The Silent Way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Gattegno based on principles of discovery learning that see learning as creative problem-solving. The teacher facilitates rather than teaches, remaining silent to encourage student responsibility and self-monitoring. Language is presented structurally and inductively, starting from students' existing knowledge, with a focus on vocabulary and propositional meaning. Techniques include color-coded charts and rods, peer correction, and structured feedback to develop inner criteria for correctness.
Among all the methods and approaches to language teaching there is one that may not have a strong basis on its Theory of Language but an excellent background on its Theory of Learning, the Natural Approach, based on the principles of the Theory of Language Acquisition proposed by Stephen Krashen.
This method is based on the principles of behavior psychology. It adapted many of the principles and procedures of the Direct Method, in part as a reaction to the lack of speaking skills of the Reading Approach
- Jill Kerper Mora from San Diego University
Among all the methods and approaches to language teaching there is one that may not have a strong basis on its Theory of Language but an excellent background on its Theory of Learning, the Natural Approach, based on the principles of the Theory of Language Acquisition proposed by Stephen Krashen.
This method is based on the principles of behavior psychology. It adapted many of the principles and procedures of the Direct Method, in part as a reaction to the lack of speaking skills of the Reading Approach
- Jill Kerper Mora from San Diego University
To those who would like to have a copy of this slide, just email me at martzmonette@yahoo.com and please tell me why would you want this presentation. Thank you very much and GOD BLESS YOU
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. The Silent Way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by
Caleb Gattegno.
The Silent Way was conceived as a special case of Gattegno's broader
educational principles, rather than a method specifically aimed at teaching
languages. Gattegno developed these ideas to solve general problems in
learning, and he also applied them to his work in the teaching of
mathematics and the mother tongue. Broadly, these principles are:
1. Teachers should concentrate on how students learn, not on how to
teach
2. Imitation and drill are not the primary means by which students learn
3. Learning consists of trial and error, deliberate experimentation,
suspending judgement, and revising conclusions
4. In learning, learners draw on everything that they already know,
especially their native language
5. The teacher must not interfere with the learning process
These principles situate the Silent Way in the tradition of discovery
learning, that sees learning as a creative problem-solving activity
3. Theory Of Language
Gattegno views language as a substitute for experience, so experience is
what gives meaning to language.
Silent Way takes a structural approach to the organization of language to
be taught. Lg is seen as groups of sounds arbitrarily associated with
specific meanings and organized into sentences or strings of meaningful
units by grammar rules. Lg is separated from its social context and taught
through artificial situations.
The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and the teacher focuses on
propositional meaning, rather than communicative value. Students learn
through largely inductive processes.
Vocabulary is central dimension of language learning and the choice of
vocabulary is crucial.
4. Theory of Learning
Cognitive Psychology is the basis. Language learning is not habit
formation. It is rule formation. Language learning has a sequence from
the known to the unknown. Students induce the rules from examples
and the languages they are exposed to, therefore learning is inductive
5. Goals and Objectives
Students should be able to use the target language for self expression
(to express their thoughts, feelings, ideas). To help students improve
their inner criteria for correctness. Students should rely on themselves
to be able to use the target language.
Syllabus
There is no linear structural syllabus. The teacher starts with what
students already know, and builds from one structure to the next. The
syllabus develops according to the students' learning needs.
6. Teachers' Role
The teacher is a technician or an engineer who facilitates learning. Only
the learner can do learning. The teacher is aware of what the students
already know and he/she can decide the next step. The teacher is silent.
Silence is a tool because teacher's silence gives the responsibility to the
student. Besides teacher's silence helps students monitor themselves and
improve their own inner criteria.
Students' Role
Students should make use of what they already know. They are responsible
for their own learning. They actively take part in exploring the language.
The teacher works with the students and the students work on the
language. St-st interaction is important. Sts can learn from each other.
7. Techniques
1. Teaching pronunciation with "sound colour charts"
2. Cognitive coding with colour rods.
3. Peer correction to improve co-operative manner.
4. Self correction gestures
5. Teacher's Silence
6. Structured feedback: Students are invited to talk about the day's
instruction (what they have
learnt that day during classes). Students learn to take responsibility for
their own learning by becoming aware of themselves, and by controlling
and applying their own learning strategies.
7. Fidel Charts: Used to teach sound spelling association.
8. Word Charts: Used to teach and recycle vocabulary. The words are
written in different colours so that students can learn basic pronunciation
patterns.
8. Materials
Sound Colour Charts (For teaching pronunciation; one colour
represents one sound), Colour Rods (for cognitive coding of
grammatical patterns), 8 Fidel Charts (used for sound spelling
association.