Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference, Economics of Infrastructure Investment.
Federal investment in physical capital, education, and research and development boosts private-sector productivity gradually, CBO estimates. The overall macroeconomic and budgetary effects of federal investment depend on how that spending is financed.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Brookings Institution’s Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Revenues and spending as a share of economic output have varied over business cycles as a result of both changes in legislation and automatic stabilizers. Automatic stabilizers are the automatic increases in revenues and decreases in outlays in the federal budget that occur when the economy strengthens, and the opposite changes that occur when the economy weakens.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Vision Strategic Planning Forum.
The Department of Defense’s estimates of the costs of the 2016 Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) exceed limits set forth in the Budget Control Act of 2011 by a total of $107 billion (in 2016 dollars) from 2017 to 2020. CBO projects a steep increase in acquisition costs starting in 2021, suggesting that weapons development and procurement is being deferred until beyond the FYDP period.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, to the Manpower Roundtable.
If the Congress rejects certain cost-saving proposals of the Administration that it has not accepted in the past, and if costs for weapon systems continue to rise as they have in the past, funding required to implement the Administration’s plans for the Department of Defense would exceed the funding caps set by the Budget Control Act of 2011 by $162 billion (in 2016 dollars) over the 2017–2020 period.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Peter G. Peterson Foundation’s 2016 Fiscal Summit.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to CBO’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference, Economics of Infrastructure Investment.
Federal investment in physical capital, education, and research and development boosts private-sector productivity gradually, CBO estimates. The overall macroeconomic and budgetary effects of federal investment depend on how that spending is financed.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Brookings Institution’s Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Revenues and spending as a share of economic output have varied over business cycles as a result of both changes in legislation and automatic stabilizers. Automatic stabilizers are the automatic increases in revenues and decreases in outlays in the federal budget that occur when the economy strengthens, and the opposite changes that occur when the economy weakens.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Vision Strategic Planning Forum.
The Department of Defense’s estimates of the costs of the 2016 Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) exceed limits set forth in the Budget Control Act of 2011 by a total of $107 billion (in 2016 dollars) from 2017 to 2020. CBO projects a steep increase in acquisition costs starting in 2021, suggesting that weapons development and procurement is being deferred until beyond the FYDP period.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, to the Manpower Roundtable.
If the Congress rejects certain cost-saving proposals of the Administration that it has not accepted in the past, and if costs for weapon systems continue to rise as they have in the past, funding required to implement the Administration’s plans for the Department of Defense would exceed the funding caps set by the Budget Control Act of 2011 by $162 billion (in 2016 dollars) over the 2017–2020 period.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Peter G. Peterson Foundation’s 2016 Fiscal Summit.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to CBO’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at Living Cities: City Accelerator Cohort on Public Infrastructure.
The federal budget shows the subsidy costs of federal loans and loan guarantees for infrastructure and other purposes. Some proposals for new surface transportation programs involve establishing an entity to finance infrastructure investments. Even if such an entity is not officially a federal agency, its activities might be considered part of the federal budget.
Presentation by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Annual Conference of the National Federation of Municipal Analysts.
The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, which was signed into law on December 4, 2015, provided $281 billion in contract authority for surface transportation programs through 2020. But projected spending from the Highway Trust Fund exceeds its revenues. Under current law, CBO estimates that the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund will be able to meet obligations through 2021 and the Transit Account through 2020.
Some proposals involve establishing a new entity to finance infrastructure investments. However, even if such an entity is not officially a federal agency, its activity might be considered part of the federal budget.
Presentation on Capitol Hill in a Panel Discussion with Local Leaders, by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst, Budget Analysis Division, Congressional Budget Office
Presentation by Ben Page, CBO's Fiscal Policy Studies Unit Chief, at the National Tax Association 108th Annual Conference on Taxation.
CBO’s long-term budget projections generally reflect current law and estimates of future economic conditions and demographic trends. Those projections depend on estimates of the future paths of mortality rates, productivity, interest rates, and health care costs, among many other variables. To illustrate some of the uncertainty about long-term budgetary outcomes, CBO constructed alternative projections showing what would happen to the budget if those factors differed from the values used in the extended baseline.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst for CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 12th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Australian Treasury Research Institute's conference, Modelling for Public Policy Analysis: Emerging Trends and Future Directions.
If current laws governing federal taxes and spending did not change, the United States would face steadily increasing federal budget deficits and debt over the next 30 years, according to projections by CBO. As a result, CBO estimates, public debt would reach 145 percent of GDP by 2047, higher than any percentage previously recorded in the United States.
Federal tax and spending policies can affect the economy through their impact on federal borrowing, private demand for goods and services, people’s incentives to work and save, and federal investment, as well as through other channels. CBO has devoted significant effort to developing analytical tools that enable it to assess the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies and how such effects, or “macroeconomic feedback,” would affect the federal budget. CBO analyzes the economic effects of federal fiscal policies in current law as well as significant proposed changes in those policies.
Presentation by Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation.
One such report is the annual Budget and Economic Outlook, which is generally released each January and updated in August, and projects economic and budget outcomes under the assumption that current laws regarding federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. This presentation includes some key elements of those projections.
Presentation by Jeff Werling, Assistant Director, Macroeconomic Analysis Division, for the REALTOR® University Speaker Series.
In fiscal year 2016, for the first time since 2009, the federal budget deficit increased in relation to the nation’s economic output. The Congressional Budget Office projects that over the next decade, if current laws remained generally unchanged, budget deficits would eventually follow an upward trajectory—the result of strong growth in spending for retirement and health care programs targeted to older people and rising interest payments on the government’s debt, accompanied by only modest growth in revenue collections. Those accumulating deficits would drive debt held by the public from its already high level up to its highest percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) since shortly after World War II.
Presentation by Derek Trunkey, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the 91st Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association International.
The Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) operation and maintenance (O&M) account funds the department’s day-to-day operations ranging from equipment maintenance to health care. Over the past few decades, funding for O&M has been increased significantly, accounting for a growing share of DoD’s budget.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Seminar on Forecasting at George Washington University.
Under current law, CBO projects that economic activity will expand at a modest pace this year and then grow more slowly in subsequent years.
Presentation by David E. Mosher, Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Professional Services Council’s 2016 Vision Federal Market Forecast Conference.
Pressure on the Department of Defense’s budget in future years will come from external fiscal constraints as well as growth within the department in the costs of weapon systems, manpower, and operation and maintenance. Given those fiscal constraints, if those causes of growth are not addressed, DoD will have to reduce forces, the number of weapons it buys, or operations and readiness.
Presentation by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at Living Cities: City Accelerator Cohort on Public Infrastructure.
The federal budget shows the subsidy costs of federal loans and loan guarantees for infrastructure and other purposes. Some proposals for new surface transportation programs involve establishing an entity to finance infrastructure investments. Even if such an entity is not officially a federal agency, its activities might be considered part of the federal budget.
Presentation by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Annual Conference of the National Federation of Municipal Analysts.
The Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, which was signed into law on December 4, 2015, provided $281 billion in contract authority for surface transportation programs through 2020. But projected spending from the Highway Trust Fund exceeds its revenues. Under current law, CBO estimates that the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund will be able to meet obligations through 2021 and the Transit Account through 2020.
Some proposals involve establishing a new entity to finance infrastructure investments. However, even if such an entity is not officially a federal agency, its activity might be considered part of the federal budget.
Presentation on Capitol Hill in a Panel Discussion with Local Leaders, by Sarah Puro, Principal Analyst, Budget Analysis Division, Congressional Budget Office
Presentation by Ben Page, CBO's Fiscal Policy Studies Unit Chief, at the National Tax Association 108th Annual Conference on Taxation.
CBO’s long-term budget projections generally reflect current law and estimates of future economic conditions and demographic trends. Those projections depend on estimates of the future paths of mortality rates, productivity, interest rates, and health care costs, among many other variables. To illustrate some of the uncertainty about long-term budgetary outcomes, CBO constructed alternative projections showing what would happen to the budget if those factors differed from the values used in the extended baseline.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst for CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 12th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Australian Treasury Research Institute's conference, Modelling for Public Policy Analysis: Emerging Trends and Future Directions.
If current laws governing federal taxes and spending did not change, the United States would face steadily increasing federal budget deficits and debt over the next 30 years, according to projections by CBO. As a result, CBO estimates, public debt would reach 145 percent of GDP by 2047, higher than any percentage previously recorded in the United States.
Federal tax and spending policies can affect the economy through their impact on federal borrowing, private demand for goods and services, people’s incentives to work and save, and federal investment, as well as through other channels. CBO has devoted significant effort to developing analytical tools that enable it to assess the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies and how such effects, or “macroeconomic feedback,” would affect the federal budget. CBO analyzes the economic effects of federal fiscal policies in current law as well as significant proposed changes in those policies.
Presentation by Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation.
One such report is the annual Budget and Economic Outlook, which is generally released each January and updated in August, and projects economic and budget outcomes under the assumption that current laws regarding federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. This presentation includes some key elements of those projections.
Presentation by Jeff Werling, Assistant Director, Macroeconomic Analysis Division, for the REALTOR® University Speaker Series.
In fiscal year 2016, for the first time since 2009, the federal budget deficit increased in relation to the nation’s economic output. The Congressional Budget Office projects that over the next decade, if current laws remained generally unchanged, budget deficits would eventually follow an upward trajectory—the result of strong growth in spending for retirement and health care programs targeted to older people and rising interest payments on the government’s debt, accompanied by only modest growth in revenue collections. Those accumulating deficits would drive debt held by the public from its already high level up to its highest percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) since shortly after World War II.
Presentation by Derek Trunkey, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the 91st Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association International.
The Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) operation and maintenance (O&M) account funds the department’s day-to-day operations ranging from equipment maintenance to health care. Over the past few decades, funding for O&M has been increased significantly, accounting for a growing share of DoD’s budget.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Seminar on Forecasting at George Washington University.
Under current law, CBO projects that economic activity will expand at a modest pace this year and then grow more slowly in subsequent years.
Presentation by David E. Mosher, Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Professional Services Council’s 2016 Vision Federal Market Forecast Conference.
Pressure on the Department of Defense’s budget in future years will come from external fiscal constraints as well as growth within the department in the costs of weapon systems, manpower, and operation and maintenance. Given those fiscal constraints, if those causes of growth are not addressed, DoD will have to reduce forces, the number of weapons it buys, or operations and readiness.
Social Media for building a pipeline for health professionsDan Cohen
How do we use social media build a pipeline for a diverse health workforce? It starts with you - your network, your engagement with the social media tools that make that process easier. Oh, and use it to engage your peers, not so much the students. You'll get more done.
How do you make an inanimate object “smart”? You put a chip in it! And then you connect it to the global internet! These chips run what is typically called an embedded operating system – a Windows, unix or Linux variant, or something custom made. Because these chips are embedded in power grid equipment, medical equipment, appliances or even people, updates and patches are problematic. The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing at a rate 10-times that of standard computers. A typical hospital/clinic system may have 4-5 times as many smart connected medical devices as computers. The Dreaded Embedded refers to the proliferation of vulnerabilities associated with these devices. What are the security and privacy concerns of these devices? What about FDA and other regulatory compliance? And how do we deal with these devices as part of an information security program?
Jonas Modin, Concept Director på Wipcore pratar e-handelstänk och strategi för UX och design inom e-handel. Presentationen hör till Wipcores frukostföreläsning om UX, design och digital marknadsföring för e-handel från den 1 juni 2016. DU kan se videoupptagning från föreläsningen på https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQOEEsec9Ns
How 12 Business Leaders Got to the C-SuiteMashable
Facebook's Sheryl Sandberg worked for the U.S. Department of Treasury. IBM's Virginia Rometty was president of her sorority. Virgin's Richard Branson didn't fancy school.
We may not know what it's like to be worth billions of dollars or be chosen as Fortune's #1 most powerful businesswoman, but we can certainly learn from these C-suiters' paths to the top — and hey, at least dropping out of college doesn't preclude you from immense success.
Check out the infographic to learn what these 12 business movers and shakers did to get to the C-suite.
For more details: http://on.mash.to/13vrJYF
5 Common Mistakes That Could Kill Your Business Before You've Even StartedCarly Klineberg
A run down of the 5 most common mistakes startups make which can seriously harm their business further down the line, or even kill it. I've included tips of how to avoid these mistakes, as well as helpful links.
Creating the bigger picture - Die Designvision in agilen ProjektenSilke Kreiling
Agile Projekte leben von schnellen UX Design-Entscheidungen für akute Problemstellungen in interdisziplinären Sprints. Aber: das „Big Picture“, die intensive Beschäftigung mit übergeordneten Projektaspekten bleibt dabei oft auf der Strecke.
Hier hilft die „Designvision“. Sie ist dem agilen Prozess zeitlich vorgelagert, definiert das strategische-konzeptionelle „What“ und das visuelle „How“, an dem sich alle späteren Entscheidungen orientieren können. Sie visualisiert ein gemeinsames Zielbild im Projektteam, hilft bei der Kommunikation mit Stakeholdern und Entscheidern auf Kundenseite – und könnte somit ein Lösungsweg sein, die agile Dynamik mit dem notwendigen intensiven Nachdenken über komplexe UX-Problematiken zu verbinden.
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe 1Continuous Probl.docxdonnajames55
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
1
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
TO ACCOMPANY
ESSENTIALS OF ACCOUNTING FOR GOVERNMENTAL
AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS:
TWELFTH EDITION
Chapters 2 through 8 describe accounting and financial reporting by state and local
governments. A continuous problem is presented to provide an overview of the reporting
process, including preparation of fund basis and government-wide statements. The problem
assumes the government is using fund accounting for its internal record-keeping and then at
year-end makes necessary adjustments to prepare the government-wide statements. The
problem that follows is presented in the same order as the textbook (beginning with Chapters
3, and 4).
Each chapter requires the preparation of journal entries to record the events and transactions
of governmental, proprietary, or fiduciary funds. For the General Fund, use control accounts
for the budgetary accounts, revenues, expenditures and encumbrances. For all other funds,
use separate accounts for each type of revenue and expenditure/expense. At appropriate
stages, preparation of the fund and government-wide statements are required. The following
funds are included in this series of problems:
Governmental Funds
¾ General
¾ Special revenue—Street and Highway Fund
¾ Capital projects—City Hall Annex Construction Fund
¾ Debt service—City Jail Annex Debt Service Fund
¾ Debt service—City Hall Debt Service Fund
Proprietary Funds
¾ Internal service—Stores and Services Fund
¾ Enterprise—Water and Sewer Fund
Fiduciary Funds
¾ Private-purpose—Student Scholarship Fund
¾ Pension trust—Fire and Police Retirement Fund
Chapters 3 & 4
The Balance Sheets of the General Fund and the Street and Highway Fund of the City of
Monroe as of December 31, 2014, follow. These (beginning) balances have been entered in
the proper general ledger accounts, as of 1/1/2015.
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
2
CITY OF MONROE
General Fund Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash $502,000
Taxes receivable $210,000
Less: Estimated uncollectible taxes (42,000)
net 168,000
Interest and penalties receivable on taxes 5,200
Less: Estimated uncollectible interest and penalties (950)
net 4,250
Due from state government 210,000
Total assets $884,250
Liabilities, Deferred Inflows, and Fund Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 99,000
Due to other funds 27,000
Total liabilities 126,000
Deferred inflows – Property taxes 21,000
Fund equity:
Fund balance—assigned
(for outstanding encumbrances) $17,000
Fund balance—unassigned 720,250
Total fund balance 737,250
Total liabilities, deferred inflows and fund equity $884,250
CITY OF MONROE
Street and Highway Fund Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash $21,000
Investments 59,000
Due from state government 109,000
Total assets $189,000
Liabilities and Fund.
MICHIGAN We hope for It shall rise again bette.docxARIV4
MICHIGAN
"We hope for "It shall rise again
better things." from the ashes.'"'
FOUNDED 1701
INCORPORATED 1806
AREA (Square Miles) 137 .9
POPULATION 713,777
City of Detroit
Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2014
Michael E. Duggan, Mayor
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTORY SECTION
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL I-1
AUDITOR GENERAL’S LETTER I-9
LIST OF CITY OF DETROIT PRINCIPAL OFFICIALS I-10
CITY OF DETROIT ORGANIZATION CHART I-13
II. FINANCIAL SECTION
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 1
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (MD&A) (UNAUDITED) 7
BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
A. GOVERNMENT-WIDE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Statement of Net Position 39
Statement of Activities 40
B. FUND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Governmental Funds Financial Statements:
Balance Sheet 42
Reconciliation of the Balance Sheet of Governmental Funds
to the Statement of Net Position 43
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances 44
Reconciliation of the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and
Changes in Fund Balances of Governmental Funds to the
Statement of Activities 45
Enterprise Funds Financial Statements:
Statement of Net Position 46
Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Fund Net Position 50
Statement of Cash Flows 52
Fiduciary Funds Financial Statements:
Statement of Fiduciary Net Position 56
Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Position 57
Discretely Presented Component Units Financial Statements:
Combining Statement of Net Position 58
Combining Statement of Activities 60
C. NOTES TO BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 63
REQUIRED SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. BUDGET TO ACTUAL COMPARISON - GENERAL FUND:
Notes to Budget to Actual Comparison 161
Schedule of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance - Budget and Actual -
General Fund 162
B. EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS AND FUNDING PROGRESS:
Schedules of Funding Progress and Employer Contributions 166
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SECTION:
A. COMBINING NON-MAJOR GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Other Governmental Funds:
Combining Balance Sheet 173
Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances 174
Special Revenue Funds:
Combining Balance Sheet 176
Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances 178
Street Fund:
Combining Balance Sheet 180
Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances 181
Permanent Funds:
Combining Balance Sheet 182
Combining Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances 183
B. OTHER GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS BUDGETARY COMPARISON SCHEDULES:
Special Revenue Funds 184
Debt Servic ...
Susanne Greschner, chief of the Rhode Island Department of Revenue Division of Municipal Finance, describes her state’s Fiscal Stability Act and innovative fiscal transparency portal.
SRF Entries & T-accounts DUE FROMreference Account Ti.docxwhitneyleman54422
SRF Entries & T-accounts DUE FROMreference Account TitlesDebitsCredits CASH INVESTMENTS STATE GOV'Tbb23,000bb59,000bb107,0003-Ctype debit accounts in this columntype credit accounts in this column-4-C23,00059,000107,000TOTAL FUND BALANCEACCOUNTS PAYABLE (beginning of year)9,000bb180,000bb9,000180,000 REVENUES REVENUESEXPENDITURES - STREETINTERGOVERNMENTALINVESTMENT INTEREST& HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE---BUDGETARY ACCOUNTS BUDGETARYESTIMATED REVENUESAPPROPRIATIONSFUND BALANCE---BUDGETARY FUND BALANCE RESERVE FOR ENCUMBRANCESRESERVE FOR ENCUMBRANCESENCUMBRANCES-bb--Total Debits 189,000Total Credits189,000
&16City of Monroe &16
Street and Highway Fund - General Ledger
Closing Entries BUDGETARYAccount TitleDebitsCreditsFUND BALANCE-Preclosingclosing entry-FUND BALANCE180,000Preclosingclosing entry180,000ending balanceComplete the following tableNon-spendableRestrictedCommittedAssignedUnassignedTotalFund Balance-
&14City of Monroe &14
STREET & HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE FUND - Closing Entries
Stmt of revenues & expendituresRevenuesIntergovernmental RevenuesInterest on Investments Total Revenues$ -ExpendituresCurrent: Street & Highway Maintenance Total Expenditures-Excess (Deficiency) of Revenues Over Expenditures-Fund Balance, January 1Fund Balance, December 31$ -
&"Times New Roman,Regular"&14City of Monroe
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance
Street and Highway Maintenance Fund
For the year ended December 31, 2017
Balance SheetAssetsCashInvestmentsDue from State Government Total Assets$ -Liabilities and Fund EquityLiabilitiesAccounts PayableFund EquityFund Balance - Restricted for Street and Highway Maintenance Total Liabilities and Fund Equity$ -
&"Times New Roman,Regular"&14City of Monroe
Street & Highway Maintenance Fund
Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2017
General Fund Journal Entriesreference Account TitlesDebitsCredits3-Ctype debit accounts in this columntype credit accounts in this column4-C
&"Arial,Bold"&14City of Monroe - General Fund Journal Entries
General Fund T-accounts CASH ESTIMATED INTEREST & PENALTIESESTM' UNCOLLECTIBLE DUE FROMbb497,000TAXES RECEIVABLEUNCOLLECTIBLE TAXES RECEIVABLEINTEREST & PENALTIES STATE GOV'Tbb210,00037,000bbbb5,200950bbbb210,000210,00037,0005,200950210,000497,000 TAX ANTICIPATION DUE TO DUE TO DUE TO DEFERRED INFLOWSACCOUNTS PAYABLE NOTE PAYABLEOTHER FUNDSFEDERAL GOV'T STATE GOV'T - PROPERTY TAXES99,000bb-bb27,000bb-bbbb21,000bb99,000-27,000--21,000 TOTAL FUND BALANCE EXPENDITURESOTHER FINANCING (beginning of year)REVENUES CONTROL CONTROL USES CONTROL737,250bb-25-737,250---BUDGETARY ACCOUNTSESTIMATED OTHER BUDGETARYBUDGETARY FUND BALANCE ENCUMBRANCESESTIMATED REVENUESAPPROPRIATIONSFINANCING USESFUND BALANCE RESERVE FOR ENCUMBRANCESRESERVE FOR ENCUMBRANC.
The long-term costs of major health care programs: fiscal implications and pr...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Jessica Banthin, United States, at the 4th meeting of the Joint DELSA/GOV-SBO Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems, held in Paris on 16-17 February 2015.
delsa-gov-sbo-health-february-2015
1. (TCO A) Which of the following distinguishes governmental.docxdorishigh
1. (TCO A) Which of the following distinguishes governmental entities from nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations?
The power to enact and enforce a tax levy.
Absence of profit motive.
Resource providers do not expect benefits proportional to the resources provided.
Absence of a defined ownership interest that can be sold, transferred, or redeemed.
2. (TCO B)Expenditures are generally recorded and fund liabilities are recognized under which of the following?
When goods and services are received, but only if resources are available in the fund.
When purchases orders are issued, regardless of whether or not resources are available in the fund.
When goods and services are received, regardless of whether or not resources are available in the fund.
When the invoices are paid.
3. (TCO C) The general ledger journal entry in the General Fund to record actual expenditures and record the reversal of the associated encumbrance would include which of the following journal entry?
A debit to the Encumbrance Account.
A credit to the Encumbrance Account.
A credit to Budgetary Fund Balance—Reserve for Encumbrance Account.
A debit to the Accounts Payable account.
4. (TCO D) Which of the following is a true statement regarding the use of a Special Revenue Fund? (Points : 5)
Special Revenue Funds may be used when a government wishes to segregate income for specific purposes.
Special Revenue Funds may only be used when a substantial portion of the resources are provided by restricted or committed revenue sources.
Assigned resources can be accounted for in a Special Revenue Fund.
Once a Special Revenue Fund is established by the governmental entity, it will continue to be a Special Revenue Fund until all of the resources are exhausted.
5. (TCO B) Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the government-wide financial statements? (Points : 5)
The government-wide financial statements are not required to present prior-year data.
The government-wide financial statements include a Statement of Net Assets, Statement of Activities, and Statement of Cash Flows.
The government-wide financial statements include capital assets, include infrastructure, and reflect depreciation, except for the infrastructure using the modified approach.
All of the above are true.
6. (TCO D) A donor pledged $300,000 to thefund raising drive of a local government to assist its police officers in obtaining the latest technology. The pledge was made on July 17, 2011 but was conditioned on the government raising an additional $300,000 from other donors. By the fiscal year-end of June 30, 2012, the local government had raised only $6,000 from other donors. What entry would be made for the initial pledge by the local government during the year ended June 30, 2012? (Points : 5)
Debit a receivable account and credit deferr ...
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe 1Continuous Probl.docxmaxinesmith73660
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
1
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
TO ACCOMPANY
ESSENTIALS OF ACCOUNTING FOR GOVERNMENTAL
AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS:
TWELFTH EDITION
Chapters 2 through 8 describe accounting and financial reporting by state and local
governments. A continuous problem is presented to provide an overview of the reporting
process, including preparation of fund basis and government-wide statements. The problem
assumes the government is using fund accounting for its internal record-keeping and then at
year-end makes necessary adjustments to prepare the government-wide statements. The
problem that follows is presented in the same order as the textbook (beginning with Chapters
3, and 4).
Each chapter requires the preparation of journal entries to record the events and transactions
of governmental, proprietary, or fiduciary funds. For the General Fund, use control accounts
for the budgetary accounts, revenues, expenditures and encumbrances. For all other funds,
use separate accounts for each type of revenue and expenditure/expense. At appropriate
stages, preparation of the fund and government-wide statements are required. The following
funds are included in this series of problems:
Governmental Funds
General
Special revenue—Street and Highway Fund
Capital projects—City Hall Annex Construction Fund
Debt service—City Jail Annex Debt Service Fund
Debt service—City Hall Debt Service Fund
Proprietary Funds
Internal service—Stores and Services Fund
Enterprise—Water and Sewer Fund
Fiduciary Funds
Private-purpose—Student Scholarship Fund
Pension trust—Fire and Police Retirement Fund
Chapters 3 & 4
The Balance Sheets of the General Fund and the Street and Highway Fund of the City of
Monroe as of December 31, 2014, follow. These (beginning) balances have been entered in
the proper general ledger accounts, as of 1/1/2015.
Continuous Problem – City of Monroe
2
CITY OF MONROE
General Fund Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash $502,000
Taxes receivable $210,000
Less: Estimated uncollectible taxes (42,000)
net 168,000
Interest and penalties receivable on taxes 5,200
Less: Estimated uncollectible interest and penalties (950)
net 4,250
Due from state government 210,000
Total assets $884,250
Liabilities, Deferred Inflows, and Fund Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 99,000
Due to other funds 27,000
Total liabilities 126,000
Deferred inflows – Property taxes 21,000
Fund equity:
Fund balance—assigned
(for outstanding encumbrances) $17,000
Fund balance—unassigned 720,250
Total fund balance 737,250
Total liabilities, deferred inflows and fund equity $884,250
CITY OF MONROE
Street and Highway Fund Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash $21,000
Investments 59,000
Due from state government 109,000
Total assets $189,000
Liabilities and Fund.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, CBO’s Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis, and Teri Gullo, CBO's Assistant Director for Budget Analysis, to Congressional Staff.
CBO provides formal, written estimates of the cost of virtually every bill approved by Congressional committees to show how the bill would affect spending or revenues over the next 5 or 10 years, depending on the type of spending involved. In May, the Congress adopted a concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2016 that requires CBO, to the greatest extent practicable, to incorporate macroeconomic effects into its 10-year cost estimates for major legislation that Congressional committees approve. Such estimates must also include, when practicable, a qualitative assessment of the budgetary effects for the following 20 years. Incorporating such macroeconomic feedback into cost estimates is often called dynamic scoring. This presentation describes how CBO will prepare such estimates.
Similar to Overview of the Debt Limit and Extraordinary Measures (20)
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Presentation by Mark Hadley, CBO's Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, at the 2nd NABO-OECD Annual Conference of Asian Parliamentary Budget Officials.
Presentation by Daria Pelech, an analyst in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the Center for Health Insurance Reform McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University.
This slide deck highlights CBO’s key findings about the outlook for the economy as described in its new report, The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2024 to 2034.
Presentation by CBO analysts Rebecca Heller, Shannon Mok, and James Pearce, and Census Bureau research economist Jonathan Rothbaum at the American Economic Association Annual Meeting, Committee on Economic Statistics.
Presentation by Eric J. Labs, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the Bank of America 2024 Defense Outlook and Commercial Aerospace Forum.
Presentation by Elizabeth Ash, William Carrington, Rebecca Heller, and Grace Hwang of CBO’s Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis and Health Analysis divisions to the Children’s Health Group, American Academy of Pediatrics.
Presentation by Molly Dahl, Chief of CBO’s Long-Term Analysis Unit, at a meeting of the National Conference of State Legislatures’ Budget Working Group.
In the President’s 2024 budget request, total military compensation is $551 billion, including veterans' benefits. That amount represents an increase of 134 percent since 1999 after removing the effects of inflation.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Overview of the Debt Limit and Extraordinary Measures
1. Congressional Budget Office
Overview of the Debt Limit and
Extraordinary Measures
Presentation to Congressional Staff
October 16, 2015
Meredith Decker
Associate Analyst, Budget Analysis Division
This presentation provides information on the material published in Federal Debt and the Statutory Limit,
October 2015. See www.cbo.gov/publication/50888.
2. 1C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Introduction
■ Overview of the Debt Limit/Current Debt Limit
■ Components of the Debt Limit
■ Treasury Procedures and Extraordinary Measures
■ Cash Flows and Debt Issuance
■ CBO Estimate and Ramifications of Not Raising the Debt Limit
3. 2C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Overview of the Debt Limit
■ Limits federal borrowing
■ Around in some form since 1917
■ Modified 14 times since 2001
■ Raising the debt limit enables the government to pay the bills
it has already incurred; it does not, by itself, change future tax
or spending policies
4. 3C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Current Debt Limit
■ Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act (Public Law 113-83):
– Suspended the debt limit from February 15, 2014, through
March 15, 2015
– Reset limit to $18.113 trillion
■ Debt limit previously reset at $17.212 trillion after suspension
period expired on February 4, 2014
5. 4C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Recent Modifications to Debt Limit
6. 5C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Composition of Debt Limit
■ Outstanding debt subject to limit on October 8:
– $13.0 trillion in debt held by the public
– $5.1 trillion in debt held by government accounts
7. 6C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Debt Held by the Public
■ Consists mainly of securities issued by Treasury to raise cash to
fund government activities
■ Measures the cumulative net amount the federal government
has borrowed over time
■ Two types of securities:
– Marketable
– Non-marketable
8. 7C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Debt Held By the Public (cont’d)
9. 8C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Debt Held By Government Accounts
■ Government Account Series (GAS) securities
■ Represent internal transactions of the government (does not
affect the credit markets)
■ When a trust fund receives cash not immediately needed,
Treasury issues GAS securities
■ When trust fund expenses are greater than revenues, Treasury
redeems GAS securities
10. 9C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Debt Held By Government Accounts (cont’d)
■ Largest Holders (as of August 31, 2015)
– Social Security Trust Funds ($2.8 trillion)
– Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund ($731 billion)
– Military Retirement Fund ($534 billion)
– Medicare Trust Funds ($255 billion)
11. 10C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
When the Treasury Reaches the Debt Limit
■ Treasury issues a letter to Congress declaring a debt issuance
suspension period
■ Treasury employs extraordinary measures
■ Current debt issuance suspension period ends October 30
12. 11C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Extraordinary Measures
■ Suspend investments of the Thrift Savings Plan’s G Fund and
Exchange Stabilization Fund
■ Suspend the issuance of new securities and semiannual interest
payments to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund
(CSRDF) and Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund
■ Redeem early securities held by the CSRDF and Postal Benefits Fund
equal in value to expected benefit payments
■ Suspend issuance of State and Local Government (SLGS) securities
■ Exchange debt subject to limit for Federal Financing Bank (FFB) debt
13. 12C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Schedule of Cash Flows and Debt Issuance
■ The amount of debt accumulated depends on the size of the
deficit and internal government transactions throughout the
year
– Federal cash flows
– Debt issuance
14. 13C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Schedule of Federal Cash Flows
■ Regular large payments:
– Medicare
– Social Security
– Active duty pay and benefits, veterans’ benefits,
Supplemental Security Income
– Interest
■ Relatively steady deposits in October and November
15. 14C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Schedule of Debt Issuance
■ Treasury Auctions
– Bills: every Thursday
– Notes: 15th and last day of month
– Bonds: mid-month
– Inflation-protected securities: end of month
■ GAS Securities
– Dominated by trust funds
– Large interest payments in June and December to trust
funds
16. 15C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Exhausting the Extraordinary Measures and Cash Balance
■ CBO projects:
– Low cash balance in early November
– Exhaustion of extraordinary measures and cash in first half
of November
■ Exact date depends primarily on cash flows in next month
17. 16C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
If the Debt Limit is Not Raised and the Extraordinary
Measures Are Exhausted
■ Treasury not authorized to issue additional debt beyond the
amount of debt outstanding
■ Delay in payments for government activities
■ Possible default on debt obligations
■ Administration determines which obligations are paid
18. 17C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Sources
■ Congressional Budget Office, Federal Debt and Interest Costs (December 2010),
www.cbo.gov/publication/21960
■ Department of the Treasury, Daily Debt Subject to Limit Activity (October 2015),
http://go.usa.gov/3JQsA
■ Congressional Research Service, D. Andrew Austin, The Debt Limit Since 2011, Report for
Congress R43389 (October 1, 2015)
■ Government Accountability Office, Debt Limit: Analysis of 2011–2012 Actions Taken and Effect
of Delayed Increase on Borrowing Costs, GAO-12-701 (July 2012),
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-701
■ Government Accountability Office, Debt Limit: Market Response to Recent Impasses
Underscores Need to Consider Alternative Approaches, GAO-15-476 (July 2015),
www.gao.gov/ products/GAO-15-476
■ Congressional Research Service, D. Andrew Austin and others, Reaching the Debt Limit:
Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations, Report for Congress R41633
(Congressional Research Service, March 27, 2015)
■ Government Accountability Office, Debt Limit: Delays Create Debt Management Challenges
and Increase Uncertainty in the Treasury Market, GAO-11-203 (February 2011),
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-203