2. IDEAL SOLUTIONS, was established in 2007 by a group of Construction & Chemicals
professionals. The objective of the company is to provide its customers best possible
services based on the latest construction techniques for saving time, money and
misery. The well qualified teams behind the company posses rich experience of
carrying out numerous application projects. The marketing & sales division is
involved in sales of construction chemicals with technical back up to end users.
We believe that a small business serves its customer better than larger competitors
because we all meet directly with our customers and aren’t hidden away in a multi-
layered corporate structure. We hear about your problems, what’s working and
what’s not, and we get to know our customers better.
At IDEAL SOLUTIONS, we strive to deliver results, perform to highest standards,
develop our people, provide quality customer service and actively pursue consistent
durability improvements. The corporate philosophy of the company is based on
quality services for quality jobs with a clear understanding of the variations in the
clients’ requirements;
IDEAL SOLUTIONS tends to approach every project with an utmost flexibility. The
client is assisted at every stage with tailor made solutions using wherever possible,
readily available products. The underlying principle has always been to develop a
lasting business relationship that is mutually beneficial. This approach is the core
stone of the company’s success in the region, resulting in a reputation of impeccable
quality backed by unmatched services.
ABOUT THE COMPANY
IDEAL SOLUTIONS, is organized for excellence, with a clear mission and vision, the
determination and motivation to succeed. The company has always striven for
greater heights and greater achievements, offering services that continuously exceed
customers’ expectations, through excellent services and competitive prices in a
timely manner.
The company has seen dynamic growth and developed an outstanding reputation in
Pakistan for all the products and services we provide. Our approach has earned us an
image for quality service, integrity dependability and value for money approach.
Our determination to continue this dynamic growth, banking on solid infrastructure,
available financial and human resources and stable position holding in the market
makes us confident of our strengths to enhance organic growth.
OUR PHILOSOPHY
OUR VISION
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3. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Rana Imran Ahmad Khan
Rana Imran has a vast experience in the field of
construction chemicals. He has represented different
international companies in Pakistan
MANAGING DIRECTOR
WORDS OF CONFIDENCE
“The success story of IDEAL SOLUTIONS has been the blend of
skilled and efficient work force that has always worked extra
miles to meet the clients’ requirements in the most efficient and
cost effective manner. I am confident that my professionals are
the best in the industry.”
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4. OUR SERVICES
We have upgraded our company as a “Total Solutions Company” for our customers
busy in building construction and its maintenance. We have created some new
divisions in our company to fulfill the requirements of our customers.
WATERPROOFING BY CHEMICAL COATINGS
WATERPROOFING BY BITUMEN EMULSION COATINGS
WATERPROOFING BY BITUMEN MEMBRANES
PU FOAM INJECTIONS FOR WATER LEAKAGE
EPOXY INDUSTRIAL FLOORING SYSTEMS
PU INDUSTRIAL FLOORING SYSTEMS
PU / CR / ACRYLIC INDUSTRIAL PROTECTIVE COATINGS
PU / PS EXPANSION JOINT SEALING
SPALLED CONCRETE REPAIRS / HONEY COMBING REPAIRS
CHEMICAL ANCHORING / DOWEL FIXING
CORE / HAMMER CUTTING
CONCRETE RE-STRENGTHENING BY CARBON FIBERS
REINFORCED CONCRETE JACKETING
CONCRETE PROTECTION COATINGS
EPOXY INJECTIONS FOR CONCRETE CRACKS
BUILDING PAINTS / COLOR SCHEMES
BUILDING EXTERIOR COATINGS
CONCRETE WORKS / BUILDING RENOVATIONS
ANTI TERMITE TREATMENTS
BOARDS/ SHEETS/ PU FOAM HEAT INSULATIONS
CR / THERMOPLASTIC ROAD LANE MARKING
PARKING LANE MARKING
RUNWAY MARKING
SIGN BOARDS & ROAD SAFETY MATERIALS
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5. All structures require waterproofing – weather to keep water out (Basements), or to keep water in (reservoirs).
Waterproofing a structure is a critical element of its design and construction. Water infiltration and leakage damage
a building’s structure and its contents. Because of the damaging effect of water, one must pay particular attention
in selecting a quality waterproofing system and applicators to provide proper in place performance.
The best way to avoid the problem is through the proper design and careful selection of the waterproofing
system.
“WATERPROOFING”
“JOINT SEALING”
Joints are essential features of modern buildings and structures. They allow for shrinkage, contraction, expansion and
other movements which cause tensile or compressive stress. Shear movements, design tolerances and breaks
between phases of construction are also accommodated by joints. Joints can not be left open. Any kind of joint that
might be penetrated by wind, dirt, water or other undesirable material needs to be sealed.
After a building has been completed, joints are a small, usually unnoticed part of the whole. But if joints are not
properly designed and sealed against wind and weather, the result can lead to total failure of the structure- larger the
project, the greater the disaster.
If the sealing of exterior joints is concerned with keeping the elements out, interior joint sealing fulfils rather
different functions. In addition to ensuring a joint impenetrable to moisture, there are many other important
considerations: hygiene, acoustics, interior décor and finishes-there are even aspects of safety.
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6. Typical Causes
The many and varied causes of concrete ‘distress’ may be divided into two
distinct categories:
-attack on the concrete it self And…….. -those causing corrosion of
embedded reinforcing steel
Both can exacerbated by the shortcomings in the original construction
process.
“REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE”
CONCRETE DECAY
Visible Symptoms…..
The decay of reinforced concrete is now a common sight around the world , Symptoms can include: Cracking, Sapling,
Rusting of exposed steel reinforcement, Staining of concrete surfaces etc.
Affecting Concrete Itself…..
Attacks on concrete can be physical or chemical:
•Physical Attack includes
-Water erosion, Wind-borne sand erosion, abrasion by wheels, or machinery, impact damage, Overload, Fire,
Freezing and thawing cycles in colder climates etc.
•Chemical Attack includes:
-industrial spillage of aggressive chemicals, action of sulphates in ground water, internal crystal growth (in hot
climates), alkali-silica reaction (ASR),
Causing Corrosion Of Reinforcing Steel
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the most common reason for concrete distress. While many factors accelerate the
process, there are two fundamental mechanisms which cause the problem:
•Carbonation – the effect of carbon dioxide (and/ or other acidic gases) present in the atmosphere
•Chloride attack – the contaminating effect of chloride ions which may be present from one or more of the
following sources:
-marine or costal locations, -use of road de-icing salts, -within the concrete matrix as a result of the use of
contaminated raw materials during construction
Due To Poor Workmanship…..
The original construction process can be the source of
many problems. The most common reasons include
•Poor Concrete Mix Design
•Poor Placement of steel reinforcement and shuttering
•Inadequate Site Supervision during concrete
placement
•Inadequate Concrete Vibration – failure to ensure
proper compaction
•Poor Curing Techniques – failure to ensure full strength
gain
Decay Aggravated By Ambient Conditions
Each of the following will accelerate the mechanisms
of deterioration described above:
•Elevated temperatures, High humidity/rain,
Wet/dry cycling
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7. “REPAIR AND PROTECTION OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE”
REPAIR METHODS
Step 1: Remove the spalled concrete – Remove the concrete at the spalled areas to expose the corroded steel
bars.
Step 2: Clean and paint the corroded steel bars – Scrape and clean the exposed steel bars to remove the
rust by using a wire brush, and apply two coats of anti-rust paint to the steel bars.
Step 3: Patch – Apply a bonding agent to the affected surface before patching to ensure proper adhesion and
Patch up the hacked area using polymer modified cement mortar.
Step 4: Paint – Paint the area to match the rest of the ceiling.
EPOXY CRACK INJECTION KITS
The epoxy crack injection formula is another repair option for internal/ external small
concrete wall and floor cracks. With the epoxy crack injection formula, it not only
stops water from penetrating through the cracks once repaired it also has structural
advantages. Epoxy injection provides structural strength due to the bonding of the
concrete and epoxy material combination rather then just concrete, therefore the two
materials create a superior bonding agent makes them stronger. Just be aware if the
main structural damage is not initially resolved, this repair option is basically a waste
of time and money. That’s why it’s so important; to always seek advice before
attempting to repair concrete yourself.
Surface Sealer For Crack Injection
Most standard types of epoxy crack injection repair kits contain two parts, one jar is
the epoxy content and the other is a surface sealer product. Surface sealers as part
of an epoxy crack injection repair kit is an important formula which is applied after
the cracks have been filled which provide short and long term protection.
CEMENTOUS BASED CRACK INJECTION
A cementous crack injection is one of the more versatile repair methods for medium
to large concrete cracks and structural damages.
The mixing content is mainly made up of high ratio of portland cement along with
other small ratios of certain mixing materials and bonding agents that are poured into
injection equipments.
This method of crack injection is more often used by professionals for concrete walls
and floors that are severely cracked or have structural damage.
CARBON FIBER REINFORCEMENT
Carbon fiber sheets may be used to reinforce some wall and concrete failures. Carbon
fiber sheets are a form of pure polymerized carbon used as reinforcement in
composite materials employed in vehicles and aircraft combining very high tensile
strength with light weight and ease of deployment. Typically a carbon fiber sheet will
be pressed against the repair area (such as a basement wall bulging in from lateral
soil pressure) and bonded to the wall with epoxy. Some systems require attachments
to floor or ceiling, while others do not. The carbon fiber sheets are very thin and thus
non-obtrusive and may readily be painted over for an attractive finish.
REINFORCED CONCRETE JACKETING
Jacketing is one of the most frequently used techniques to strengthen reinforced
concrete (RC) columns. With this method, axial strength, bending strength, and
stiffness of the original column are increased. It is well known that the success of this
procedure is dependent on the monolithic behavior of the composite element. To
achieve this purpose, the treatment of the interface must be carefully chosen. The
common practice consists of increasing the roughness of the interface surface and
applying a bonding agent, normally an epoxy resin. Steel connectors are also
occasionally applied. These steps involve specialized workmanship, time, and cost.
Concerning the added concrete mixture and due to the reduced thickness of the jacket,
the option is usually a grout with characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and
highstrength concrete (HSC).
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8. Floors in industry and commerce are not just parts of a structure. Industrial floors are heavily exposed to
stress.
Many production processes and procedures take place on these floors. They are also exposed to industrial
chemicals.
On top of this, industrial floors also have to meet a variety of operational requirements. Slip Resistance,
Crack Bridging, Non-flammability, Conductivity, Aesthetics, Ease Of Maintenance, and, last but not least,
Long Life – these are just a few examples of the expectations for functional industrial floors.
“INDUSTRIAL FLOORING”
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CONCEPT
Every industrial floor consist of two elements;
Element 1, the base course, which always consists of the
structural reinforced concrete slab. The purpose of this
“load-bearing” course is to absorb or distribute static and
dynamic loads.
Element 2, the wearing course is the dominant part. The
wearing course protects the floor from physical and/or
chemical attack. The wearing course also has to meet the
individual operational demands.
Each element has its function, which is precisely defined.
An industrial Floor can not be high – quality unless both
the base course and the wearing course meet all of the
requirements.
9. Two factors are particularly important in the
construction or design of a high quality yet
economic industrial floor:
- The Operational Requirements
- The Selection, Analysis And Preparation Of A
Suitable Substrate.
To select the right coating system, both must be
examined in detail and coordinated. This is
the only way to ensure that the industrial
flooring meets the requirements of the
project – cost effective and just right for the
application.
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The application and the severity of the operational
requirements can vary widely. Below are a
few examples of typical exposures;
1. Mechanical Exposure From: - Pedestrian
and/or vehicular traffic, Low and light lift
trucks, Transport containers, such as pallets,
steel mesh boxes, containers, drums, reel
holders etc., Weight of
tools/products/machines, Abrasion, shock
and impact (broken glass etc)
2. Chemical Attack From: - Oil, greases,
Soluble salts, Alkalis, acids, Fuels, solvent,
Cleaning agents etc
3. Thermal Stress From: -Heat: Short term
by steam cleaning etc, Long term in specific
production areas. - Cold: Short term by
shock, open doors, etc, Long term in specific
production areas, cold storage etc.
4. Weathering, Mainly On External
Surfaces, From: - Sunlight, UV, Frost,
thermal shock, Rain.
5. Aesthetics - Colour, design/coding,
Coloured chips, Gloss/ Matt
6. Surface Texture - Smooth, Textured
7. Safety - Slip resistant, Electrically insulating,
conductive, Crack-bridging, Waterproof,
Non-flammable, Decontaminable, Colour
stable, Low – odour, environmentally
friendly, solvent free
8. Care And Maintenance: - Easy to clean,
Easy to repair, Overcoat able
9. Comfort - Insulating effect (warm),
Dampening effect, Sound deadening
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“INDUSTRIAL FLOORING”
Selection, Analysis And Preparation Of A
Suitable Substrate
The second and equally important factor in selection of a
suitable wearing course is the type of substrate and its
condition. Any wearing course can only be as good as its
base. If the load- bearing course or substrate is
defective even the best and most expensive wearing
course cannot improve it.
1. Base Courses/ Substrates
- Concrete
- Cement/granolithic screed/overlay
- anhydrite screed
- Magnesite screed
- poured asphalt
- old coatings
- Ceramic tiles
- Timber boards
- Steel
2. Location Of The Substrate
- Internal areas
- External exposed
- On garde /no d.p.m
- Risk of rising damp
- without insulation
3. Substrate Condition
- Age (new or old), Moisture content,
- surface profile
- Density
- Porosity
- Brittle
- Dehydrated
- Physical strength
- Compressive
- Pull-off
- surface harness
4. Contamination
- Dust, laitance
- Oils, greases
- Acids, alkalis
- Paints, plastics
- Fuels, solvents
5. Damages
- Shrinkage, isolation or settlement cracks
- Sapling, voids
- Roughness, erosion
- Joint damage, broken arises
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“BUILDING PAINTS / COLOR SCHEMES”
Just as an outfit can enhance or mar the image of a person, the quality
and visual appeal of painting can do the same for your home interiors.
Picking house paint colors isn't just difficult. It's terrifying! Pick colors that
are blah, and your house will seem flat and featureless. But if the colors
you pick are too bold, they might overwhelm the architecture... and upset
the neighbors. The best colors will highlight the most beautiful features of
your home. Skillful use of color can even disguise design flaws, boosting
the curb appeal and market value of your home. Additionally, the cost of
painting being so high, it is all the more important to take wise and
efficient decisions with regard to painting.
PREPARING FOR THE JOB
Ensure that the plaster on the walls is fully dried before the
commencement of the paint job.
In case, there is any seepage on the walls, ensure that the fault is fully
rectified.
Remove electric plates and cover all sockets & switches with tape.
Cover the floor with plastic sheeting to avoid paint spilling on the floor.
Ensure to use only high-quality POP material to provide a better base for
paint colours.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT PAINT
For most paint jobs, water-based paints are a good choice as they dry
faster.
Flat finishes are ideal in hiding minor imperfections on the wall surfaces,
but they don't have a shine.
Velvet finishes are ideal to enhance the visual appeal of your home
interiors and are easy to clean.
Glossy and semi-glossy finishes are also good options as they have a
durable finish and can easily withstand scrubbing.
Satin paints are excellent to give a warm and inviting look to your rooms.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT COLOUR
This may be the toughest choice as regards painting is concerned. While
choosing colours, it may be helpful to consult an interior designer, as the
choice of paint colour would set the theme for the complete interiors. You
would have to choose the colours of the upholstery and furniture
accordingly.
For ceilings, it is best to go in for light and sober shades as they give a
spacious look to the rooms. In fact, white and off-white are ideal shades
for ceilings. In case of wall colours, choice should be made on the basis of
age-group and personality of the inhabitants. For example, light pink can
be a great shade for a young girl's room. In case of boys, you can be
more experimental. All shades have specific effects on the moods of a
person:
•Blue and off-white are soothing shades.
•Shades of red can be stimulating for the mind.
•Orange is excellent for kitchen and dining room as it stimulates the
appetite.
•Using purple is a great way of creating a royal ambience.
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“EXTERIOR COATINGS”
Stucco or render is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water.
Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as a
coating for walls and ceilings and for decoration. Stucco may be used to
cover less visually appealing construction materials such as concrete, cinder
block, or clay brick and adobe.
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“TERMITE PROOFING”
Termites are a group of eusocial insects that, until recently, were classified
at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera but are now accepted as
the epifamily Termitoidae, of the cockroach order Blattaria. While termites
are commonly known, especially in Australia, as "white ants," they are not
closely related to true ants.
Like ants, some bees, and wasps—which are all placed in the separate
order Hymenoptera—termites divide labour among castes, produce
overlapping generations and take care of young collectively. Termites mostly
feed on dead plant material, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, soil, or
animal dung, and about 10 percent of the estimated 4,000 species (about
2,600 taxonomically known) are economically significant as pests that can
cause serious structural damage to buildings, crops or plantation forests.
Termites are major detritivores, particularly in the
subtropical and tropical regions, and their recycling of wood and other plant
matter is of considerable ecological importance.
As eusocial insects, termites live in colonies that, at maturity, number from
several hundred to several million individuals. Colonies use
decentralised, self-organised systems of activity guided by swarm
intelligence to exploit food sources and environments that could not be
available to any single insect acting alone. A typical colony contains nymphs
(semi-mature young), workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals of both
genders, sometimes containing several egg-laying queens.
Termite pre-treatment to new structures is one of the things that everybody
should do. It is so cheap, and so effective, when you compare it to post
construction treatments, but you'd be surprised as to how few buildings are
actually pre-treated. Wise and savvy architects always specify pre-
treatment, knowledgeable builders include it in every structure they erect,
and prospective buyers should demand it for any new house they buy or
build.
Pre-treatment is far better than post treatment. Post treatment (after you
get termites) is actually a "spot" treatment. You can drill a thousand holes,
but there will still be places you can't reach, no matter how hard the
exterminator tries. With a proper pre-treatment, the soil next to the
foundations is treated with a termiticide and is sealed in after the
foundations are in place.
As shown in the following pictures, treatment is applied during construction,
at certain times, depending on the type of structure. Properly treated
structures are sometimes able to resist termites for a much longer period of
time, and termiticides applied during construction are generally applied to
areas that are unavailable after construction is complete. This one fact
would tend to make pre-treatments preferable to post treatments.
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“HEAT INSULATIONS”
Thermal insulation is the reduction of the effects of the various
processes of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in
range of radiative influence. Heat is the transfer of thermal
energy between objects of differing temperature. The means to
stem heat flow may be especially engineered methods or
processes, as well as suitable static objects and materials.
Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact of objects of
differing temperature. Thermal insulation provides a means to
maintain a gradient of temperature, by providing a region of
insulation in which heat flow is reduced or thermal radiation is
reflected rather than absorbed.
In building construction, insulating materials are assigned a
quantitative measure of the insulating capability, called the R-
value.
The R-value is a measure of thermal resistance used in the
building and construction industry. Under uniform conditions it is
the ratio of the temperature difference across an insulator and
the heat flux (heat transfer per unit area, ) through it or .The R-
value being discussed is the unit thermal resistance. This is used
for a unit value of any particular material. It is expressed as the
thickness of the material divided by the thermal conductivity.
Maintaining acceptable temperatures in buildings (by heating and
cooling) uses a large proportion of global energy consumption.
When well insulated, a building:
•is energy-efficient, thus saving the owner money.
•provides more uniform temperatures throughout the space. There
is less temperature gradient both vertically (between ankle height
and head height) and horizontally from exterior walls, ceilings and
windows to the interior walls, thus producing a more comfortable
occupant environment when outside temperatures are extremely
cold or hot.
•has minimal recurring expense. Unlike heating and cooling
equipment, insulation is permanent and does not require
maintenance, upkeep, or adjustment.
Many forms of thermal insulation also reduce noise and vibration,
both coming from the outside and from other rooms inside a
building, thus producing a more comfortable environment.
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“HEAT INSULATIONS”
Some common roofing materials and their corresponding values for Thermal Conductance (C)
and Thermal Resistance (R) are shown in the following table.
R VALUE COMPARISON OF MATERIALS
Material Thickness In
Inches
C-Value R-Value
Metal N/A 0.000 0.00
Concrete 1.0 3.333 0.30
Gypsum 1.0 1.667 0.60
Wood 1.0 1.099 0.91
Tectum 1.0 0.500 2.00
Inside Air Film N/A 1.087 0.92
Outside Air Film - Summer N/A 4.000 0.25
Outside Air Film - Winter N/A 5.882 0.17
Vapor Retarders N/A 0.000 0.00
BUR Gravel N/A 2.941 0.34
BUR Smooth N/A 4.167 0.24
Fiberboard 1.0 0.360 2.78
Perlite 1.0 0.360 2.78
Phenolic Foam* 1.0 0.120 8.30
Fiber Glass 1.0 0.256 3.90
Polyisocyanurate 1.0 0.180 5.56
Polyisocyanurate Composite 1.5 0.240 4.17
Polystyrene Bead Board 1.0 0.280 3.57
Polystyrene Composite Board 1.5 0.301 3.32
Polystyrene - Expanded (EPS)** 1.0 0.260 3.85
Polystyrene - Extruded (XEPS)*** 1.0 0.200 5.00
Sprayed Polyurethane Foam**** 1.0 0.150 6.88
Cork 1.0 0.280 3.57
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“HEAT INSULATIONS”
Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) - Spray foam insulation is an expanding foam which is sprayed on concrete slabs
or on wall cavities of unfinished walls or through holes drilled into finished walls. The foam expands to fill bypasses
and resists air infiltration. Spray foam insulation can be used in small quantities to fill tight spaces while increasing
structural stability and providing sound insulation. Due to expansion, installation of SPF is not recommended in
closed cavities like stud walls with drywall, lath-and-plaster or sheetrock. Many spray foam products need to be
protected from sunlight and solvents and most can release toxic fumes when burning. R Value of many spray foam
insulation products will ultimately diminish and foam can shrink while curing if not applied at the correct
temperature.
Rigid Panels - All rigid panels are strong and lightweight and provide thermal and sound insulation. The panels are
water resistant and will not rot. It will protect the foundation and add to the structural strength of walls. Rigid panels
have a high R Value and works well in cramped or tight spaces. However, all panels are flammable and release toxic
fumes when burning. They are also vulnerable to damage from UV light and solvents, and can be used as termite
nests.
Structural Insulated Panels (SIP) - Also referred to as stressed-skin walls. They consist of plywood, strandboard
or drywall that is glued around a core of expanded polyurethane, polyisocyanurate , polystyrene, compressed wheat
straw or epoxy, and can be used for ceilings, floors, walls and roofs. These panels vary in thickness and are glued
together and secured with lumber. SIPs provide sound insulation and strength in a home and resist moisture, but are
more expensive than other insulation types.
Fiberglass Batts & Blankets - Typically made with 20 to 30 percent recycled industrial waste and similar post
consumer content. This material is not flammable, with the possible exception of its facing. Fiberglass blankets are
provided in continuous rolls while batts are precut. Blankets can cover joists and studs, as well as the space between
them but can be difficult to hang under floors between joists. Gaps between batts can defeat the purpose of the
insulation because they invite air infiltration or condensation.
Cotton Batts - Sometimes known as Blue Jean Batts. Cotton batts have a higher R Value than the average
fiberglass batts and are made with recycled content, no toxic substances. There is no risk of airborne fibers causing
cancer. Cotton batts are often difficult to cut to fit the cavity. Unlike cellulose or expanding foam, batts will not
totally seal the cavity against air transfer.
Loose Fill / Blown In Insulation (Including Cellulose) - Materials can be blown in to attics, finished walls and
tough to reach areas. The loose fill material can also be sprayed in with a water-based adhesive. It is
environmentally friendly, consisting of 80 percent recycled newspapers, and is less of a health hazard to the installer
than fiberglass. Loose fill insulation does not seal bypasses as effectively as foam. If materials are heavy, there is a
risk of sagging ceilings. Some of its effectiveness can diminish over time due to material settling.
Aerogels - High performing, low density material used for skylights, solariums. Aerogels provide the best form of
insulation using a combination of silica and carbon, allowing light to enter while absorbing heat from the sun.
Straw Bales - Compressed straw bales are being used more often in recent years due to a high R Value and low
cost. The effectiveness can be greatly reduced by moisture or air pockets.
Radiant Barriers - Effectively prevents the transfer of radiant heat, equally, in both directions. Types of radiant
barriers include foil or foil laminates. Foil backed bubble packs are thin and flexible and are often used as vapor
barriers for cold pipes, ducts and roof sheathing. Foil faced polystyrene panels are more flexible than rigid panels
and operate as a thermal break as well as a vapor barrier. These are used on roofs and should not be used to fill
cavities. Other radiant barrier methods can be as simple as light colored roofs and reflective paint, or metal roofs
made of aluminum or copper. R Value cannot be determined for radiant barriers.
MERITS & DEMERITS OF MATERIALS
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“LANE MARKING”
ROAD SURFACE MARKING is any kind of device or material that is used on
a road surface in order to convey official information. They can also be applied
in other facilities used by vehicles to mark parking spaces or designate areas
for other uses.
Road surface markings are used on paved roadways to provide guidance and
information to drivers and pedestrians. Uniformity of the markings is an
important factor in minimizing confusion and uncertainty about their meaning,
and efforts exist to standardise such markings across borders. However,
countries and areas categorize and specify road surface markings in different
ways.
Road surface markings are either mechanical, non-mechanical, or temporary.
They can be used to delineate traffic lanes, inform motorists and pedestrians or
serve as noise generators when run across a road, or attempt to wake a
sleeping driver when installed in the shoulders of a road. Road surface marking
can also indicate regulation for parking and stopping.
There is continuous effort to improve the road marking system, and
technological breakthroughs include adding reflectivity, increasing longevity,
and lowering installation cost.
A LANE is a part of the roadway (British: carriageway) within a road marked
out for use by single line of vehicles to the control and guide drivers so reduce
conflicts. Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in
each direction separated by Lane markings. Major highways often have two
roadways separated by a median, each with multiple lanes. A single-track
road carries traffic in both directions within a single lane with passing places to
allow vehicles to pass.
CR PAINT
Paint, sometimes with additives such as reflective glass beads, is generally
used to mark travel lanes. It is also used to mark spaces in parking lots or
special purpose spaces for handicap parking, loading zones, or time restricted
parking areas. Colors for these applications vary by locality. Paint is a low-cost
marking and has been in widespread use since approximately the early 1950s.
Paint is usually applied right after the road has been paved.
THERMOPLASTIC
One of the most common types of road marking based on its balance between
cost and performance longevity, thermoplastic binder systems are generally
based on one of three core chemistries: hydrocarbons, rosin esters or maleic
modified rosin esters (MMRE). Thermoplastic coatings are generally
homogeneous dry mixes of binder resins, plasticizers, glass beads (or other
optics), pigments, and fillers. Their use has increased over paints mainly due to
the performance benefits of increased durability, retro-reflectivity, and a lack of
VOC solvents.
Thermoplastic markings are applied using specially designed vehicles. The
thermoplastic mix is heated in trucks to about 200 °C (400 °F)before being fed
to the application apparatus. This is often a screed box or ribbon gun.
Immediately after the thermoplastic has been applied, glass beads are laid onto
the hot material so that they embed before the plastic hardens. These beads
provide initial retro-reflection. As the marking wears during use and the initial
beads are lost, the beads mixed with the binder are uncovered, providing long
term reflectivity. Most thermoplastic is produced in white and yellow colors.
17. www.idealsolutionspk.com
“RUNWAY MARKING”
According to ICAO a runway is "A defined rectangular
area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and
take-off of aircraft." Runways may be a man-made
surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or
a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel, ice, or salt).
There are runway markings and signs on most large
runways. Larger runways have a distance remaining sign
(black box with white numbers). This sign uses a single
number to indicate the thousands of feet remaining, so 7
will indicate 7,000 ft (2,134 m) remaining. The runway
threshold is marked by a line of green lights.
Airport runways and taxiways are consistently under
attack from the tires of landing airplanes, weather and
the myriad of operational vehicles. Proper pavement
markings in and around airports are essential for pilots
and vehicles.
IDEAL SOLUTIONS has highly durable paints and plural
component markings that provide clear guidance to both
aircraft and ground personnel. High friction surface
treatments assure pedestrian safety and vehicular
guidance on crosswalks and approaches to the terminal
areas.
It is crucial that markings need to be clearly visible to
the naked eye and all Instrument Landing Systems. The
purpose of airport runway and taxiway markings is to
increase visibility and decrease any potential runway
incursions.
18. PLOT NO.33, GATE D, STREET NO.10, I-9/2, ISLAMABAD, P.O.BOX. 788 ISLAMABAD
Mobile:0300-5080094, 0322-5064818, Tele:051-4101145, Fax:051-4101146
info@idealsolutionspk.com, idspk@live.com. www.idealsolutionspk.com
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