This document provides an overview of chemistry, including what chemistry is, why it is studied, the states and changes of matter, different types of chemistry, research in chemistry, how chemistry affects us, the history of alchemy and its transition to modern chemistry, and the scientific method. Chemistry is the study of matter and its changes. It deals with both living and non-living things. There are different branches of chemistry including organic, inorganic, biochemistry, analytical, and physical chemistry. The scientific method is used in chemistry research and involves making observations, hypotheses, experiments, analysis and developing theories.

1. Chemistry Chapter 1 What is Chemistry?

2. What is CHEMISTRY? Science Research/ Experiments Medicine Chemicals Farming/ Fertilizers

3. Why study CHEMISTRY? To help examine the world around us Career opportunities To be an informed citizen

4. What is matter ? Anything that has mass and takes up space

5. Chemistry The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes Deals with both living and non-living States of matter: solid, liquid, gas Changes of state: melt, freeze, condense

6. Types of Chemistry Organic Inorganic Biochemistry Analytical Physical

7. Types, defined Organic – study of carbon containing chemicals Inorganic – study of chemicals that do not contain carbon Biochemistry – study of the processes that take place in organisms Analytical – study of the composition of matter Physical – study of the mechanism, rate and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

8. Research Basic/ Pure Chemistry Applied Macroscopic vs Microscopic

9. Research, defined Basic/ Pure Chemistry – pursuit of knowledge for its own sake Applied – research directed toward a practical goal/ use/ application; technology & money Macroscopic vs Microscopic

10. How are we affected by CHEMISTRY? Energy Kinetic vs Potential Medicine Agriculture Agriculture Environment

11. Alchemy WHO? Original chemists 400 BCE - China and India 8 th century CE – Spain and Europe WHAT? Mystical Practical

12. Alchemy Mystical Alchemy Focused on changing common metals into the perfect metal of gold WHY? Practical Alchemy Developed techniques for working with glass, metals, dyes Developed processes for separating mixtures and purifying substances Designed equipment – beakers, funnels, flasks

13. Past Alchemy 1500-1600 England Moved away from alchemy to explaining through experimental evidence Lavoisier Father of modern chemistry French, late 1700’s Changed chemistry from a science of observation to a science of measurement

14. Scientific Method Logical, systematic approach Steps: Identify the problem Make observations Make hypothesis Experiment/ test hypothesis Analyze results Develop theories What is a hypothesis? What do we do if out idea is incorrect? Why? Why do we repeat experiments?

15. Scientific Method Hypothesis educated guess, proposed explanation for an observation Independent Variable Variable you change/ manipulate Dependent variable Variable that we observe, responds to changes Theory Well-tested explanation for a set of observations, after an experiment has been repeated numerous times with the same results Law Summary of the results of many observations and experiments A law does not try to explain the relationship it describes, that is the job of a theory

16. Problem Solving Analyze Identify the given and unknown Make a plan Calculate Do the math Evaluate Does you answer make sense? Are your units correct?

17. Think About… How can a theory change? Why is collaboration so important? What is a practical use of collaboration? How do scientists collaborate? Why should you estimate an answer when problem solving?