Light pollution is excessive or obtrusive artificial light at night that obscures views of stars and disrupts ecosystems. It has different types like skyglow and light trespass. Solutions include using fully shielded outdoor lighting fixtures that direct light downward. Noise pollution is unwanted human-created sound from sources like vehicles, aircraft and construction equipment that disrupts humans and wildlife. It can impact health, habitats and communication. Mitigation strategies aim to reduce noise at its source or increase distance between sources and receivers.

1. OTHER TYPES OF POLLUTION ABHISHEK KUMAR VIII-(B) ESSAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

7. Over-lighted Parking Areas and Commercial Establishments – Note the Glare Sag Lens (Cobra Head) Street Light Fixtures -- Especially Sodium Vapor 35% to 50% of all Light Pollution Comes from Streetlights Causes

10. Residential Property Owners & Builders On New Construction utilize fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures. On Existing Construction replace old fixtures with fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures. Cut off exterior lighting fixtures after midnight Where necessary, utilize fully shielded area lighting fixtures Residential Wall Mounted Lights SOLUTIONS Actions that can be taken to Reverse the Effects of Light Pollution

11. Turn-off signs and parking lot lighting fixtures after business hours Commercial Property Owners & Builders On Existing Sites replace old fixtures with fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures On New Construction utilize fully shielded exterior lighting fixtures. Reduce light levels on store fronts and in parking lots. Commercial Wall Mounted Fixtures More actions that can be taken to Reverse the Effects of Light Pollution Full Cut Off Parking Lot Fixtures

14. Sound pollution

19. An impact of noise on animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to extinction.

20. How is noise measured? Noise or sound is measured in decibels (dB). The typical sound levels measured in the surrounding are as follows: 140 ------------------------------------- Jet Engine (at 25 meters) 120 ------------------------------------- Rock and Roll Concert 110 ------------------------------------- Pneumatic Chipper 90 ------------------------------------- Chainsaw 80 ------------------------------------- Heavy Truck Traffic 70 ------------------------------------- Business Offices 60 ------------------------------------- Conversational Speech 50 ------------------------------------- Library 40 ------------------------------------- Bedroom 30 ------------------------------------- Secluded Woods 20 ------------------------------------- Whisper

21. There are a variety of strategies for mitigating roadway noise including: use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. Aircraft noise can be reduced to some extent by design of quieter jet engines, which was pursued vigorously in the 1970s and 1980s.

22. Another solution to this problem is to use electric, or hybrid-electric, automobile. Hybrid vehicles are so quite, in fact, that legislation is pending to actually make them louder.

23. many conflicts over noise pollution are handled by negotiation between the emitter and the receiver. noise pollution often persists because only five to ten percent of people affected by noise will lodge a formal complaint . many people are not aware of their legal right to quiet and do not know how to register a complaint.