The document discusses road pavement materials and construction. It describes the main materials used which are aggregates and asphalt or cement as binders. It provides details on types of pavement construction including flexible pavement using asphalt and rigid pavement using cement. It also discusses specifications and testing of aggregate materials and asphalt types used in pavement construction.
The document discusses asphalt engineering and pavement design. It provides an overview of the history and composition of asphalt, the production process, types and applications. It also describes testing methods used to analyze asphalt properties and quality, including tests for asphalt binders and emulsions. Key topics covered include Superpave specifications, mixture design, pavement structure, and functions of asphalt pavement.
This document discusses sustainability in road construction. It notes that road construction requires large amounts of materials like aggregates and fuel for transportation and production, which causes high energy consumption and emissions. It also causes issues with waste generation from old pavements. The document then discusses different techniques for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation like reconstruction, overlaying, and recycling. It focuses on full depth recycling (FDR) techniques, providing details on the suitability of roads, types of binders used, the construction process, and mix design process for FDR using cement or bitumen stabilization. FDR can help reduce material consumption and waste generation compared to other techniques.
The document discusses materials used in bituminous bound pavements. It describes aggregates, types of bitumen including penetration grade bitumens and cutbacks, and asphalt concrete. It also covers mix design methods like Marshall and Hveem, and construction processes for asphalt concrete pavements and surface dressings. Laboratory tests discussed include penetration, ductility, viscosity, and aggregate shape tests.
The weekly report summarizes activities from site visits and trainings. On May 14, the group observed soil, asphalt, and concrete testing rooms at AACRA and learned about testing procedures and equipment operation. On May 16, the group visited the Legetafo site where black cotton soil was being excavated to a depth of 1.6m for a 60m long section of roadwork. Rock was also discovered during excavation. On May 21, the group visited the Balderas site where a 1km long road with a 20m span was under construction, including a retaining wall, water segregation, and base course preparation to a thickness of 25mm. Trainees names were signed and the report was
This document discusses materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, asphalt, tar, cement, and steel reinforcement. It describes aggregates as a coarse particulate material used in construction that serves as reinforcement. It also summarizes different tests conducted on materials, such as aggregate impact value, polished stone value, and ductility tests. Finally, it provides an overview of asphalt mix design, noting its objectives are to determine a cost-effective blend of aggregates and binder that meets specifications and provides sufficient stability, voids, workability, and skid resistance.
This document provides an overview of materials used for road construction including soils, aggregates, and binders. It discusses the necessary testing of these materials to determine quality, suitability, and prevent construction faults. Specific materials are described in detail such as soils, aggregates like sand and gravel, and binders like cement and different types and grades of bitumen. Refining and manufacturing processes for bitumen and asphalt are outlined. Important tests for materials are highlighted.
The document summarizes the requirements and specifications for aggregates and bituminous materials used in asphalt pavement construction. It outlines the particle size distribution and quality requirements for coarse and fine aggregates. It also describes different types of bituminous binders used like asphalt cement, cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt and their properties and applications. Specifications from AASHTO and DPWH are referenced.
This document provides an overview of pavement engineering, including definitions of flexible and rigid pavements, pavement materials like asphalt and concrete, and distresses that can occur. Pavement engineering involves studying materials, structural analysis, design, maintenance, and management systems. Pavements are designed based on serviceability to provide a comfortable ride. Flexible pavements use layers of asphalt and granular materials, while rigid pavements use concrete slabs. Selection and testing of aggregate materials is also covered.
The document discusses asphalt engineering and pavement design. It provides an overview of the history and composition of asphalt, the production process, types and applications. It also describes testing methods used to analyze asphalt properties and quality, including tests for asphalt binders and emulsions. Key topics covered include Superpave specifications, mixture design, pavement structure, and functions of asphalt pavement.
This document discusses sustainability in road construction. It notes that road construction requires large amounts of materials like aggregates and fuel for transportation and production, which causes high energy consumption and emissions. It also causes issues with waste generation from old pavements. The document then discusses different techniques for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation like reconstruction, overlaying, and recycling. It focuses on full depth recycling (FDR) techniques, providing details on the suitability of roads, types of binders used, the construction process, and mix design process for FDR using cement or bitumen stabilization. FDR can help reduce material consumption and waste generation compared to other techniques.
The document discusses materials used in bituminous bound pavements. It describes aggregates, types of bitumen including penetration grade bitumens and cutbacks, and asphalt concrete. It also covers mix design methods like Marshall and Hveem, and construction processes for asphalt concrete pavements and surface dressings. Laboratory tests discussed include penetration, ductility, viscosity, and aggregate shape tests.
The weekly report summarizes activities from site visits and trainings. On May 14, the group observed soil, asphalt, and concrete testing rooms at AACRA and learned about testing procedures and equipment operation. On May 16, the group visited the Legetafo site where black cotton soil was being excavated to a depth of 1.6m for a 60m long section of roadwork. Rock was also discovered during excavation. On May 21, the group visited the Balderas site where a 1km long road with a 20m span was under construction, including a retaining wall, water segregation, and base course preparation to a thickness of 25mm. Trainees names were signed and the report was
This document discusses materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, asphalt, tar, cement, and steel reinforcement. It describes aggregates as a coarse particulate material used in construction that serves as reinforcement. It also summarizes different tests conducted on materials, such as aggregate impact value, polished stone value, and ductility tests. Finally, it provides an overview of asphalt mix design, noting its objectives are to determine a cost-effective blend of aggregates and binder that meets specifications and provides sufficient stability, voids, workability, and skid resistance.
This document provides an overview of materials used for road construction including soils, aggregates, and binders. It discusses the necessary testing of these materials to determine quality, suitability, and prevent construction faults. Specific materials are described in detail such as soils, aggregates like sand and gravel, and binders like cement and different types and grades of bitumen. Refining and manufacturing processes for bitumen and asphalt are outlined. Important tests for materials are highlighted.
The document summarizes the requirements and specifications for aggregates and bituminous materials used in asphalt pavement construction. It outlines the particle size distribution and quality requirements for coarse and fine aggregates. It also describes different types of bituminous binders used like asphalt cement, cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt and their properties and applications. Specifications from AASHTO and DPWH are referenced.
This document provides an overview of pavement engineering, including definitions of flexible and rigid pavements, pavement materials like asphalt and concrete, and distresses that can occur. Pavement engineering involves studying materials, structural analysis, design, maintenance, and management systems. Pavements are designed based on serviceability to provide a comfortable ride. Flexible pavements use layers of asphalt and granular materials, while rigid pavements use concrete slabs. Selection and testing of aggregate materials is also covered.
Lec 09 Pavement Design (Transportation Engineering) Hossam Shafiq I
This document provides an overview of pavement engineering, including definitions of flexible and rigid pavements, pavement materials like asphalt and concrete, and design considerations. Pavements are designed based on serviceability to provide a comfortable ride. Flexible pavements use layers of asphalt and granular materials over a subgrade, while rigid pavements use a concrete surface over a granular base. Aggregates are an important material and their properties like gradation and durability influence mix design. Pavements are monitored for distresses and maintenance needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on subgrade stabilization methods for concrete pavements. It discusses the role of the subgrade in pavement performance and outlines various treatment options including removal and replacement, compaction, geotextiles, chemical stabilization using lime and cement. The presentation provides details on laboratory testing and construction steps for lime and cement stabilization, including mixing, compaction, curing and quality control. Subgrade stabilization improves the strength and uniformity of the subgrade for use as a construction platform and structural layer.
The document discusses the use of mineral fillers and dust additives to increase the strength of road pavements by densifying the graded mixture. It describes various types of mineral fillers including finely powdered limestone, slag, hydrated lime, Portland cement, and fly ash. The mineral filler reduces the void content in the mixture. Bituminous materials and asphalt are also discussed as binders used for road construction aggregates. Different types of bituminous binders include cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt, oxidized asphalt, and road tar. Various tests for evaluating the properties and performance of bituminous binders are outlined.
This document discusses the use of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) in wearing courses. SMA was developed in Germany in the 1960s as a rut-resistant asphalt mixture. It contains a high amount of coarse aggregate that forms an interlocking skeleton filled with bitumen and mineral filler. The document reviews the materials and mix design requirements for SMA, including aggregate properties, bitumen grade, and volumetric mix design parameters. It discusses the advantages of SMA in providing durability and resisting rutting and deformation, as well as some potential disadvantages like increased costs. A literature review covers past research on using various fillers and additives in SMA mixes.
This document discusses cement, including its composition, manufacturing process, types, storage, field and laboratory tests. Cement is produced by burning and crushing limestone and clay. The main steps are mixing raw materials, burning at high temperatures, and grinding the resulting clinker along with gypsum. Common cement types include ordinary Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement, and colored cement. Proper storage and testing ensures the quality and performance of cement.
An Experimental Investigation on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete with t...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures. Concrete cubes were cast with cement replaced by fly ash, marble powder, bagasse ash, and combinations of fly ash and marble powder at levels from 0-30% by weight. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and results were compared to a control mix. Compressive strength was found to generally increase up to 15% replacement, then decrease with further replacement, with fly ash and bagasse ash providing higher strengths than marble powder or their combination.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
- Asphalt cement is used as a binder for bituminous pavements and comes in various grades based on its hardness. Cutback or liquid asphalt contains asphalt cement mixed with liquid distillates to make it less viscous. Emulsified asphalt involves dispersing asphalt cement in water.
- Various tests are conducted on bituminous binders to determine properties like consistency, durability, and reaction to heat. A satisfactory asphalt pavement results from mixing heated aggregates and asphalt binder and compacting while hot. Excessive loads can cause deflection and cracking in pavements over time leading to failure.
The document provides an overview of asphalt surfacing types and their application, covering basic asphalt principles like mix design and production, the uses and types of asphalt including dense graded asphalt and stone mastic asphalt, and guidance on treatment selection for different traffic and road conditions. The goal is to help participants develop an understanding of asphalt design, practice, and selection of the appropriate surfacing type.
The document provides an overview of asphalt surfacing types and their application, covering basic asphalt principles like mix design and production, the uses and types of asphalt including dense graded asphalt and stone mastic asphalt, and guidance on treatment selection for different traffic and road conditions. The goal is to help participants develop an understanding of asphalt design, practice, and selection of the appropriate surfacing type.
Concrete aggregates make up 70-75% of concrete by volume and influence its properties like strength, durability, and economy. Aggregates are classified based on source, petrological characteristics, unit weight, and size. Their shape, surface texture, grading, and mineral composition affect workability and bonding. Aggregates provide mass to resist loads, act as a filler, and reduce volume changes during curing. Proper sampling and testing ensures aggregates meet specifications for use in concrete.
Cement is produced by burning a mixture of siliceous, argillaceous and calcareous materials at high temperatures. Ordinary Portland cement is the most commonly used type and is used for general construction. Cement solidifies when mixed with water through a chemical reaction to form a strong concrete material. There are various types of cement suited for different purposes based on their properties and ability to resist chemicals, acids, fire or water.
This document provides information about slag cement and its use in concrete applications. It discusses the production of slag cement, its chemical and physical properties compared to portland cement, benefits of using slag cement such as improved workability, strength, and durability. It provides examples of projects that have used slag cement concrete mixtures with replacement rates ranging from 20-50% and achieved strength gains. Contact information is also provided for follow up questions.
Concrete Superiority and Resilience characteristics in Construction.pptJohnSundarrajCIVIL1
Concrete is composed of cement, sand, aggregate, admixtures, and water. The document discusses the specifications and testing requirements for each ingredient in detail. Cement can be various grades and types and must meet strength and chemical requirements. Fine aggregate is sand that meets grading, impurity, and moisture standards. Coarse aggregate size and grading depends on the application and must be durable, free of debris. Admixtures are allowed but must meet quality specifications. The concrete ingredients and mixing are carefully controlled to achieve the desired properties.
Highway Materials: Desirable Properties, Testing Procedures, Standards, and standard values relating to Soil, Stone Aggregates, Bitumen and Tar, fly- ash/pond-ash. Role of filler in Bituminous mix, materials of filler.
Specifications of DLC and PQC for rigid pavement
This document discusses materials used in highway construction. It outlines seven major materials: bituminous materials, soil, aggregates, Portland cement concrete, admixtures, pavement marking materials, and structural steel. For each material, it provides details on composition, properties, and relevant tests used for evaluation and quality control of the material. Key tests discussed include moisture content value, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion value, and specific gravity and water absorption.
Road construction pavements flexible rigidKumarS250747
This document discusses different types of road pavements and their construction. It describes flexible pavements like earthen, gravel and bituminous roads which deform under loading. Rigid pavements like cement concrete roads are also discussed, which act like beams and have high strength. Construction details are provided for soil stabilized roads, water bound macadam roads and cement concrete roads. Tests for materials and compaction requirements are mentioned.
The document discusses different types of pavements used for road construction including unsurfaced, surfaced, flexible, and rigid pavements. It provides details on the materials, design principles, properties, and construction procedures for various pavement types. These include earthen roads, gravel roads, water bound macadam roads, and cement concrete roads. The key components, types of joints, and construction methods for cement concrete pavements are also summarized.
This document discusses the importance and characteristics of aggregates used in concrete. It states that aggregates make up 60-75% of concrete by volume and influence its properties. Fine aggregates are generally sand smaller than 5mm, while coarse aggregates are gravel or crushed stone between 5mm and 37.5mm. The document outlines various aggregate characteristics that are important for concrete, such as grading, shape, strength, and durability. It emphasizes that the right aggregates are crucial for producing high quality concrete.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
Lec 09 Pavement Design (Transportation Engineering) Hossam Shafiq I
This document provides an overview of pavement engineering, including definitions of flexible and rigid pavements, pavement materials like asphalt and concrete, and design considerations. Pavements are designed based on serviceability to provide a comfortable ride. Flexible pavements use layers of asphalt and granular materials over a subgrade, while rigid pavements use a concrete surface over a granular base. Aggregates are an important material and their properties like gradation and durability influence mix design. Pavements are monitored for distresses and maintenance needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on subgrade stabilization methods for concrete pavements. It discusses the role of the subgrade in pavement performance and outlines various treatment options including removal and replacement, compaction, geotextiles, chemical stabilization using lime and cement. The presentation provides details on laboratory testing and construction steps for lime and cement stabilization, including mixing, compaction, curing and quality control. Subgrade stabilization improves the strength and uniformity of the subgrade for use as a construction platform and structural layer.
The document discusses the use of mineral fillers and dust additives to increase the strength of road pavements by densifying the graded mixture. It describes various types of mineral fillers including finely powdered limestone, slag, hydrated lime, Portland cement, and fly ash. The mineral filler reduces the void content in the mixture. Bituminous materials and asphalt are also discussed as binders used for road construction aggregates. Different types of bituminous binders include cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt, oxidized asphalt, and road tar. Various tests for evaluating the properties and performance of bituminous binders are outlined.
This document discusses the use of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) in wearing courses. SMA was developed in Germany in the 1960s as a rut-resistant asphalt mixture. It contains a high amount of coarse aggregate that forms an interlocking skeleton filled with bitumen and mineral filler. The document reviews the materials and mix design requirements for SMA, including aggregate properties, bitumen grade, and volumetric mix design parameters. It discusses the advantages of SMA in providing durability and resisting rutting and deformation, as well as some potential disadvantages like increased costs. A literature review covers past research on using various fillers and additives in SMA mixes.
This document discusses cement, including its composition, manufacturing process, types, storage, field and laboratory tests. Cement is produced by burning and crushing limestone and clay. The main steps are mixing raw materials, burning at high temperatures, and grinding the resulting clinker along with gypsum. Common cement types include ordinary Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement, and colored cement. Proper storage and testing ensures the quality and performance of cement.
An Experimental Investigation on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete with t...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures. Concrete cubes were cast with cement replaced by fly ash, marble powder, bagasse ash, and combinations of fly ash and marble powder at levels from 0-30% by weight. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days and results were compared to a control mix. Compressive strength was found to generally increase up to 15% replacement, then decrease with further replacement, with fly ash and bagasse ash providing higher strengths than marble powder or their combination.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
- Asphalt cement is used as a binder for bituminous pavements and comes in various grades based on its hardness. Cutback or liquid asphalt contains asphalt cement mixed with liquid distillates to make it less viscous. Emulsified asphalt involves dispersing asphalt cement in water.
- Various tests are conducted on bituminous binders to determine properties like consistency, durability, and reaction to heat. A satisfactory asphalt pavement results from mixing heated aggregates and asphalt binder and compacting while hot. Excessive loads can cause deflection and cracking in pavements over time leading to failure.
The document provides an overview of asphalt surfacing types and their application, covering basic asphalt principles like mix design and production, the uses and types of asphalt including dense graded asphalt and stone mastic asphalt, and guidance on treatment selection for different traffic and road conditions. The goal is to help participants develop an understanding of asphalt design, practice, and selection of the appropriate surfacing type.
The document provides an overview of asphalt surfacing types and their application, covering basic asphalt principles like mix design and production, the uses and types of asphalt including dense graded asphalt and stone mastic asphalt, and guidance on treatment selection for different traffic and road conditions. The goal is to help participants develop an understanding of asphalt design, practice, and selection of the appropriate surfacing type.
Concrete aggregates make up 70-75% of concrete by volume and influence its properties like strength, durability, and economy. Aggregates are classified based on source, petrological characteristics, unit weight, and size. Their shape, surface texture, grading, and mineral composition affect workability and bonding. Aggregates provide mass to resist loads, act as a filler, and reduce volume changes during curing. Proper sampling and testing ensures aggregates meet specifications for use in concrete.
Cement is produced by burning a mixture of siliceous, argillaceous and calcareous materials at high temperatures. Ordinary Portland cement is the most commonly used type and is used for general construction. Cement solidifies when mixed with water through a chemical reaction to form a strong concrete material. There are various types of cement suited for different purposes based on their properties and ability to resist chemicals, acids, fire or water.
This document provides information about slag cement and its use in concrete applications. It discusses the production of slag cement, its chemical and physical properties compared to portland cement, benefits of using slag cement such as improved workability, strength, and durability. It provides examples of projects that have used slag cement concrete mixtures with replacement rates ranging from 20-50% and achieved strength gains. Contact information is also provided for follow up questions.
Concrete Superiority and Resilience characteristics in Construction.pptJohnSundarrajCIVIL1
Concrete is composed of cement, sand, aggregate, admixtures, and water. The document discusses the specifications and testing requirements for each ingredient in detail. Cement can be various grades and types and must meet strength and chemical requirements. Fine aggregate is sand that meets grading, impurity, and moisture standards. Coarse aggregate size and grading depends on the application and must be durable, free of debris. Admixtures are allowed but must meet quality specifications. The concrete ingredients and mixing are carefully controlled to achieve the desired properties.
Highway Materials: Desirable Properties, Testing Procedures, Standards, and standard values relating to Soil, Stone Aggregates, Bitumen and Tar, fly- ash/pond-ash. Role of filler in Bituminous mix, materials of filler.
Specifications of DLC and PQC for rigid pavement
This document discusses materials used in highway construction. It outlines seven major materials: bituminous materials, soil, aggregates, Portland cement concrete, admixtures, pavement marking materials, and structural steel. For each material, it provides details on composition, properties, and relevant tests used for evaluation and quality control of the material. Key tests discussed include moisture content value, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion value, and specific gravity and water absorption.
Road construction pavements flexible rigidKumarS250747
This document discusses different types of road pavements and their construction. It describes flexible pavements like earthen, gravel and bituminous roads which deform under loading. Rigid pavements like cement concrete roads are also discussed, which act like beams and have high strength. Construction details are provided for soil stabilized roads, water bound macadam roads and cement concrete roads. Tests for materials and compaction requirements are mentioned.
The document discusses different types of pavements used for road construction including unsurfaced, surfaced, flexible, and rigid pavements. It provides details on the materials, design principles, properties, and construction procedures for various pavement types. These include earthen roads, gravel roads, water bound macadam roads, and cement concrete roads. The key components, types of joints, and construction methods for cement concrete pavements are also summarized.
This document discusses the importance and characteristics of aggregates used in concrete. It states that aggregates make up 60-75% of concrete by volume and influence its properties. Fine aggregates are generally sand smaller than 5mm, while coarse aggregates are gravel or crushed stone between 5mm and 37.5mm. The document outlines various aggregate characteristics that are important for concrete, such as grading, shape, strength, and durability. It emphasizes that the right aggregates are crucial for producing high quality concrete.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Giuseppe Colangelo, Jean Monnet Professor of European Innovation Policy, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by Tim Capel, Director of the UK Information Commissioner’s Office Legal Service, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by Katharine Kemp, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law & Justice at UNSW Sydney, was made during the discussion “The Intersection between Competition and Data Privacy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 13 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/ibcdp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
Why Psychological Safety Matters for Software Teams - ACE 2024 - Ben Linders.pdfBen Linders
Psychological safety in teams is important; team members must feel safe and able to communicate and collaborate effectively to deliver value. It’s also necessary to build long-lasting teams since things will happen and relationships will be strained.
But, how safe is a team? How can we determine if there are any factors that make the team unsafe or have an impact on the team’s culture?
In this mini-workshop, we’ll play games for psychological safety and team culture utilizing a deck of coaching cards, The Psychological Safety Cards. We will learn how to use gamification to gain a better understanding of what’s going on in teams. Individuals share what they have learned from working in teams, what has impacted the team’s safety and culture, and what has led to positive change.
Different game formats will be played in groups in parallel. Examples are an ice-breaker to get people talking about psychological safety, a constellation where people take positions about aspects of psychological safety in their team or organization, and collaborative card games where people work together to create an environment that fosters psychological safety.
This presentation by Nathaniel Lane, Associate Professor in Economics at Oxford University, was made during the discussion “Pro-competitive Industrial Policy” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/pcip.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
2. Bahan perkerasan jalan
• Perkerasan jalan adalah segala jenis material
konstruksi yang dihampar dan dipadatkan di atas
lapisan tanah dasar
• Konstruksi perkerasan jalan:
– Perkerasan lentur/flexible pavement
• Agregat, sebagai tulangan
• Aspal, sebagai pengikat
– Perkerasan kaku/rigid pavement
• Agregat, sebagai tulangan
• Semen, sebagai pengikat
• Uji terhadap bahan:
– Jenis bahan
– Keadaan fisik bahan
– Kualitas bahan
3. • Konstruksi jalan:
– Tanah dasar, merupakan tanah yang dipadatkan,
baik dari hasil galian maupun timbunan.tanah
dasar memberi bentuk jalan
– Lapis pondasi, terdiri dari lapisan pondasi atas dan
pondasi bawah. Distribusi beban dan kekuatan
struktur ditentukan pada lapisan ini
– Lapis permukaan, merupakan lapisan yang kontak
langsung dengan beban (roda kendaraan). Sudah
termasuk lapis aus. Lapisan ini harus kuat, juga
stabil dan memiliki daya tahan yang cukup kuat.
10. Pemilihan Agregat
• Agregat yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan
perkerasan jalan tergantung dari :
– tersedianya bahan setempat
– mutu bahan
– bentuk/jenis konstruksi yang digunakan
11. Pemeriksaan/penelitian
laboratorium
1. Ukuran dan gradasi (size and grading)
2. Kekerasan/keausan (toughness)
3. Ketahanan terhadap pelapukan (soundness)
4. Daya pelekatan terhadap aspal (affinity for asphalt)
5. Bentuk butir (shape)
6. Susunan/bentuk permukaan (surface texture)
7. Daya absorpsi (absorption)
8. Kebersihan (cleaness)
9. Berat jenis (specific gravity)
12. Penggolongan Agregat
Berdasarkan Gradasi
a. Agregat bergradasi pekat/rapat (dense-
graded)
b. Agregat bergradasi renggang/terbuka (open
graded)
c. Agregat bergradasi seragam (single
size/uniform graded)
d. Agregat bergradasi halus (fine graded)
e. Agregat bergradasi celah (gap-graded)
19. Definisi:
• Asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present
in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is most commonly
modeled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase and maltenes as
the continuous phase (though there is some disagreement amongst chemists
regarding its structure). In U.S. terminology, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the
carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils.
Outside North America, the product is called bitumen.
Wikipedia
• Asphalt is a dark brown-to-black cement-like material obtained by petroleum
refining and containing bitumens as the predominant component. Bitumen is a
generic term for natural or manufactured black or dark-colored solid, semisolid,
or viscous cementitious materials that are composed mainly of high-molecular
weight hydrocarbons. The term includes tars and pitches derived from coal.
Asphalt is used primarily for road construction and roofing materials due to its
remarkable waterproofing and binding properties. The hard surfaces of roads, for
example, depend on the ability of asphalt to cement together aggregates of stone
and sand.
Encyclopedia of Earth
20. Klasifikasi Aspal
Berdasarkan Sumber Dan Penggunaannya
ASPAL
Aspal Buatan
(petrolueum asphalt)
Asphaltic Base Crude Oli
Parafin Base Crude Oli
Mixed Base Crude Oli
Aspal Keras atau Aspal Panas
(AC, asphalt cement)
Aspal Cair (cut back)
Rapid Curing (AC+benzene)
Medium Curing (AC+kerosene)
Slow Curing (AC+minyak berat)
Aspal Emulsi (AC+air+asam/basa)
Cathionic/Anionic Rapid Setting
Cathionic/Anionic Medium Setting
Cathionic/Anionic Slow Setting
Aspal Alam
(Native Asphalt)
Lake Asphalt (Trinidad Lake)
Rock Asphalt (Perancis,
Swiss, Pulau Buton)
21. 0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
-
Kehilangan Berat, %
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
Kelarutan pada trichloroethene, %
232
232
232
219
177
163
Titik Nyala (C)
40
50
60
80
140
220
Penetrasi (25C, 100 gr, 5 detik)
400
350
300
250
175
125
Viskositas, 135C (275F),Cs, Min
4000 800
3000600
2000 400
1000 200
500100
250 50
Viskositas, 60C (140F), poises
AC-40
AC-30
AC-20
AC-10
AC-5
AC-2.5
Nilai Viskositas
Berdasarkan Nilai Viskositas
-
100
-
100
-
75
-
50
-
-
Daktilitas setelah kehilangan berat
-
40
-
46
-
50
-
54
-
58
Penetrasi setelah kehilangan berat
1.5
-
1.3
-
1.0
-
0.8
-
0.8
-
Kehilangan berat, %
-
99
-
99
-
99
-
99
-
99
Kelarutan pada trichloroethele, %
-
100
-
100
-
100
-
100
-
100
Daktilitas (25C, 5 cm per menit)
-
177
-
218
-
232
-
232
-
232
Titik Nyala (Cleveland Open), C
300
200
150
120
100
85
70
60
50
40
Penetrasi (25C, 100 gr, 5 detik)
max
min
max
Min
max
min
max
min
max
min
200-300
120-150
85-100
60-70
40-50
Nilai Penetrasi
Berdasarkan Nilai Penetrasi
Klasifikasi Aspal
Menurut AASHTO
24. Pengujian-Pengujian
Karakteristik Aspal
1. Pengujian Penetrasi
2. Pengujian Daktilitas
3. Pengujian Titik Lembek
4. Kepekaan Aspal terhadap Perubahan Suhu
5. Pengujian Viskositas
6. Pengujian Titik Nyala dan Titik Bakar
7. Pengujian Berat Jenis
8. Hilang dalam Pemanasan
9. Penyulingan Aspal Cair
10. Kadar Air dalam Minyak Bumi dan Bahan yang
Mengandung Bitumen
11. Kelekatan Aspal dalam Batuan
27. log PEN T2
log PEN = AT + K
log PEN T1
log PEN (dmm)
T (oC)
T2
T1
K
A
log Viskositas
(cSt)
Suhu (oC)
log (170 20)
log (280 30)
Suhu pemadatan Suhu pencampuran
Hubungan Suhu dan Viskositas Aspal
Hubungan Suhu dan log Pen Aspal
28. Temperature Susceptibility
Persamaan dasar:
logP = AT + K
A = (log pen T1 – log pen T2)/(T1 – T2)
A = (log pen T1 – log 800)/(T1 – SP)
A 0,015 sampai 0,06
Persamaan PI:
50 A = (20 – PI)/(10 + PI)
PI = (1952 – 500 log pen – 20SP)/(50log pen – SP – 120)
?
33. Jenis Aspal vs Penggunaan
AC-40
AC-20
AC-10
AC-5
AR-8000
AR-4000
AR-2000
60-70
85-100
120-150
200-300
RS-1
RS-2
MS-1,
HFMS-1
MS-2,
HFMS-2
MS-2h,
HFMS-2h
HFMS-2s
SS-1
CRS-2
CMS-2
CMS-2h
CSS-1
70
250
800
250
800
3000
Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures
Asphalt Concrete and
Hot Laid Plant Mix
Pavement Base and Surfaces
Highways X X X X X7 X X X X X7 X X X X X7
Airports X X X X X X X X
Parking Areas X X X X X X X X X
Drivewas X X X X X X
Curbs X X X
Industrial Floors X X X X X X
Blocks X X X
Groins X X X X X X
Dam Facings X X X X X X
Canal and Reservoar Linings X X X X X X
Cold-Laid Plant Mix 10
Pavement Base and Surfaces
Open-Graded Aggregate X X X X
Well-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X X X X
Patching, Immediate Use X X X X X
Patching, Stockpile X X X X
Mixed-in-Place (Road Mix) 10
Pavement Base and Surfaces X X X X X X X X
Open-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X X
Well-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X
Sand X X X X X X X X X
Sandy Soil X X X X X X X X X X
Patching, Immediate Use X X X X
Patching, Stockpile
Recycling
Hot-Mix X X X X X X X X X
Cold-Mix 10 X X X X X X X X X X X X
Asphalt-Aggregate Applications
Surface Treatments
Single Surface Treatment X X X X X X X X
Multiple Surface Treatment X X X X X X X X
Aggregate Seal X X X X X X X X X X
Sand Seal X X X X X
Slurry Seal X X X X
Asphalt Applications
Surface Treatments
Fog Seal X5 X2 X2 X2 X2
Prime Coat X16 X1 X1 X1 X1 X1 X X X
Tack Coat X X2 X2 X X2 X2
Dust Laying X5 X2 X2 X2 X2 X X X X X
Mulch X2 X2
Membrane
Canal and Reservoar Linings X X
Embankment Envelopes X X X X X X
Crack Fillings
Asphalt Pavements X3 X3 X3 X3
Portland Cement Concrete
Pavements X4 X4 X4
1 Mixed-in Prime Only 5 Diluted with water by the manufacturer 8 Before using MC's for spray applications (other than prime coats) check with local pollution control agency
2 Diluted with water 6 MS-2 only 9 Emulsifed asphalts shown are AASHTO and ASTM grades and may not include all grades produced in all geographical areas
3 Slurry mix 7 For use in cold climates 10 Evaluation of emulsified asphalt-aggregate system required to determine the proper grade of emulsified asphalt to use
4 Rubber asphalt compounds
Anionic
AR-16000
Viscosity Graded
-Original
AR-1000
Cationic
SS-1h
CRS-1
CSS-1h
40-50
Viscosity Graded
-Residue
Penetration Graded
Type of Construction
30
3000
Medium Curing
(MC) 8
Emulsified Asphalts 9 Cutback-Asphalts
Rapid Curing
(RC) 8
Asphalt Cements
70
AC-2.5
34. Spesifikasi Bitumen
(Japan Road Association)
Penetration Grade 60 - 80 80 - 100 100 - 120 120 - 150
Penetration (25o
C, 100g, 5 sec) 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120 120 – 150
Softening Point o
C 44.0 – 52.0 42.0 – 50.0 40.0 – 50.0 38.0 – 48.0
Ductility (15o
C) min. cm 100 100 100 100
Loss on Heating maz. % (1) 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
Retained Penetration after Heating min. % 80 80 75 (3) 70
Penetration Ratio adfter Heating maz. % (2) 110 110 - -
Loss of Weight after Thin Film Oven Test maz. % (1) 0.6 0.6 - -
Retained Penetration after Thin Film Oven Test min. % 55 50 - -
Solubility in Carbon Tetrachloride min. % 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5
Flash Point (Cleaveland) min. o
C 260 260 210 210
Specific Gravity (25o
C/25o
C) min. 1.000 1.000 - -
Note :
1) In some cases, the test will be resulted in weight increase.
2) Penetration ratio after heating (%) =
stirred
thoroughly
sample
the
on
heating
after
n
Penetratio
sample
the
of
stirring
any
withou
heating
after
n
Penetratio
3) It is desirable for asphalts having more than 47.5oC softening point, percentage of retained penetration exceeds 80.
4) As for asphalts of penetration grade 60 – 80 and 80 –100, it is necessary to inform the Kinematic-viscosity
measurement results at the temperature of 120o
C, 140o
C, 160o
C and 180o
C respectively. For the penetration grades
100 – 120, 120 – 150, not only the viscosity-temperature relationship the specific gravity – temperature relationship is
also needed.
36. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 1
1a. Gradasi Menerus (skematis)
Ukuran
Butir
Proporsi
Grafik
Komulatif
Ilustrasi Gradasi
Ilustrasi Setting
- Prinsip Interlocking
- Sifat Kaku
- Kebutuhan Aspal Sedang
Grafik
37. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 2
1b. Gradasi Menerus (ilustrasi visual)
Potongan campuran Bentuk Briket Marshall
38. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 3
2a. Gradasi Senjang (skematis)
Ukuran
Butir
Proporsi
Grafik
Komulatif
Ilustrasi Gradasi
Ilustrasi Setting
- Prinsip Suspensi Mortar
- Sifat Lentur
- Kebutuhan Aspal Tinggi
Grafik Ukuran
yang
hilang
39. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 4
2b. Gradasi Senjang (ilustrasi visual)
Potongan campuran Bentuk Briket Marshall
40. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 5
3a. Gradasi Seragam (skematis)
Ukuran
Butir
Proporsi
Grafik
Komulatif
Ilustrasi Gradasi
Ilustrasi Setting
- Prinsip Max Tekstur Makro
- Sifat Kasar
- Kebutuhan Aspal Khusus
Grafik
Dominasi
Ukuran
41. Gradasi vs Sifat Perkerasan 6
3b. Gradasi Seragam (ilustrasi visual)
Permukaan campuran Bentuk Briket Marshall
42. Rongga dalam Campuran 1
Agregat
Aspal
Rongga
Ilustrasi Umum
Berat Volume
X
Y
Vx = X/(SGagregat x air)
Vy = Y/(SGaspal x air)
Vr = Vtotal – (Vy + Vx)
0
Vtotal
Wtotal
43. Rongga dalam Campuran 2
Aspal
Rongga
VMA, VIM, VFB/VFA
VMA
VIM
Kadar
Aspal
Absorbed
Agregat
VFB
45. Specific Gravity 2
Apparent, Bulk & Effective SG
Apparent SG:
Rongga Permeable diisi bitumen sebanyak air yang bisa
mengisinya
Bulk SG:
Rongga Permeable tidak terisi bitumen sama sekali
Effective SG:
Rongga Permeable terisi bitumen sebanyak bitumen
yang bisa mengisinya
49. Perkerasan Daur-ulang
• Perbaikan terhadap struktur perkerasan lentur pada prinsipnya
mencakup: pelapisan ulang (overlaying), daur-ulang (recycling)
dan rekonstruksi (reconstruction). Material dari perkerasan yang
rusak (deteriorated) yang dikenal sebagai Perkerasan Aspal yang
Diundang Kembali atau Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP),
sebagian atau seluruhnya digunakan pada konstruksi baru.
Diambil
Digelar &
dipadatkan
RAP Material
Segar
Aspal
+
Agregat
+
1: Eksisting 2: Pengambilan 3: Pencampuran 4: Penghamparan Kembali
50. Jenis Proses Daur-ulang
• Hot in-Place Recycling
(Daur-ulang Panas di Lokasi)
• Cold in Place Recycling
(Daur-ulang Dingin di Lokasi)
• Hot Central Plant Recycling
(Daur-ulang Panas di Kilang)
• Cold Central Plant Recycling
(Daur-ulang Dingin di Kilang)
53. Hot Central Plant Recycling
Daur-ulang Panas di Kilang
Sumber: Fujian South Highway Machinery Co., Ltd., Japan (2006)
RAP Feeding
Main Unit
Surge
Hopper
Drum
Mixer
54. Cold Central Plant Recycling
Daur-ulang Dingin di Kilang
Sumber: Public Work Deparment, Malaysia (2005)
55. Kelebihan Perkerasan Daur-ulang
• Mempersingkat gangguan yang
dirasakan pengguna
• Konservasi kebutuhan energi
• Preservasi kondisi lingkungan
• Memperkecil biaya konstruksi
• Konservasi kebutuhan material dasar
(agregat dan aspal)
• Preservasi geometri perkerasan eksisting