents the blood spilled to achieve
independence

19. Argentina
• Capital: Buenos Aires
• Presidente: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
• Moneda: Peso
• Tango, the music and lyrics (often sung in a
form of slang called lunfardo), is Argentina's
musical symbol.
• the colors represent the clear skies and snow
of the Andes; the sun symbol commemorates
the appearance of the sun through cloudy
skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass
demonstration in favor of independence

20. España
• La capital: Madrid
• El Rey: Juan Carlos
• La moneda: Euro
• The most well known artist from Spain is
Pablo Picasso.
• the red and yellow colors are related to those
of the oldest Spanish kingdoms: Aragon,
Castile, Leon, and Navarre