The findings of the "Paddock to Plate" project commissioned by the Australian Conservation Foundation looking at the future of the Victorian food system.
Mountains provide water for over 1 billion people downstream but climate change threatens this supply. Glaciers are retreating in most areas except the Karakorum and changes in timing and amounts of runoff increase risks of floods and droughts. Meeting future food, energy, and development needs while minimizing additional water use will require improved management including reducing vulnerabilities, finding solutions across sectors, better landscape and watershed practices, valuing mountain ecosystems, addressing data gaps, and prioritizing mountains globally.
Farming smarter, not harder—presentation for launchAbi Smith
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for the global agricultural economy given rising food prices and constraints on resources like land and water. It notes that productivity growth is slowing while demand continues to grow, putting pressure on food prices. Countries that can farm with less fossil fuel intensity and more reliable production may benefit. The document also summarizes challenges facing Australian agriculture, including slowing productivity growth and increased land exposure to extreme heat. It argues that improving soil health through practices like no-tillage cropping and maintaining pasture can boost yields and farm profits. Further innovation is needed to adapt farming to climate change and match practices to local conditions to increase productivity. Investment in natural capital and knowledge sharing across landscapes can maintain healthy soils and land over the long term
Soil Conservation and Strategy for Agriculture, Fatme Beydoun, LebanonFAO
This document provides information about soils in Lebanon. It discusses Lebanon's climate and geography which impact soil formation. The climate varies from hot/dry summers to cool/rainy winters. Soil issues include reduction of agricultural land, desertification from climate change and reduced rainfall, lack of water management, and contamination from overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. Lebanon imports 73% of its plant production and 27% of animal production. Sensitive areas for land degradation have been identified. Stakeholders need to raise awareness, promote conservation techniques, control erosion, and develop national action plans to address desertification and protect soils for future generations.
“Public officers are the servants and agents of the people, to execute laws which the people have made and within the limits of a constitution which they have established.”
- Grover Cleveland
“Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people.”
- Henry Clay
“Freedom is the right to be wrong, not the right to do wrong.”
- John G Diefenbaker
Soil erosion has significant on-site and off-site impacts. On-site, it causes (1) losses of water, fertilizers, and pesticides for farmers, reducing immediate production by 2-50% and long-term productivity over time; (2) loss of arable land at rates up to 10 million hectares per year globally. Off-site, soil erosion (1) deteriorates water quality through pollution, silting, and higher drinking water costs, (2) causes flooding through mud flows and damaged infrastructure, and (3) increases peak river flows that can destroy bridges and structures.
Earth's natural resources provide essential benefits but are being overexploited and degraded. Renewable resources like forests and fisheries are declining due to deforestation and overharvesting. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are being consumed much faster than replaced. Developed countries use far more resources per capita than developing nations. Unsustainable practices are leading to problems like soil erosion, desertification, and increased flooding that harm ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. Conservation efforts aim to promote sustainable agriculture and resource use to preserve resources for future generations.
The Global Soil Partnership was launched in 2011 by FAO to improve global governance of soil resources and ensure healthy productive soils. Its vision is to guarantee soils support food security and ecosystem services amid increasing human demands. Key challenges include soil degradation and low awareness/investment. The partnership's pillars of action center on sustainable management, investment, research, data sharing, and guidelines. Regional partnerships in Asia, MENA, and Latin America are establishing networks and priorities. The partnership aims to place soils at the forefront of sustainable development discussions through events like the World Soil Day and Global Soil Week.
Mountains provide water for over 1 billion people downstream but climate change threatens this supply. Glaciers are retreating in most areas except the Karakorum and changes in timing and amounts of runoff increase risks of floods and droughts. Meeting future food, energy, and development needs while minimizing additional water use will require improved management including reducing vulnerabilities, finding solutions across sectors, better landscape and watershed practices, valuing mountain ecosystems, addressing data gaps, and prioritizing mountains globally.
Farming smarter, not harder—presentation for launchAbi Smith
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for the global agricultural economy given rising food prices and constraints on resources like land and water. It notes that productivity growth is slowing while demand continues to grow, putting pressure on food prices. Countries that can farm with less fossil fuel intensity and more reliable production may benefit. The document also summarizes challenges facing Australian agriculture, including slowing productivity growth and increased land exposure to extreme heat. It argues that improving soil health through practices like no-tillage cropping and maintaining pasture can boost yields and farm profits. Further innovation is needed to adapt farming to climate change and match practices to local conditions to increase productivity. Investment in natural capital and knowledge sharing across landscapes can maintain healthy soils and land over the long term
Soil Conservation and Strategy for Agriculture, Fatme Beydoun, LebanonFAO
This document provides information about soils in Lebanon. It discusses Lebanon's climate and geography which impact soil formation. The climate varies from hot/dry summers to cool/rainy winters. Soil issues include reduction of agricultural land, desertification from climate change and reduced rainfall, lack of water management, and contamination from overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. Lebanon imports 73% of its plant production and 27% of animal production. Sensitive areas for land degradation have been identified. Stakeholders need to raise awareness, promote conservation techniques, control erosion, and develop national action plans to address desertification and protect soils for future generations.
“Public officers are the servants and agents of the people, to execute laws which the people have made and within the limits of a constitution which they have established.”
- Grover Cleveland
“Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people.”
- Henry Clay
“Freedom is the right to be wrong, not the right to do wrong.”
- John G Diefenbaker
Soil erosion has significant on-site and off-site impacts. On-site, it causes (1) losses of water, fertilizers, and pesticides for farmers, reducing immediate production by 2-50% and long-term productivity over time; (2) loss of arable land at rates up to 10 million hectares per year globally. Off-site, soil erosion (1) deteriorates water quality through pollution, silting, and higher drinking water costs, (2) causes flooding through mud flows and damaged infrastructure, and (3) increases peak river flows that can destroy bridges and structures.
Earth's natural resources provide essential benefits but are being overexploited and degraded. Renewable resources like forests and fisheries are declining due to deforestation and overharvesting. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are being consumed much faster than replaced. Developed countries use far more resources per capita than developing nations. Unsustainable practices are leading to problems like soil erosion, desertification, and increased flooding that harm ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. Conservation efforts aim to promote sustainable agriculture and resource use to preserve resources for future generations.
The Global Soil Partnership was launched in 2011 by FAO to improve global governance of soil resources and ensure healthy productive soils. Its vision is to guarantee soils support food security and ecosystem services amid increasing human demands. Key challenges include soil degradation and low awareness/investment. The partnership's pillars of action center on sustainable management, investment, research, data sharing, and guidelines. Regional partnerships in Asia, MENA, and Latin America are establishing networks and priorities. The partnership aims to place soils at the forefront of sustainable development discussions through events like the World Soil Day and Global Soil Week.
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for soil health and resilience. It summarizes several studies that found soil carbon levels were higher in rotations that included perennial forages. An example 3-year crop rotation of winter wheat over-seeded with red clover, soybeans, and corn is provided. Benefits of red clover for soils are outlined, such as increasing microbial activity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. Maintaining SOM through practices like cover crops and maintaining crop residues is important for sustaining soil productivity.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture according to recent research. It finds that climate change will negatively affect agriculture through higher temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased variability and extreme weather events. This will likely reduce rainfed maize and rice yields significantly by 2050 according to models. Adaptation is essential through investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and policies to promote resilience. Agriculture also needs to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through practices like improved rice cultivation, cropland management, and reforestation.
Impact of river sand mining on environment by Dulanjali M. Wijethilakedulanjali1014
The document discusses the environmental impacts of river sand mining. It finds that sand mining can have long-lasting physical impacts by degrading river channels over decades of extraction. This destroys aquatic and riparian habitats through changes in channel morphology. Specifically, it leads to increased sediment loads and turbidity, along with altering ecologically important features in the river bed. Sand mining also modifies riparian zones and lowers groundwater levels. In Sri Lanka, unregulated sand mining has severely impacted several major rivers like Kalu Ganga and Kelani Ganga. The document calls for limiting mining to floodplains and following guidelines to reduce environmental damage.
Kielder Reservoir was constructed in Northumberland, England to provide a sustainable water supply for the northeast of England. It has physical advantages as the location has high annual rainfall over 1000mm, impermeable geology, and a sparsely populated valley. The reservoir also provides human advantages through water supply to nearby dense populations, as well as opportunities for flood control, hydroelectric power, tourism, recreation, and employment. However, it also resulted in environmental and social costs such as submerging a beautiful valley and displacing local communities.
Sand mining is the practice that is used to extract sand.Sand is mined from beaches,ocean beds and river beds.It is used in manufacturing cement,construction purpose etc.
[Mekong ARCC] Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agri...Mekong ARCC
Mekong ARCC presented in Hanoi, Vietnam at the 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands, FAO, and The World Bank. The presentation, entitled "Climate Impacts in the Lower Mekong: Implications for the Private Sector," was given as part of the larger session on the Role of the Private Sector in Climate Smart Agriculture. Utilizing data collected for the Mekong ARCC's Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study, the presentation showed how changes in temperature and rainfall by 2030 will push the boundaries of crops climate tolerance and land suitability in the transboundary Sesan River basin for key agricultural inputs such as cassava, coffee, rice and rubber. These climate shifts will have significant impacts on the ability of natural resource and commodity dependant companies to meet production targets. The presentation broadly demonstrated that the projections the Mekong ARCC Climate Study is generating can be critical inputs for private sector strategic planning and future regional investments. Conference organizers intend to link the results from the workshop to a variety of international processes, in particular to the Rio +20 follow-up process and partnerships, the work of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), as well as the ongoing climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC.
Sand mining can be done through open pits, dredging river beds, or beaches. It is used to extract sand for construction and manufacturing, as well as minerals like titanium. However, sand mining risks damaging habitat, altering river flows, and increasing turbidity. It can degrade instream and riparian environments by removing vegetation, disturbing river beds and banks, and lowering water tables. Proper siting and monitoring of mining is needed to reduce environmental impacts.
This presentation asks the question if Dr. Albrecht premise that a balanced soil was best. A portion of this presentation gives the results of a study that was conducted to determine if Dr. Albrecht was correct by breaking down his recommendations. The remaining part shows what might be happening as a result to soil health.
International journal of science technologyMiftahur Rizqi
Sand is an important mineral for our society in protecting the
environment, where this practice of sand and soil mining is becoming an
environmental issue as the demand for sand increases in industry and construction.
Mining and its associated activities can be responsible for considerable
environmental damage. In this article we are discussing about the direct and indirect
impacts due to soil and sand mining to the environment in Indian regions. Pollution
of the water is evident by the colouration of water which in most of the rivers and
streams in the mining area varies from brownish to reddish orange. Low pH (between 2-
3), high electrical conductivity, high concentration of ions of sulphate and iron and toxic
heavy metals, low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high BOD are some of the physicochemical
and biological parameters which characterize the degradation of water quality.
Contamination of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) originating from mines and spoils,
leaching of heavy metals, organic enrichment and silting by sand particles are major
causes of degradation of water quality.
Effects of freshwater restoration on carbon cycling in wetlands with salt and...DongYoonLee8
Preliminary summary for wetland restoration project. Short-term (~1 year) freshwater restoration lowered salinity and phosphorus (P) concentrations in porewater of the saltwater and saltwater+P treatments. Legacy effects of salt and P remained and continued to stimulate aboveground marsh growth. The enhanced marsh growth was likely caused by rapid recycling of nutrients stored in sawgrass litter. Net ecosystem metabolism is used a proxy for ecosystem balance and suggests that saltwater intrusion in Florida Everglades can disrupt carbon cycling. Everglades wetland will be more vulnerable to sea-level rise due to accelerated soil carbon loss.
What sorts of knowledge and learning systems do we need to best deal with the climate change challenge? Presented to ACT KM national conference, Canberra 2008.
How to restore wildlife habitats on a large scale in rural landscapes against a background of climate change. The Norman Wettenhall Foundation Annual Public Lecture, Museum Melbourne, November 2008.
Science & Policy For Managing Australian Landscapes Nceas Santa Barbara Sept 07Charles Darwin University
An overview of Australian developments in science and policy for environmental management. Presented to the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara, September 2007.
This document discusses opportunities for improving Victoria's food and farming system in the face of climate change and other challenges. It notes that Victoria's food and farming sector is a major industry but faces issues like water scarcity. Opportunities include new alliances across sectors, integrated farming of food and energy, and planning approaches that build resilience. Peri-urban areas will be impacted and may see a new paradigm integrating food production, private space, and public goals around resources and amenities.
Australia has an important role to play in improving food security in the region through exporting agricultural knowledge and expertise, rather than bulk commodities. This involves smarter food system planning, research and development, extension and education to develop more sustainable and resilient food production systems. Key challenges include increasing water and energy productivity, adapting to climate change, developing alternative energy sources, and ensuring food production does not compromise other important landscape values like biodiversity and soil health.
This document discusses the challenges facing agriculture and natural resource management in Australia. It notes that food, water, land and energy resources are interconnected and climate change intensifies these interactions. It argues that conventional approaches are risky and that smarter planning, research, extension and education are urgently needed to increase sustainable production. These issues require solutions that cut across sectors and scales, and a rethinking of the agricultural innovation system is needed to better address these profound challenges.
This document discusses emerging carbon economies and savanna fire abatement projects in northern Australia. It describes the landscape and cultural heritage of northern Australia and significant development pressures. It highlights several existing projects that aim to shift fire regimes at large scales, reintroduce traditional burning practices, and accurately measure greenhouse gas emissions from savanna fires. These projects establish partnerships between Indigenous groups, government organizations, and private funders. They have helped reduce emissions and shift the timing of fires compared to baseline periods. The document advocates for policies and an industry structure that promotes Indigenous involvement and benefits from carbon projects on their lands.
- Catchment Management Authorities (CMAs) could become involved in carbon markets through various options like doing nothing, acting as a quality assurer, facilitator, or direct market player.
- Carbon trading and biosequestration schemes offer opportunities for CMAs to generate revenue and promote land management goals, but also carry risks from financial exposure and technical challenges.
- As the national carbon market develops, CMAs should focus on influencing policy design, improving carbon accounting rigor, and potentially partnering to market "charismatic" environmental plantings in the voluntary market.
Boundary organizations like Land & Water Australia are inherently vulnerable due to tensions at the science-policy interface. LWA aimed to provide leadership in sustainable natural resource management through knowledge generation and informing debate. However, it struggled with the complex, long-term challenges of NRM issues that span disciplines and sectors. Lessons from LWA's demise include the need for boundary organizations to be agile, far-sighted brokers that can navigate the politics of science and policy.
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for soil health and resilience. It summarizes several studies that found soil carbon levels were higher in rotations that included perennial forages. An example 3-year crop rotation of winter wheat over-seeded with red clover, soybeans, and corn is provided. Benefits of red clover for soils are outlined, such as increasing microbial activity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. Maintaining SOM through practices like cover crops and maintaining crop residues is important for sustaining soil productivity.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture according to recent research. It finds that climate change will negatively affect agriculture through higher temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased variability and extreme weather events. This will likely reduce rainfed maize and rice yields significantly by 2050 according to models. Adaptation is essential through investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and policies to promote resilience. Agriculture also needs to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through practices like improved rice cultivation, cropland management, and reforestation.
Impact of river sand mining on environment by Dulanjali M. Wijethilakedulanjali1014
The document discusses the environmental impacts of river sand mining. It finds that sand mining can have long-lasting physical impacts by degrading river channels over decades of extraction. This destroys aquatic and riparian habitats through changes in channel morphology. Specifically, it leads to increased sediment loads and turbidity, along with altering ecologically important features in the river bed. Sand mining also modifies riparian zones and lowers groundwater levels. In Sri Lanka, unregulated sand mining has severely impacted several major rivers like Kalu Ganga and Kelani Ganga. The document calls for limiting mining to floodplains and following guidelines to reduce environmental damage.
Kielder Reservoir was constructed in Northumberland, England to provide a sustainable water supply for the northeast of England. It has physical advantages as the location has high annual rainfall over 1000mm, impermeable geology, and a sparsely populated valley. The reservoir also provides human advantages through water supply to nearby dense populations, as well as opportunities for flood control, hydroelectric power, tourism, recreation, and employment. However, it also resulted in environmental and social costs such as submerging a beautiful valley and displacing local communities.
Sand mining is the practice that is used to extract sand.Sand is mined from beaches,ocean beds and river beds.It is used in manufacturing cement,construction purpose etc.
[Mekong ARCC] Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for Natural and Agri...Mekong ARCC
Mekong ARCC presented in Hanoi, Vietnam at the 2nd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands, FAO, and The World Bank. The presentation, entitled "Climate Impacts in the Lower Mekong: Implications for the Private Sector," was given as part of the larger session on the Role of the Private Sector in Climate Smart Agriculture. Utilizing data collected for the Mekong ARCC's Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study, the presentation showed how changes in temperature and rainfall by 2030 will push the boundaries of crops climate tolerance and land suitability in the transboundary Sesan River basin for key agricultural inputs such as cassava, coffee, rice and rubber. These climate shifts will have significant impacts on the ability of natural resource and commodity dependant companies to meet production targets. The presentation broadly demonstrated that the projections the Mekong ARCC Climate Study is generating can be critical inputs for private sector strategic planning and future regional investments. Conference organizers intend to link the results from the workshop to a variety of international processes, in particular to the Rio +20 follow-up process and partnerships, the work of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), as well as the ongoing climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC.
Sand mining can be done through open pits, dredging river beds, or beaches. It is used to extract sand for construction and manufacturing, as well as minerals like titanium. However, sand mining risks damaging habitat, altering river flows, and increasing turbidity. It can degrade instream and riparian environments by removing vegetation, disturbing river beds and banks, and lowering water tables. Proper siting and monitoring of mining is needed to reduce environmental impacts.
This presentation asks the question if Dr. Albrecht premise that a balanced soil was best. A portion of this presentation gives the results of a study that was conducted to determine if Dr. Albrecht was correct by breaking down his recommendations. The remaining part shows what might be happening as a result to soil health.
International journal of science technologyMiftahur Rizqi
Sand is an important mineral for our society in protecting the
environment, where this practice of sand and soil mining is becoming an
environmental issue as the demand for sand increases in industry and construction.
Mining and its associated activities can be responsible for considerable
environmental damage. In this article we are discussing about the direct and indirect
impacts due to soil and sand mining to the environment in Indian regions. Pollution
of the water is evident by the colouration of water which in most of the rivers and
streams in the mining area varies from brownish to reddish orange. Low pH (between 2-
3), high electrical conductivity, high concentration of ions of sulphate and iron and toxic
heavy metals, low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high BOD are some of the physicochemical
and biological parameters which characterize the degradation of water quality.
Contamination of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) originating from mines and spoils,
leaching of heavy metals, organic enrichment and silting by sand particles are major
causes of degradation of water quality.
Effects of freshwater restoration on carbon cycling in wetlands with salt and...DongYoonLee8
Preliminary summary for wetland restoration project. Short-term (~1 year) freshwater restoration lowered salinity and phosphorus (P) concentrations in porewater of the saltwater and saltwater+P treatments. Legacy effects of salt and P remained and continued to stimulate aboveground marsh growth. The enhanced marsh growth was likely caused by rapid recycling of nutrients stored in sawgrass litter. Net ecosystem metabolism is used a proxy for ecosystem balance and suggests that saltwater intrusion in Florida Everglades can disrupt carbon cycling. Everglades wetland will be more vulnerable to sea-level rise due to accelerated soil carbon loss.
What sorts of knowledge and learning systems do we need to best deal with the climate change challenge? Presented to ACT KM national conference, Canberra 2008.
How to restore wildlife habitats on a large scale in rural landscapes against a background of climate change. The Norman Wettenhall Foundation Annual Public Lecture, Museum Melbourne, November 2008.
Science & Policy For Managing Australian Landscapes Nceas Santa Barbara Sept 07Charles Darwin University
An overview of Australian developments in science and policy for environmental management. Presented to the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara, September 2007.
This document discusses opportunities for improving Victoria's food and farming system in the face of climate change and other challenges. It notes that Victoria's food and farming sector is a major industry but faces issues like water scarcity. Opportunities include new alliances across sectors, integrated farming of food and energy, and planning approaches that build resilience. Peri-urban areas will be impacted and may see a new paradigm integrating food production, private space, and public goals around resources and amenities.
Australia has an important role to play in improving food security in the region through exporting agricultural knowledge and expertise, rather than bulk commodities. This involves smarter food system planning, research and development, extension and education to develop more sustainable and resilient food production systems. Key challenges include increasing water and energy productivity, adapting to climate change, developing alternative energy sources, and ensuring food production does not compromise other important landscape values like biodiversity and soil health.
This document discusses the challenges facing agriculture and natural resource management in Australia. It notes that food, water, land and energy resources are interconnected and climate change intensifies these interactions. It argues that conventional approaches are risky and that smarter planning, research, extension and education are urgently needed to increase sustainable production. These issues require solutions that cut across sectors and scales, and a rethinking of the agricultural innovation system is needed to better address these profound challenges.
This document discusses emerging carbon economies and savanna fire abatement projects in northern Australia. It describes the landscape and cultural heritage of northern Australia and significant development pressures. It highlights several existing projects that aim to shift fire regimes at large scales, reintroduce traditional burning practices, and accurately measure greenhouse gas emissions from savanna fires. These projects establish partnerships between Indigenous groups, government organizations, and private funders. They have helped reduce emissions and shift the timing of fires compared to baseline periods. The document advocates for policies and an industry structure that promotes Indigenous involvement and benefits from carbon projects on their lands.
- Catchment Management Authorities (CMAs) could become involved in carbon markets through various options like doing nothing, acting as a quality assurer, facilitator, or direct market player.
- Carbon trading and biosequestration schemes offer opportunities for CMAs to generate revenue and promote land management goals, but also carry risks from financial exposure and technical challenges.
- As the national carbon market develops, CMAs should focus on influencing policy design, improving carbon accounting rigor, and potentially partnering to market "charismatic" environmental plantings in the voluntary market.
Boundary organizations like Land & Water Australia are inherently vulnerable due to tensions at the science-policy interface. LWA aimed to provide leadership in sustainable natural resource management through knowledge generation and informing debate. However, it struggled with the complex, long-term challenges of NRM issues that span disciplines and sectors. Lessons from LWA's demise include the need for boundary organizations to be agile, far-sighted brokers that can navigate the politics of science and policy.
Characteristics Of Successful Catchment Management Organisations, Mackay Feb07Charles Darwin University
This document discusses ingredients for success for Catchment Management Organisations (CMOs). It outlines characteristics of leading CMOs, including comprehensive understanding of their clients, strong relationships built on trust, clear positioning and roles, and good governance. Top CMOs have knowledge of the catchment and factors affecting land management adoption. They work closely with communities and industries to understand needs and find mutually beneficial solutions. Strong governance with clear roles and accountability is important when managing public funds.
This document outlines a policy discussion on managing Australian soils. It suggests rebuilding commitment to soil management by quantifying the economic costs of degradation and benefits of investment. It also recommends rebuilding knowledge by improving long-term monitoring and mapping, and rebuilding capacity through education programs. Catchment management organizations are identified as important targets to emphasize soil management in on-ground works. Specific next steps proposed are further developing the economic analysis, decision tools, and exemplar soil projects.
This document outlines strategies for effectively funding and managing applied research and development (R&D). It discusses the importance of understanding the knowledge needs, having clear objectives, using various procurement pathways, collaborating with partners, focusing on governance, communication, knowledge adoption, legacy, and evaluation. Applied R&D investment requires understanding both the scientific inquiry process and ensuring appropriate management, adoption efforts, and legacy planning are incorporated from the start.
A lecture to first year students at the ANU and the National University of Singapore introducing key sustainability concepts with reference to Australia.
Public lecture to the Australian Academy of Science in the wonderful Shine Dome in Canberra on 4 November 2009. A big picture look at the policy and science integration challenges across water, energy, carbon, food and health against a background of climate chaos and a looming oil crunch.
Nike is analyzed in this case study. It provides an overview of Nike's history, brands, vision, mission, financial performance, and SWOT analysis. The external environment facing Nike is also examined, including competitors, opportunities, and threats in the athletic footwear and apparel industry. Various strategic analysis tools are applied to Nike, such as BCG matrix, IE matrix, and comparative financial statements. Potential strategies for Nike going forward are discussed.
The document discusses the impact that increasing water scarcity will have on global food security. It provides historical examples of overexploitation of water resources in the Middle East, India, Australia, and other regions to meet growing demands. Reasons for rising water scarcity include population growth, changing diets, urbanization, biofuel production, and climate change. To ensure future food security, the document calls for adaptive responses like improving water storage and irrigation systems, increasing water productivity, and developing new policies around water allocation and management.
Climate change and the sustainable built environmentlaneycollege
With over 6.6 billion people living predominantly in urban areas, the document discusses Earth's carrying capacity and how it is determined. It then provides data on the ecological footprints of various countries and regions. Several graphics show trends of increasing global temperatures, rising sea levels, and effects on glaciers, coral reefs, and wildlife. The text discusses the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to address climate change and its economic and health impacts. It outlines California's goals to reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.
1. Climate change refers to substantial changes in weather patterns due to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
2. The earth has warmed over 0.5°C in the last century and models predict further warming of 1.8-4.0°C by 2100, with rising sea levels and more extreme weather.
3. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes of increasing greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Climate Change Impacts Overview Delhi April 06_David Warrilo.pptFahadAli189139
This document discusses the impacts of climate change that are already evident such as melting glaciers and rising sea levels. It also outlines economic losses from extreme weather events like floods and hurricanes. Temperatures are predicted to continue rising significantly by 2100 which will further impact sectors like agriculture, human health, and sea level rise. While adaptation is necessary, it has limits, so mitigation of greenhouse gases through stabilization is needed to avoid dangerous climate change and allow for sustainable development.
This document discusses several issues facing the global community, including climate change, population growth, demands for food and energy, and water scarcity. It notes that projections simply extrapolate past trends, while forecasts try to account for changing circumstances. The future likely holds reduced standards of living in western nations if changes are not made. Climate change will impact weather patterns and water availability globally and in the UK. Growing demands for food and energy are stressing limited resources.
How mis-governance of our water resources and climate change is impacting South Asia and since 85 per cent of water in South Asia emanates from HKH Glaciers, their fast erosion and lack of water governance is leading to various disastrous scenarios, which South Asian countries need to look into seriously without wasting any further time.
Humanity's Last Hope: a comprehensive Solution to Global Issuesseapact
The Hydroloop™ System
24/7 Smart Solutions for Transport, Water Delivery, and Energy Production
The Hydroloop™ System is a sustainable energy and water distribution solution that leverages geothermal energy to supply electricity and water constantly. It also aids in the transportation of goods and people. The system generates electricity and distributes water to Smart Farming operations, which cultivate a variety of produce and aquatic life, and for human consumption. The used water is then recycled and directed back to the geothermal power source to energize the Hydroloop™ System, thus completing the cycle and preparing it to start again. This project aligns with the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) making it "Humanity's Last Hope".
Global climate change phenomena, impacts and adaptationsDevegowda S R
Climate change is caused by both natural and human factors. Increased levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels are contributing to global warming. This is causing rising surface temperatures, changing weather patterns, and more extreme climate events. Impacts are already apparent and include melting glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe droughts and hurricanes. Agriculture and food security are seriously threatened, with lower crop yields predicted. Many developing nations are most vulnerable due to greater exposure and less ability to adapt. Mitigating further climate change requires global cooperation on reducing emissions through transitioning to renewable energy and more efficient use of resources, while adapting to impacts like sea level rise and more
Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the
fastest-growing food production sector globally.
However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality.
In this Lecture, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector ’ s sustainability.
Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level
rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and
severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that
require further investigations.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts, greenhouse gas emissions, and biofuels as an alternative fuel source. It notes that the last 50 years have seen temperature increases twice as fast as the previous 100 years. Developing countries are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change like food shortages, water issues, and health problems. While biofuels could provide environmental benefits by replacing fossil fuels, their production may cause increased water and fertilizer use, greenhouse gas emissions, effects on food supply and biodiversity from land conversion. The Philippines relies heavily on foreign companies for its energy needs but could focus more on developing domestic renewable resources.
Water Shortages: What does it hold for Sydney? | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Climate change in the future will led to sea level rising, low rainfall, warmer days and water shortages through evaporation in the dams. A lesser amount of Sydney rain falls in the catchment area, as most of Sydney’s rain falls on the coast and the catchment areas are further island E.g. Warragamba Dam. Warragamba Dam is Sydney’s major water supply can supply Sydney with 4 years supply of water with zero inflow supply, but currently the dam is at 50% capacity. We now need to research desalination plants, larger scale water treatment plants and government plans and policies to help save our water supply.
Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Egygpt and NAP processNAP Events
Presented by: Mohamed Ismail Ibrahim Elsehamy
7.2 Approaches / adaptation solutions (1/2)
The section will provide best practices regarding various adaptation approaches or solutions at various scales based on latest science. Examples to be featured include ecosystem-based approaches, community based adaptation, responses to heat waves and ways to deal with shifting growing seasons in agriculture. The session will also feature practical experiences from countries in addressing issues at multiple scales. This is the first of two sessions on this topic. The second is under session 8.1.
How do we cope with the results of Global Warming from RCP 4.5 to RCP 8.5 including food, housing, flooding, and more. This presentation touches on bioengineering of transgenic plants, mass migration of over 1.8 billion people, CO2
J jones water 21 env eng action & planning ukJoy Elliott
This document discusses various topics related to environmental engineering and water quality standards. It begins with a summary of a parliamentary question about defining microbial standards for watercourses and discharges. It then discusses issues like the variable quality of watercourses, accumulation of pathogens in rivers due to disrupted flows, and the development of drug-resistant bacteria in sewage treatment plants. Other sections address topics such as raw sewage overflows contaminating waterways, natural solutions to sewer overcapacity, and the need for "safe and viable plans for water" globally to benefit resources, livelihoods and meet regulatory standards.
PLAN B NO BS - K. IV CARBON Coal, Oil Drowning, Frying, Killing us. C3 V1Start Loving
1. Climate change is causing glaciers and ice sheets to melt rapidly, which will raise sea levels and force many coastal dwellers to relocate.
2. Rising temperatures are also causing more frequent and intense heat waves, droughts, and wildfires, reducing agricultural production and threatening global food security.
3. The climate is changing much faster than anticipated due to human emissions, and further warming of 2-11°F this century is virtually certain unless carbon emissions are quickly reduced.
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and strategies for adaptation and mitigation. It outlines how climate change will increase global food demand while reducing arable land. Adaptation strategies discussed include developing insurance programs, improving water efficiency, and trading water rights. Mitigation strategies addressed in agriculture include use of biogas and biofuels (though first generation biofuels have issues), and farm practices that reduce emissions like fertilizer management and no-till farming. The Paris Agreement's goals of limiting warming to 1.5C and increasing country commitments over time are also mentioned.
The document summarizes potential benefits of global warming. It lists group members and then discusses topics like:
- Opening of new shipping routes as ice caps melt, saving time and money on voyages.
- Increased availability of arable land for agriculture and housing as ice retreats.
- Access to previously trapped natural resources like oil and gas in Arctic regions.
- Potential increased growing seasons and agricultural productivity in some areas from warmer temperatures and increased CO2 levels acting as fertilizer.
- Growth of the solar energy industry and its benefits like reduced pollution and maintenance costs.
- Potential increased tourism to places experiencing warmer weather.
- Economic growth from industries adapting to or mitigating climate
Bill Hare, CEO of Climate Analytics, summarises the World Bank report Turn Down The Heat: Why a 4C Warmer World Must Be Avoided for The Climate Institute's Boardroom Lunch Conversation on 21 October 2013.
Climate Change Seal Level Rise Met OfficeMr Cornish
The document discusses evidence that the Earth's climate is warming due to human activities. It notes that global temperatures and sea levels have increased over the past century, precipitation patterns have changed, and glaciers are retreating. The document projects that these trends will continue in the future, causing more warming, sea level rise, and extreme weather if emissions are not reduced. Coastal areas and developing nations will be most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
The document discusses evidence that the Earth's climate is warming due to human activities. It notes that global temperatures and sea levels have increased over the past century, precipitation patterns have changed, and glaciers are retreating. The document projects that these trends will continue in the future, causing more warming, sea level rise, and extreme weather if emissions are not reduced. Coastal areas and developing nations will be most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Similar to Paddock To Plate ACF Workshop Melbourne 3.10.08 (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. Sustaining Victorian Food & Farming
3FP workshop
Andrew Campbell
Melbourne 3 October 2008
Triple Helix Consulting
www.triplehelix.com.au
Take home messages
• We are living through a period of unprecedented environmental
change, that is likely to intensify - this is not a blip
• Business as usual is not a viable trajectory
• The Victorian food system needs to improve its performance
irrespective of climate change
• But climate change raises the stakes & increases the risks
• Victoria can lead a new approach to food in a drying climate
• This is about innovation, regional development & leadership
• To decide not to succeed, is to decide to fail
• New alliances are needed across the health, food and farming
systems, and along the food value chain
• Leadership is needed at all levels
2
1
2. Outline
1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
2. Drivers for Change
3. Opportunities for improvement
4. Flying some kites
5. Hopes from this workshop
3
4
2
3. 1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
• The biggest manufacturing sector
• A major exporting sector (~$6B, 26% of Aust. total)
• Employs about 15% of Victorians, more in the regions
• A huge environmental footprint
– Food about 23% of GHG emissions (Ag 13% of Vic emissions)
– The largest component of household water use
– Ag 66% of diverted fresh water use (2005)
– The largest ecological disturbance on rural landscapes
• Victoria the highest proportion of degraded ecosystems
• Most rural river reaches failing SEPP benchmarks
• An obvious focus for government priorities
like innovation & regional development
— not to mention culture & identity
5
Outline
1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
2. Drivers for Change
3. Opportunities for improvement
4. Flying some kites
5. Hopes from this workshop
6
3
4. 2. Drivers for Change
• World food demand
• Climate
• Water
• Energy
• Soil & other resource constraints
7
The human footprint on the planet
1950 2050
Population 2 billion 9 billion
CO2 310 ppm >450ppm
Energy Use 80EJ/yr >550EJ/yr
Sea Levels ———— 0.2-1.5m higher
• This trajectory cannot be sustained without a radical decoupling of
economic growth from resource depletion and degradation, and
from emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG).
• Achieving such a decoupling is the most profound
structural change the world has ever attempted
8
4
5. Feeding the world
• In essence, the world needs to double food
production by about 2050, & improve distribution
• We have done this in the past, mainly through clearing,
cultivating and irrigating more land
– and to a lesser extent better varieties, more fertiliser etc
• Climate change is narrowing those options, with limits to:
– water
– land
– energy
– nutrients
9
5
6. But maybe we ain’t seen nothin yet….
Food Supply Scenarios (Chatham House 2008)
12
6
7. 2. Drivers for Change
• World food demand
• Climate
• Water
• Energy
• Soil & other resource constraints
13
Population & carbon emissions
Source: WBCSD & IUCN 2008; Harvard Medical School 2008
7
8. (IPCC 4th Assessment Report)
Impacts
• As greenhouse gases
increase
– So does temperature
– And sea levels
– Snow & ice melt
– More variable climate
– More extreme weather
• Climate change is the
biggest market failure
the world has ever
seen (Stern and
Garnaut)
8
10. Victoria is one of the most affected regions
in one of the most affected countries…
• for a given % reduction in annual rainfall
across Australia, there is a much greater increase in the
probability of exceptionally dry conditions in Victoria
19
Likely on-ground impacts
• Significant long-term reductions in water yield (worse cf. CSIRO models)
cf.
• increases in stream salinity, but smaller saline discharge areas
• more frequent and intense damaging summer storms
• more, bigger and hotter bushfires (NRM impacts habitat, water, weeds)
• potential surprises as ‘sleeper’ weeds and pests take off in more
sleeper’
favourable conditions, and as pests and diseases from northern Australia
(e.g. cattle tick, fruit fly and cane toads) extend southwards
southwards
• shorter growing seasons and less reliable access to water for irrigation
• fewer cold days and significant increases in minimum temperatures
— affecting fruit setting
— affecting
• earlier ripening grapes, and quality problems for reds in particular
• increasing heat stress for livestock, including dairy cows in northern
increasing
Victoria
10
11. 2. Drivers for Change
• World food demand
• Climate
• Water
• Energy
• Soil & other resource constraints
21
Water
• Each calorie takes one litre of water to produce,
on average
• Given population growth and consumption trends, without
improvements in water productivity, agricultural water
demand (ET) doubles from 6400 km3 to 12000 km3 by 2050
• BUT: Like the Murray Darling Basin, all the world’s major
food producing basins are effectively ‘closed’
or already over-allocated
– Yellow River, Colorado, Amu/Syr Darya, Nile, Lerma-Chapala,
Jordan, Gediz, Zayanda Rud, Indus,
Cauvery, Krishna, Chao Phraya….
22
11
12. Water
23
Physical & Economic Water Scarcity
(IWMI 2007)
24
12
13. Perth’s Annual Storage Inflow GL (1911-2005)
1000
In Victoria, last 7 years the driest 7 years since records have been kept.
900 Inflows to Melbourne storages since 1997 35% lower than prior to 1997.
Total annual* inflow** to Perth dams (GL)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1911
1914
1917
1920
1923
1926
1929
1932
1935
1938
1941
1944
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Annual inflow 1911–1974 (338 GL av) 1975–1996 (177 GL av) 1997–2004 (115 GL av)
Notes: * year is taken as May to April and labelled year is beginning (winter) of year
** inflow is simulated based on Perth dams in 2001 and 2005 is total until 3 August 2005
26
13
14. 2. Drivers for Change
• World food demand
• Climate
• Water
• Energy
• Soil & other resource constraints
27
Energy & nutrients
• The era of abundant, cheap fossil fuels is over
• Rising energy costs = rising fertiliser costs
Remaining reserves (billions of barrels) of crude oil (EWG 2007)
14
15. Real price of crude oil vs
key agricultural fertilisers, 1970-2005
Biofuel production costs vs gasoline prices
(OECD 2008)
biofuel support: US$960 to US$1700/ tonne of CO2e saved
15
16. 2. Drivers for Change
• World food demand
• Climate
• Water
• Energy
• Soil & other resource constraints
31
Land & soil
• The FAO has just assessed trends in land condition (measured
by net primary productivity) from 1981-2004
• Land degradation is increasing in severity and extent:
– >20 percent of all cultivated areas
>30 percent of forests
>10 percent of grasslands
• 1.5 billion people depend directly on land that is being degraded
• Land degradation is cumulative. Limited overlap between 24% of the
land surface identified as degraded now and the 15% classified in 1991,
because NPP has flatlined near zero
in flogged areas
32 http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000874/index.html
16
17. Outline
1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
2. Drivers for Change
3. Opportunities for improvement
4. Flying some kites
5. Hopes from this workshop
33
3. Opportunities for improvement
• “Joined up” analysis and policy making
• Leadership
• Farming & Land Use Systems
• Knowledge, Research and Innovation
• Skills, Education & Training
• Infrastructure
• Planning & Design
34
17
18. Response
Options
We need to be
operating in each of
these quadrants
Develop research
partnerships +/or
link into existing
collaborations
35 Source: FFI CRC EverCrop
Policy - putting it all together
• The Green Paper and the Future Farming strategy are solid, worthy policy documents
• But they don’t do justice to Victoria’s proud track record of NRM innovation
• They talk climate change, but their directions look too much like business as usual,
incremental change, steady as she goes.
• They fail to push the envelope — stuck in ‘modify’ and ‘adapt’ c.f. ‘innovate’ & ‘create’
• The large intersection between them (sustainable farming systems at property,
landscape and state scale) is underdone
• Soil health is treated very superficially, food not much, human health not at all
• The planning/development approvals system needs fundamental overhaul
• Infrastructure planning for carbon, energy, transport, waste,
education, health and demographics also needs rethinking
• “Joined-up Government” has to be more than a slogan
36
18
19. Policy
- time for new alliances & perspectives
• Healthy farms, healthy
landscapes, healthy food,
healthy people & healthy
communities are interconnected
• We are not used to seeing the
farming system as connected to
the health system
• This needs to change
– in research, in assembling a
comprehensive evidence base, in
policy and in leadership
Source: Tyrchniewicz and McDonald (2007)
Leadership
• A time for real leaders and leadership
• Time for a new Bretton Woods Agreement?
• Leadership from below and beyond
• Building cohorts of leaders
– across the Victorian food system
– along the food value chain
38
19
20. Farming Systems
• The biggest issue in agriculture is the gap between the best operators and
the average, and especially the gulf between the average and the long tail
• Our best farmers still make good money, even in “drought”
• But most don’t — we need new farming systems
– Broadacre: e.g. Evergraze, EverCrop, Enrich
– Intensive: nutrient recycling, bioenergy, closing loops
– Low-input: the fastest growing market sector, Vic demand exceeds supply
• The sheer weight of demand means there will be big opportunities for
smart players
– Possibly a two-tiered food system
• Agriculture may even become sexy again…
39
Better soil management — a win, win, win
• Under climate change, water and energy conservation
often seem to be in conflict
– Water saving options use more energy (e.g. desal, pipelines)
– Energy saving options are often thirsty (e.g. biofuels)
• BUT: Increasing soil organic matter:
– Improves productivity
– Increases water infiltration and water holding capacity
– Improves nutrient retention and cycling (reducing leakage)
– Reduces energy & fertiliser needs
– But probably won’t bring big C revenues
40
20
21. We need a third agricultural revolution
— what might it look like?
• Closed loop farming systems
• Smart metering, sensing, telemetry, robotics, guidance
• Understanding & use of soil microbial activity (&GM)
• Urban food production (roofs etc), recycling waste streams & all
urban water and nutrients
• Detailed product specification (Tesco) & more returns to farmers
• ‘Carbon plus’ offsets and incentives
• New marketing options,
integrated with transport network
41
Land Use Systems
• Victoria already “post-agricultural” in several regions (Neil Barr)
• We have some elements of a new paradigm
– Ecoservices etc
– Carbon offsets market (Greenfleet et al)
• And we know areas that need to expand
– Renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass, biogas)
• New land uses through new regional planning approaches that:
– are robust under a range of climate change & demographic scenarios
– build in resilience thinking (e.g. improve habitat connectivity, protect refugia)
– accommodate mitigation options (energy, transport, food)
– safeguard productive soil
– facilitate recycling of water, nutrients and energy
42
21
22. Woody biomass energy
• Learning from the Vikings:
– Finland: same area and population as Victoria, tougher climate,
shorter growing season, slower growth rates (4m3/ha/year
Norway pine, Sitka spruce and birch)
– Private forestry thinnings etc produce 23% of Finland’s primary
energy, over 75% of thermal energy needs, and 20% of Finland’s
electricity
– In Sweden it is 20% with a target of 40%
• WA already has a pilot plant using oil mallees
– Verve Energy at Narrogin
– Producing euc oil, bioenergy, activated carbon
43
44
22
23. Woody biomass energy
• If Victoria is to continue producing large amounts of grass-fed,
rain-fed beef and sheep meat, as I believe it should, then it will
need significant offsets built-in to grazing systems
• We need to be able to market ‘carbon plus’ red meat
• Well-designed large scale plantings deliver significant benefits for
habitat, micro-climate, aesthetics, water quality and shelter as
well as bioenergy and carbon
• BUT: without good planning & controls, the market
will default to large monoculture plantations
replacing agriculture, not integrated
into farming systems
45
Forestry integrated with farming
vs replacing farming
46
23
24. “Carbon plus” wool, beef and sheep meat
47
Knowledge, Research and Innovation
• The VEIL project has comprehensively mapped knowledge
gaps and innovation opportunities
• This project endorses those gaps
• The evidence base needs work, especially along the value
chain — more LCAs an urgent priority
• New research alliances are needed across and along the
food value chain, from farming to health
• Work is needed in all four quadrants
– Modify and adapt
– Innovate and create
48
24
25. Skills, Education & Training
• A huge agenda
• We are where we are, in large part because of
insufficient investment in human capital
• At a community level, we need much deeper and
broader environmental literacy
– and ditto for food literacy
• At a professional level, we need talented,
committed, innovative people capable of inventing
ways of feeding the world using less water, land,
energy and nutrients, while
emitting less carbon
49
Infrastructure
• Transport
– More rail depots
– CNG
• Water
– Reconfiguring irrigation systems
– Stormwater re-use & sewer mining in urban areas
• Energy
– Biomass and methane etc
• Waste
– Where it can’t be avoided or reduced,
look to reuse it as a source of
nutrients, water and energy.
50
25
26. Outline
1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
2. Drivers for Change
3. Opportunities for improvement
4. Flying some kites
5. Hopes from this workshop
51
4. Flying some kites
• The food system = innovation, regional development & culture
• Victoria leading a new approach to food in a drying climate
• A leader in woody biomass energy and solar thermal baseload
power
• A world centre of excellence in smart water management and
premium foods
• Integrated planning of the transport, energy, health and food
systems
• Food Sensitive Urban Design planning revolution
• Using public sector foods to lead innovation
52
26
27. Ideas worth a shot - project level
• Develop a leadership pool across farming, environment, food and
health & fund a series of courses – e.g. ARLP, Williamson, Fairfax
• Landscape reconfiguration pilot - northern irrigation district
• New ‘pre-CRC’ program could support a food/health/environment
sector alliance and scoping work to fill key information gaps.
• An R&D project on farming without oil - e.g. hybrid tractor?
• Farmers’ markets integrated into the rail network (with many
more rail depots)
• Urban food pilot with recycled water, energy & nutrients
• “The Foodies” — biennial awards celebrating
green, healthy, safe, fair foods
53
Outline
1. The Victorian Food & Farming System
2. Drivers for Change
3. Opportunities for improvement
4. Flying some kites
5. Hopes from this workshop
54
27
28. 5. Hopes from this workshop
• Feedback on errors of commission or omission in
the background paper
• Areas that need more emphasis
• Forward-looking constructive ideas
• A bunch of smart people thinking seriously about
a very important issue
• On-going interest in the outputs of this project
• Long-term follow through
55
Take home messages
• We are living through a period of unprecedented environmental
change, that is likely to intensify - this is not a blip
• Business as usual is not a viable trajectory
• The Victorian food system needs to improve its performance
irrespective of climate change
• Victoria can lead a new approach to food in a drying climate
• This is about innovation, regional development & leadership
• To decide not to succeed, is to decide to fail
• New alliances are needed across the health, food and farming
systems, and along the food value chain
• Leadership is needed at all levels
• Let’s GO FOR IT!
56
28
29. For more info
and the full background paper
www.triplehelix.com.au
57
29