The document summarizes the development of a high spatial resolution solar atlas for the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The atlas was created using HelioClim-3 satellite data calibrated with ground measurements to produce 200m resolution maps of solar irradiation. Exclusion and ranking maps identified best potential solar sites based on distance to grids, irradiation levels, and protected areas. Fine-scale assessments with on-site measurements were recommended to validate data and model project yields at specific locations.
This paper discusses Inspira's work developing sun tracking control systems for concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technologies. It presents an overview of three projects: 1) Developing the EPS-Tenerife sun tracking control unit for BP Solar's EUCLIDES one-axis CPV system using a novel hybrid sun tracking strategy. 2) Upgrading the strategy through the Ificles project to work for two-axis trackers. 3) Inspira's latest system, SunDog, which uses a general error model for one- or two-axis trackers. Reliable, low-cost sun tracking is identified as a key challenge holding back CPV technologies from widespread adoption.
This document provides an overview of the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) and its first satellite, GCOM-W1. GCOM aims to continue long-term Earth observations to monitor climate change, the carbon cycle, and other variables. GCOM-W1 will carry the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument and join the A-Train constellation in 2012. AMSR2 improves on the previous AMSR-E instrument with an enhanced calibration system to provide more accurate measurements of Earth's water and energy cycles over 5 years. Future GCOM satellites will continue these essential climate observations through 2022.
Nuclear - 25 years of satellite imagery over ChernobylSpot Image
How Earth-imaging satellites tracked the changes over the last 25 years in the wake of the nuclear accident. By Astrium GEO-Information Services. More Information on www.astrium-geo.com.
MODIS is an instrument aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites that images the entire Earth every 1-2 days using 36 spectral bands. It provides data to study global land, ocean, and atmospheric processes. MODIS data products include measurements of sea surface temperature, snow cover, sea ice, vegetation indices, ocean color, and more. The data is available freely from NASA and USGS websites and can be used with GIS software for applications like monitoring wildfires, agriculture, water quality, and air pollution.
This document summarizes a paper about space robots. It discusses the applications of space robots, which include in-orbit positioning and assembly, operation, maintenance, and resupply. An example of a space robot called Tessellator is provided, which was developed to autonomously rewaterproof space shuttle tiles. The objectives and constraints of the travelling workstation problem that Tessellator aims to solve are outlined. Robotic refueling of satellites is discussed as a way to extend satellite lifespan. Finally, some of the key challenges in designing and testing space robots are mentioned, such as dealing with zero-gravity effects, the vacuum environment, and communication delays.
WE3.L10.4: KIYO TOMIYASU, CO-SEISMIC SLIP AND THE KRAFLA VOLCANO: REFLECTIONS...grssieee
This document discusses the use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for measuring surface deformation over time. It summarizes Kiyo Tomiyasu's pioneering work on using InSAR from a geosynchronous orbit. It also presents a new method called MInTS that uses wavelet decomposition and physical parameterization to generate continuous deformation time series from large numbers of InSAR images. MInTS is demonstrated on data from Iceland's Northern Volcanic Zone, showing instantaneous velocities and asymmetries in deformation patterns. Finally, the document proposes a concept for a geosynchronous InSAR constellation that could provide near-continuous coverage of the Earth's surface.
Next-Generation Observatory: Fluorescence detector Array of Single Pixel Tele...Toshihiro FUJII
The document describes the proposed FAST (Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes) concept for a next-generation ultra-high energy cosmic ray observatory. FAST would consist of 500 single-pixel telescope stations spaced 20 km apart, covering an area of 150,000 km2. Each station would have 12 telescopes with 48 photomultiplier tubes providing 360 degree coverage. This would provide over 10 times the exposure of current observatories like the Telescope Array and Pierre Auger Observatory. An initial prototype was successfully tested at the Telescope Array site in 2014, detecting air shower signals in coincidence with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. Further R&D and construction of a full-scale FAST prototype is planned
1. The document describes the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) project, which aims to develop an economical fluorescence detector array to detect ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutral particles.
2. A full-scale FAST prototype is being constructed and tested. It is expected to be installed at the Telescope Array experiment site in Utah in June 2016 to perform calibration and cross-checks with the existing detectors.
3. Preliminary simulations show that the combined analysis of data from FAST and the surface detector array could provide an energy resolution of 10% and an Xmax resolution of 35 g/cm2 for protons at 10^19.5 eV.
This paper discusses Inspira's work developing sun tracking control systems for concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technologies. It presents an overview of three projects: 1) Developing the EPS-Tenerife sun tracking control unit for BP Solar's EUCLIDES one-axis CPV system using a novel hybrid sun tracking strategy. 2) Upgrading the strategy through the Ificles project to work for two-axis trackers. 3) Inspira's latest system, SunDog, which uses a general error model for one- or two-axis trackers. Reliable, low-cost sun tracking is identified as a key challenge holding back CPV technologies from widespread adoption.
This document provides an overview of the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) and its first satellite, GCOM-W1. GCOM aims to continue long-term Earth observations to monitor climate change, the carbon cycle, and other variables. GCOM-W1 will carry the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument and join the A-Train constellation in 2012. AMSR2 improves on the previous AMSR-E instrument with an enhanced calibration system to provide more accurate measurements of Earth's water and energy cycles over 5 years. Future GCOM satellites will continue these essential climate observations through 2022.
Nuclear - 25 years of satellite imagery over ChernobylSpot Image
How Earth-imaging satellites tracked the changes over the last 25 years in the wake of the nuclear accident. By Astrium GEO-Information Services. More Information on www.astrium-geo.com.
MODIS is an instrument aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites that images the entire Earth every 1-2 days using 36 spectral bands. It provides data to study global land, ocean, and atmospheric processes. MODIS data products include measurements of sea surface temperature, snow cover, sea ice, vegetation indices, ocean color, and more. The data is available freely from NASA and USGS websites and can be used with GIS software for applications like monitoring wildfires, agriculture, water quality, and air pollution.
This document summarizes a paper about space robots. It discusses the applications of space robots, which include in-orbit positioning and assembly, operation, maintenance, and resupply. An example of a space robot called Tessellator is provided, which was developed to autonomously rewaterproof space shuttle tiles. The objectives and constraints of the travelling workstation problem that Tessellator aims to solve are outlined. Robotic refueling of satellites is discussed as a way to extend satellite lifespan. Finally, some of the key challenges in designing and testing space robots are mentioned, such as dealing with zero-gravity effects, the vacuum environment, and communication delays.
WE3.L10.4: KIYO TOMIYASU, CO-SEISMIC SLIP AND THE KRAFLA VOLCANO: REFLECTIONS...grssieee
This document discusses the use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for measuring surface deformation over time. It summarizes Kiyo Tomiyasu's pioneering work on using InSAR from a geosynchronous orbit. It also presents a new method called MInTS that uses wavelet decomposition and physical parameterization to generate continuous deformation time series from large numbers of InSAR images. MInTS is demonstrated on data from Iceland's Northern Volcanic Zone, showing instantaneous velocities and asymmetries in deformation patterns. Finally, the document proposes a concept for a geosynchronous InSAR constellation that could provide near-continuous coverage of the Earth's surface.
Next-Generation Observatory: Fluorescence detector Array of Single Pixel Tele...Toshihiro FUJII
The document describes the proposed FAST (Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes) concept for a next-generation ultra-high energy cosmic ray observatory. FAST would consist of 500 single-pixel telescope stations spaced 20 km apart, covering an area of 150,000 km2. Each station would have 12 telescopes with 48 photomultiplier tubes providing 360 degree coverage. This would provide over 10 times the exposure of current observatories like the Telescope Array and Pierre Auger Observatory. An initial prototype was successfully tested at the Telescope Array site in 2014, detecting air shower signals in coincidence with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. Further R&D and construction of a full-scale FAST prototype is planned
1. The document describes the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) project, which aims to develop an economical fluorescence detector array to detect ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutral particles.
2. A full-scale FAST prototype is being constructed and tested. It is expected to be installed at the Telescope Array experiment site in Utah in June 2016 to perform calibration and cross-checks with the existing detectors.
3. Preliminary simulations show that the combined analysis of data from FAST and the surface detector array could provide an energy resolution of 10% and an Xmax resolution of 35 g/cm2 for protons at 10^19.5 eV.
The document proposes deploying thousands of small, lightweight microbots called REMotes to explore planetary surfaces and subsurface environments in difficult terrains. Each microbot would be autonomous and use hopping locomotion. They could work collectively to explore over 135 square km of surface or 1 km of cave interior. Key challenges include developing microscale sensors, computers, fuel cells and electroactive polymer actuators to enable the mobility and functionality of individual microbots. Simulations show REMotes could access much larger areas than current rover strategies by working in parallel across rough terrain. Further study is needed to address technological limitations in extreme environments.
This document summarizes the results from field testing a prototype Fast Array of Single-Pixel Telescopes (FAST) for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection. Key findings include:
1) The FAST prototype operated very stably and detected laser shots and air shower candidates consistent with expectations.
2) Reconstructed air shower maximum depths from FAST data alone could achieve 30 g/cm^2 resolution for energies above 10^19.5 eV.
3) Future improvements to the FAST design were identified, and a full 30°×30° prototype is the next step.
First results from a prototype for the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-...Toshihiro FUJII
The document describes the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) concept for observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The FAST prototype was tested using the EUSO-TA telescope and detected laser shots and 16 air shower candidates in coincidence with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. A new FAST prototype is being constructed to establish its sensitivity and detect air shower profiles including the depth of shower maximum. The document outlines future plans to install FAST at the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array for cross-calibration and to independently measure energy and air shower maximum between the two experiments using a low-cost simplified fluorescence detector design.
Spaceborne Imagery For Environmental & Disaster Monitoringgpetrie
The document discusses the use of spaceborne imagery for environmental and disaster monitoring. It provides examples of how satellite imagery has been used to monitor various natural disasters such as flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions and forest fires. It also discusses how satellites are used to monitor ongoing environmental changes, such as receding glaciers, sand and dust storms, algal blooms, mining, agriculture and deforestation. Different types of satellites are used depending on the specific monitoring needs and situations.
Development of a prototype for Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Te...Toshihiro FUJII
This document summarizes the results from the first field test of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) concept. The test involved a single FAST telescope prototype installed at the Telescope Array site in Utah. Key results included stable operation under night sky backgrounds, detection of laser shots and air shower signals consistent with expectations, and a successful collaboration between the Pierre Auger, Telescope Array and JEM-EUSO experiments. Future plans involve developing a full 30x30 degree prototype to further validate the FAST concept.
The document summarizes the status of the GMES Space Component program. It describes the Sentinel satellite missions for monitoring land, ocean, atmosphere and emergency situations. The Sentinels will provide long-term data continuity as well as improved coverage compared to existing missions. Sentinel data will be freely and openly available to both operational users and the science community. The program is on track, with the first Sentinel launches beginning in 2013.
The document discusses how to obtain bankable meteorological data for solar power plants. It describes using ground measurements for high accuracy but also satellite data which provides spatial resolution over long periods of time. Combining ground and satellite data through validation can provide accurate hourly time series, irradiation maps, and long-term annual means.
This document discusses how Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) works to measure ground deformation. It explains that InSAR uses the phase difference between two SAR images of the same area taken at different times to detect millimeter-scale changes in the distance to ground targets. It provides examples of how InSAR has been used to measure subsidence from earthquakes and other natural hazards. The document also notes some limitations of InSAR related to decorrelation from changes on the ground surface and in the atmosphere between image acquisitions.
Solar radiation forecasting with wrf model in the iberian peninsulaIrSOLaV Pomares
This document summarizes research validating solar radiation forecasting models in the Iberian Peninsula. It evaluates the ECMWF ERA-40 global model and the WRF mesoscale model at hourly and daily resolutions against ground measurements. The ECMWF model underestimates daily solar radiation with errors up to 39.55%. The WRF model has hourly errors ranging from 30-98% and daily errors from 23-89%. While WRF with NCEP data fails to accurately reproduce synoptic situations, using ECMWF data inputs may improve forecasts. However, cloud movement remains challenging to predict deterministically. Further progress is needed to meet a 20% error requirement for hourly solar forecasts in Spain.
MEGAJOULE provides solar energy consulting services including technical due diligence, resource mapping, and feasibility studies. Their services help investors, promoters, and financial institutions make informed decisions. MEGAJOULE uses satellite data and algorithms to map solar resources across areas from 10km to 100m in resolution. Feasibility studies provide a comprehensive analysis of location-specific parameters to evaluate sites. MEGAJOULE aims to help settle economically viable renewable energy projects through independent analysis and tailoring services to client needs.
The document summarizes a study analyzing resource growth and cost/schedule overruns for 20 NASA missions from the past decade. It finds that on average, costs grew 76% and schedules grew 26% beyond initial estimates at the beginning of the preliminary design phase. This level of growth is consistent with the findings of an earlier 10-mission study. The document outlines the study's methodology of comparing estimated and actual values for mass, power, cost and schedule at key milestones. It also provides a table describing the 20 missions analyzed, which represent a variety of science objectives, acquisition methods and planetary vs. earth science.
DSD-INT 2015 - from promise to practice - the lessons we needed to learn to m...Deltares
This document outlines 4 key lessons learned for making InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) successful for commercial applications. The lessons are: 1) thoroughly learn the client's business to identify opportunities for EO data, 2) use EO data as raw material for customized products rather than just selling the data, 3) treat pilot projects as relationship-builders by ensuring convincing results, and 4) find champions within the client organization who can help scale up use of the technology by supporting organizational changes. Examples of successful pilot projects and applications in oil & gas, infrastructure, and utilities are also provided.
The document describes the FAST (Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes) project. FAST aims to measure ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 1019.5 eV using an array of single-pixel telescopes to detect air fluorescence. Each FAST station would have 12 telescopes covering a 30°×360° field of view. With 500 stations spaced 20 km apart over 150,000 km2, FAST could detect over 5,000 events per year above 57 EeV and 650 above 100 EeV. Prototype FAST telescopes have been installed and observed laser shots and cosmic ray air showers in coincidences with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector.
Gefran controls used for evaluating the focusing performance of mirrors in Ch...Gefran Inc.
The CTA observatory is a project designed by a worldwide consortium that will make use of well demonstrated technologies of present generation Cherenkov telescopes as
well as new ad hoc developed solutions. CTA will be based on telescopes with different sizes installed over a large area. At its southern site e.g. 70 Small Size 20 Telescopes (4 m primary mirror diameter), 20 Medium Size Telescopes (12 m)
and 4 Large Size Telescopes (23 m) will be implemented in order to cover a broad spectral energy range from a few tens of GeV up to 100 TeV.
The document describes the objectives and design concepts for the AROSAT mission and spacecraft configuration. The primary objectives are to achieve very high resolution imaging below 0.5m for artifacts, infrastructure, and small fixed or mobile objects. The system would consist of 3 spacecraft in the same sun-synchronous orbit with 3-hour revisit capability to any point on Earth. Two telescope options are considered that would provide either a 6km or 18km swath from 412km altitude. Electric propulsion is favored over chemical propulsion for orbit maintenance.
Future guidelines the meteorological view - Isabel Martínez (AEMet)IrSOLaV Pomares
This document discusses nowcasting and forecasting of solar irradiance using meteorological data. Nowcasting uses observations from the past 6 hours to predict clouds and irradiance up to 2 hours ahead for a specific site. Forecasting uses numerical weather prediction models to predict clouds and irradiance out to days or weeks ahead on regional to global scales. The document outlines various nowcasting techniques including the use of sky cameras, satellites, and neural networks. It also describes several forecast models run operationally at ECMWF and AEMET including HIRLAM, HARMONIE, and the ECMWF model. Prognostic aerosols are also modeled to improve irradiance forecasts.
This document summarizes a presentation about lessons learned from NASA's Stardust comet sample return mission. The Stardust mission returned the first solid samples from a comet in 2006. Key lessons included the value of detailed pre-flight measurements and instrumentation that were not included due to budget and schedule constraints. Future missions could benefit from more proactive "planning for learning" approaches rather than just reactive "lessons learned." Careful recovery operations are also important for preserving samples and data about the heatshield's condition upon reentry.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
SSPS has benefits for achieving SDGs and ESG goals by providing low emission, sustainable power. Key technologies include large antennas that can precisely direct microwave beams for power transmission. Antennas face challenges like developing arrays of thousands of precisely controlled elements. The presentation outlines a roadmap including technology verification experiments and test satellites to demonstrate SSPS technologies like deployable antennas in space before developing commercial-scale systems in geosynchronous orbit capable of generating several GW of power.
CSP Training series : solar resource assessment 1/2Leonardo ENERGY
The key factors that can explain inconsistencies and large disagreements between solar resource maps include:
1. Differences in the cloud data sources or periods used to create the maps
2. Inconsistent aerosol data used in the models
3. Use of long-term monthly average aerosol data versus mean daily data
4. Reliance on empirical algorithms that may degrade in accuracy for some areas
5. Lack of validation against actual ground-measured DNI data, which is limited
Proper validation against available ground measurements and consistency in input data are important to improve agreement between solar resource maps. The scarcity of DNI data makes validation challenging.
IrSOLaV provides solar energy consulting services including solar radiation estimation from satellite images, analysis of power plant production, auditing of solar plants, and meteorological data quality reports. The company's team of experts has experience in over 500 MW of CSP and PV projects. Key products and services include long-term solar irradiance estimation from satellite images, analysis of thermal and electrical production for solar energy systems, and quality assurance of radiometric data and plant performance.
The document proposes deploying thousands of small, lightweight microbots called REMotes to explore planetary surfaces and subsurface environments in difficult terrains. Each microbot would be autonomous and use hopping locomotion. They could work collectively to explore over 135 square km of surface or 1 km of cave interior. Key challenges include developing microscale sensors, computers, fuel cells and electroactive polymer actuators to enable the mobility and functionality of individual microbots. Simulations show REMotes could access much larger areas than current rover strategies by working in parallel across rough terrain. Further study is needed to address technological limitations in extreme environments.
This document summarizes the results from field testing a prototype Fast Array of Single-Pixel Telescopes (FAST) for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection. Key findings include:
1) The FAST prototype operated very stably and detected laser shots and air shower candidates consistent with expectations.
2) Reconstructed air shower maximum depths from FAST data alone could achieve 30 g/cm^2 resolution for energies above 10^19.5 eV.
3) Future improvements to the FAST design were identified, and a full 30°×30° prototype is the next step.
First results from a prototype for the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-...Toshihiro FUJII
The document describes the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) concept for observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The FAST prototype was tested using the EUSO-TA telescope and detected laser shots and 16 air shower candidates in coincidence with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. A new FAST prototype is being constructed to establish its sensitivity and detect air shower profiles including the depth of shower maximum. The document outlines future plans to install FAST at the Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array for cross-calibration and to independently measure energy and air shower maximum between the two experiments using a low-cost simplified fluorescence detector design.
Spaceborne Imagery For Environmental & Disaster Monitoringgpetrie
The document discusses the use of spaceborne imagery for environmental and disaster monitoring. It provides examples of how satellite imagery has been used to monitor various natural disasters such as flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions and forest fires. It also discusses how satellites are used to monitor ongoing environmental changes, such as receding glaciers, sand and dust storms, algal blooms, mining, agriculture and deforestation. Different types of satellites are used depending on the specific monitoring needs and situations.
Development of a prototype for Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Te...Toshihiro FUJII
This document summarizes the results from the first field test of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) concept. The test involved a single FAST telescope prototype installed at the Telescope Array site in Utah. Key results included stable operation under night sky backgrounds, detection of laser shots and air shower signals consistent with expectations, and a successful collaboration between the Pierre Auger, Telescope Array and JEM-EUSO experiments. Future plans involve developing a full 30x30 degree prototype to further validate the FAST concept.
The document summarizes the status of the GMES Space Component program. It describes the Sentinel satellite missions for monitoring land, ocean, atmosphere and emergency situations. The Sentinels will provide long-term data continuity as well as improved coverage compared to existing missions. Sentinel data will be freely and openly available to both operational users and the science community. The program is on track, with the first Sentinel launches beginning in 2013.
The document discusses how to obtain bankable meteorological data for solar power plants. It describes using ground measurements for high accuracy but also satellite data which provides spatial resolution over long periods of time. Combining ground and satellite data through validation can provide accurate hourly time series, irradiation maps, and long-term annual means.
This document discusses how Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) works to measure ground deformation. It explains that InSAR uses the phase difference between two SAR images of the same area taken at different times to detect millimeter-scale changes in the distance to ground targets. It provides examples of how InSAR has been used to measure subsidence from earthquakes and other natural hazards. The document also notes some limitations of InSAR related to decorrelation from changes on the ground surface and in the atmosphere between image acquisitions.
Solar radiation forecasting with wrf model in the iberian peninsulaIrSOLaV Pomares
This document summarizes research validating solar radiation forecasting models in the Iberian Peninsula. It evaluates the ECMWF ERA-40 global model and the WRF mesoscale model at hourly and daily resolutions against ground measurements. The ECMWF model underestimates daily solar radiation with errors up to 39.55%. The WRF model has hourly errors ranging from 30-98% and daily errors from 23-89%. While WRF with NCEP data fails to accurately reproduce synoptic situations, using ECMWF data inputs may improve forecasts. However, cloud movement remains challenging to predict deterministically. Further progress is needed to meet a 20% error requirement for hourly solar forecasts in Spain.
MEGAJOULE provides solar energy consulting services including technical due diligence, resource mapping, and feasibility studies. Their services help investors, promoters, and financial institutions make informed decisions. MEGAJOULE uses satellite data and algorithms to map solar resources across areas from 10km to 100m in resolution. Feasibility studies provide a comprehensive analysis of location-specific parameters to evaluate sites. MEGAJOULE aims to help settle economically viable renewable energy projects through independent analysis and tailoring services to client needs.
The document summarizes a study analyzing resource growth and cost/schedule overruns for 20 NASA missions from the past decade. It finds that on average, costs grew 76% and schedules grew 26% beyond initial estimates at the beginning of the preliminary design phase. This level of growth is consistent with the findings of an earlier 10-mission study. The document outlines the study's methodology of comparing estimated and actual values for mass, power, cost and schedule at key milestones. It also provides a table describing the 20 missions analyzed, which represent a variety of science objectives, acquisition methods and planetary vs. earth science.
DSD-INT 2015 - from promise to practice - the lessons we needed to learn to m...Deltares
This document outlines 4 key lessons learned for making InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) successful for commercial applications. The lessons are: 1) thoroughly learn the client's business to identify opportunities for EO data, 2) use EO data as raw material for customized products rather than just selling the data, 3) treat pilot projects as relationship-builders by ensuring convincing results, and 4) find champions within the client organization who can help scale up use of the technology by supporting organizational changes. Examples of successful pilot projects and applications in oil & gas, infrastructure, and utilities are also provided.
The document describes the FAST (Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes) project. FAST aims to measure ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 1019.5 eV using an array of single-pixel telescopes to detect air fluorescence. Each FAST station would have 12 telescopes covering a 30°×360° field of view. With 500 stations spaced 20 km apart over 150,000 km2, FAST could detect over 5,000 events per year above 57 EeV and 650 above 100 EeV. Prototype FAST telescopes have been installed and observed laser shots and cosmic ray air showers in coincidences with the Telescope Array fluorescence detector.
Gefran controls used for evaluating the focusing performance of mirrors in Ch...Gefran Inc.
The CTA observatory is a project designed by a worldwide consortium that will make use of well demonstrated technologies of present generation Cherenkov telescopes as
well as new ad hoc developed solutions. CTA will be based on telescopes with different sizes installed over a large area. At its southern site e.g. 70 Small Size 20 Telescopes (4 m primary mirror diameter), 20 Medium Size Telescopes (12 m)
and 4 Large Size Telescopes (23 m) will be implemented in order to cover a broad spectral energy range from a few tens of GeV up to 100 TeV.
The document describes the objectives and design concepts for the AROSAT mission and spacecraft configuration. The primary objectives are to achieve very high resolution imaging below 0.5m for artifacts, infrastructure, and small fixed or mobile objects. The system would consist of 3 spacecraft in the same sun-synchronous orbit with 3-hour revisit capability to any point on Earth. Two telescope options are considered that would provide either a 6km or 18km swath from 412km altitude. Electric propulsion is favored over chemical propulsion for orbit maintenance.
Future guidelines the meteorological view - Isabel Martínez (AEMet)IrSOLaV Pomares
This document discusses nowcasting and forecasting of solar irradiance using meteorological data. Nowcasting uses observations from the past 6 hours to predict clouds and irradiance up to 2 hours ahead for a specific site. Forecasting uses numerical weather prediction models to predict clouds and irradiance out to days or weeks ahead on regional to global scales. The document outlines various nowcasting techniques including the use of sky cameras, satellites, and neural networks. It also describes several forecast models run operationally at ECMWF and AEMET including HIRLAM, HARMONIE, and the ECMWF model. Prognostic aerosols are also modeled to improve irradiance forecasts.
This document summarizes a presentation about lessons learned from NASA's Stardust comet sample return mission. The Stardust mission returned the first solid samples from a comet in 2006. Key lessons included the value of detailed pre-flight measurements and instrumentation that were not included due to budget and schedule constraints. Future missions could benefit from more proactive "planning for learning" approaches rather than just reactive "lessons learned." Careful recovery operations are also important for preserving samples and data about the heatshield's condition upon reentry.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
SSPS has benefits for achieving SDGs and ESG goals by providing low emission, sustainable power. Key technologies include large antennas that can precisely direct microwave beams for power transmission. Antennas face challenges like developing arrays of thousands of precisely controlled elements. The presentation outlines a roadmap including technology verification experiments and test satellites to demonstrate SSPS technologies like deployable antennas in space before developing commercial-scale systems in geosynchronous orbit capable of generating several GW of power.
CSP Training series : solar resource assessment 1/2Leonardo ENERGY
The key factors that can explain inconsistencies and large disagreements between solar resource maps include:
1. Differences in the cloud data sources or periods used to create the maps
2. Inconsistent aerosol data used in the models
3. Use of long-term monthly average aerosol data versus mean daily data
4. Reliance on empirical algorithms that may degrade in accuracy for some areas
5. Lack of validation against actual ground-measured DNI data, which is limited
Proper validation against available ground measurements and consistency in input data are important to improve agreement between solar resource maps. The scarcity of DNI data makes validation challenging.
IrSOLaV provides solar energy consulting services including solar radiation estimation from satellite images, analysis of power plant production, auditing of solar plants, and meteorological data quality reports. The company's team of experts has experience in over 500 MW of CSP and PV projects. Key products and services include long-term solar irradiance estimation from satellite images, analysis of thermal and electrical production for solar energy systems, and quality assurance of radiometric data and plant performance.
1. The document describes an innovative technology for remote sensing of the Earth using satellite imagery. Infrared signals containing information about mineral structures are captured in analog satellite images and then processed.
2. Test wafers containing mineral samples are used as resonators to filter the infrared signals from the satellite images. The detected objects are then visualized and their contours transferred onto maps.
3. Key steps include radiation-chemical processing of the images around the test wafers, chemical processing of exposed x-ray film to develop the detected objects, and using high-tension pulses to visualize and map the contours. Analytic data is then processed to characterize the detected deposits.
The document describes the principles of operation and first results of SMOS, a satellite mission to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity. It discusses the basic principles of synthetic aperture radiometry used by SMOS and describes the MIRAS instrument, including its array topology, receivers, digital correlator system, and calibration system. It also addresses instrument performance metrics like angular resolution and radiometric sensitivity. Lastly, it discusses image reconstruction algorithms and geolocalization of retrieval products.
This document discusses remote sensing satellites and geo-imaging. It begins by describing different types of satellite orbits - LEO, MEO, and GEO. It then discusses remote sensing satellites and their applications in areas like agriculture, forestry, urban planning and more. Challenges in geo-imaging are also covered, such as the need for more powerful cameras to achieve high resolution from GEO orbits. Current and future Indian remote sensing satellite missions are outlined, including Cartosat-2 series, GISAT-1, a proposed first geo-imaging satellite, and future advanced geo-imaging satellites. Suggestions are made to develop advanced optical systems, detectors and sensors to meet increasing demands.
A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large coverage area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface and also have 24 hour view of a particular area.This will be very helpful to army,navy etc.,These factors make it ideal for satellite broadcast and other multipoint applications.Continuous monitoring is done and also cost effective in long term, risk-less.
1) The document analyzes optical water types in the Ligurian Sea using data from the REP10 cruise. It finds the sea contains multiple types, varying especially near coasts, rather than just Type III as assumed by current models.
2) Optical profiles from the cruise were processed to determine water types based on Jerlov's classifications. Types were mapped using satellite data and by interpolating in-situ measurements.
3) The analysis shows the solar radiation scheme in ocean models needs redefining as the Ligurian Sea contains differing water types, not just Type III as currently assumed. Future work should collect more open-sea data for improved interpolation.
ESA SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Mission: Principles of Operation ...adrianocamps
SMOS basic principles and description of some products developed at the SMOS Barcelona Expert Center.
Disclaimer: these materials were prepared for Eduacational purposes only.
1. The document describes a method for remote sensing of the Earth using satellite imagery to detect minerals. Infrared signals from minerals are captured in satellite images and then processed.
2. Images are resonance processed using test wafers that are exposed to radiation along with the satellite images. This allows signals from specific minerals to be filtered and visualized.
3. Objects are then detected on x-ray film after chemical processing and visualized on a map. Deposit parameters like coordinates, depths and sizes are then analyzed and included in a report for the customer.
1. The document describes a method for remote sensing of the Earth using satellite imagery to detect minerals. Infrared signals from minerals are captured in satellite images and then processed.
2. Images are resonance processed using test wafers that are exposed to radiation along with the satellite images. This allows signals from specific minerals to be filtered and visualized.
3. Objects are then detected on x-ray film after chemical processing and visualized on a map. Deposit parameters like coordinates, depths and sizes are then analyzed and reported to customers.
Presentation made by Prof. Adriano Camps (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) at ICMARS 2010 (India, 16-December-2010) on the MIRAS instrument aboard ESA's SMOS mission.
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PACA assessing solar_radiation_data
1. High Spatial Resolution Solar Atlas In
Provence-Alpes-Côte d„Azur
(ISES Solar World Congress 2011)
Assessing Solar Radiation Data For
Large Scale Solar Energy Projects
Etienne Wey – TRANSVALOR S.A.
2. Introduction
2
Cartography of Solar Resource at different scales
Worldwide yearly sum of global horizontal irradiation map
(kWh/m2) from NWP re-analysises (res. ~ 50 km)
3500 kWh/m²
80
60
3000 kWh/m²
40
20
2500 kWh/m²
High resolution yearly sum of GHI map (kWh/m2)
0 2000 kWh/m²
for the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (res.
-20 200 m)
1500 kWh/m²
-40
Yearly sum of GHI map (kWh/m2)
for Europe from HelioClim databases
-60 1000 kWh/m²
(res. ~5 km, method Heliosat-2 applied to Meteosat images)
-80
500 kWh/m²
55
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
2400
2200
50
2000
1800
45
1600
1400
40
1200
1000
35
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
3. Introduction
3
Project main characteristics:
Based on HelioClim-3 satellite-based surface solar irradiation database
(based on Meteosat Second Generation: res. ~ 4 km, near real-time from 2004)
200 m resolution solar maps
Monthly and yearly sum of Irradiations
Long-term mean and (standard deviation)
Time series of monthly and yearly irradiations
PV and Solar Thermodynamic Applications
Global irradiations on typical tilted plans (e.g. for PV, thermal systems)
Direct Irradiation on typical tilted plans and in normal incidence (e.g. for CSP and CPV)
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
4. Introduction
4
The potential end-users and usages of a solar atlas:
Governmental and private actors
Geographical analysis of local solar potential
Sitting and sizing solar power plants
Advanced feasibility pre-studies based on geographical analysis
(before, for example, the local installation of a pyranometer station)
Individual
High resolution map suitable for sizing small individual solar systems
(small PV system, solar water heating systems, etc)
Accurate and well-presented solar maps are concrete and instructive for
everybody (e.g. education) to promote solar energy
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
5. Increase the spatial resolution of
HelioClim-3
5
Intra-pixel (HC-3) effects of the relief
Use of the relief database SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)
Spatial resolution of 100 m
Localization Accuracy better than 10 m
Effect of the optical depth variations of the atmosphere
(Abdel Wahab et al., 2008)
Shadow effects respectively for the diffuse and direct components of the
global irradiation (Ruiz-Arias et al., 2010)
Local calibration of irradiation estimation with on-ground
pyranometric measurements
Calibration of the global horizontal irradiation (GHI)
Calibration of the parametric experimental model of global/diffuse
decomposition
Modeling of uncertainty from the calibration residue analysis
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
6. Shadows effects on solar
irradiation
6
Example : Annot
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
7. The meteorological stations for
the HelioClim calibration
7
29 Météo France ground stations
Mostly hourly and daily GHI data
The three meteorological stations
for the project (RSP)
One year renting (CSP Service)
(spin-off of the German Aerospace, DLR)
global and diffuse irradiations on
horizontal plan (sampling : 10 min)
(+ temperature and humidity)
RSP : accurate system and robust
with respect to
dust
misalignments
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
8. « Raw* » HelioClim-3:
monthly GHI estimation errors
8 NDATA MREF MBE MAE RMSE CC
Monthly sums of GHI
1269 months 132.2 kWh/m2 5.3 % 7.5 % 10.1 % 0.992
(Reference: MF stations)
* “Raw” HC3:
• No correction of
orography effects
• No local calibration
RMSE
MBE <0
MBE >0
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
10. Example of high resolution
irradiation map
10 Map of yearly sums of GHI (mean between 2004 –2010)
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
11. Example of high resolution
irradiation map
11 Map of yearly sums of DNI (mean between 2004 –2010)
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
12. Applications from the solar atlas
12
Ranking maps to determine “best” potential solar sites
SOLAR
ATLAS PACA
« Geophysial »
conditions analysis
Exclusion maps Best
creation
potential
Electrical grid analysis
(source points « Ranking maps »
sites
localisation) creation identification
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
13. Exclusion maps
13
• Lakes
• Floodplain
• Agriculture, forests, cities,…
• Natural preservation zones
• Slope over 15% (or 20% if south oriented)
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
14. Exclusion maps
14
35% of the initial surface
remains after application of
the exclusion zones
Natural preservation zones
Forests
Floodplains
High slope values
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
17. Ranking maps – Criteria 3
17
Nature parks
Value Rank
Natural park 10
Other 20
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
18. Ranking maps – Final
18
Final global ranking map including:
Distance to source points
Irradiation
Nature parks
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
19. Potential best sites ranking map
19
Final map to assess the “best” sites potential:
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
20. Finalising the solar radiation data
assessment for a specific site
20
Installation of an irradiation measurement ground station on site for 6
to 12 month (need to “catch” the maximum variation during the year)
Calibration of the satellite irradiation data from the measure
Creation of Typical Meterological Year time series (P50, P90) to
estimate the solar energy project yield
Verify the site irradiation variability if larger than satellite pixel size
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
21. Conclusion - 1
21
High resolution Solar Atlas
Resolution: 200 m
HelioClim-3 database (res. 4 km, period: 2004 - 2010)
Shadow effects estimated from the DEM SRTM
Local calibration with ground pyranometric stations
Monthly sum of global and direct irradiation on different tilted plan
Uncertainties estimated from statistical analysis of the calibration residue
w.r.t. pyranometric ground stations
Monthly sum of global irradiation: bias < 1 %, RMSE ~ 5 % (~7 kWh/m2)
Monthly sum of direct normal irradiation: bias < 1 %, RMSE ~8 % (~12.5
kWh/m2)
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011
22. Conclusion - 2
22
Creation of a potential “best” sites map
Exclusion zones based mainly on land cover and Digital Elevation Model
Ranking maps based on :
Distance from electricity grid source points
Yearly mean irradiation value (specific to the technology of interest – PV, CPS, CSP)
Societal acceptability of the zone (Natural park,…)
Fine local assessment for the site
Installation of an irradiation measurement ground station
Calibration of the satellite data with the ground station
Creation of TMY time series (P50, P90) to calculate the solar energy project
yield
Estimation of the local variation of irradiation is site is large
Solar Atlas for the Mediterranean Stakeholder Workshop Nov. 1st, 2011