This document presents a holistic approach to modeling the steady-state heat transfer from partially and fully buried offshore and onshore pipelines. It compares four analytical formulas for calculating the overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) of buried pipes to computational fluid dynamics analyses. The formulas show good accuracy within 10% of CFD results for a wide range of pipeline insulation levels, burial depths, soil properties, and environments. The document recommends specific formulas for calculating OHTC depending on the pipeline system and environment. Accurate OHTC profiles are important for assessing pipeline integrity and performance over varying burial conditions.
The mechanism of steady-state heat transfer from deeply buried pipes has been rigorously modeled for a long time. Detailed
analytical formulae have been proposed recently for the calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient across the entire
range of burial depths. This paper presents an evaluation of these formulae and suggests some improvements on the basis of
numerical simulations performed with high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models.
Explicit formulae can quickly be implemented and used for generating profiles of overall heat transfer coefficient along
pipelines. The effect of uncertainties in input data on steady-state heat transfer can easily be assessed for any amount of
burial. Four explicit, continuous formulae are presented and compared to three independent sources of CFD analyses. A
relative difference of 10% or less with respect to CFD can be achieved with analytical formulae for a comprehensive range of
offshore pipeline systems, ambient conditions, soil thermal conductivities, and burial depths. The applicability of these
formulae to onshore systems is also evaluated.
Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is one of artificial lift methods that used widely in oil industry . In this presentation i showed the components of ESP and installation of it by using PIPESIM (schlumberger software )
Project Objectives:
To build a representative network model for one OGM(Oil Gathering Manifold) in H Field consists of 4 wells using PIPESIM software.
To match the network model with the field data.
To display & analyze the results after building the model.
Reformer Tube design principles
- Larsen Miller Plot
- Larsen Miller & Tube Design
- Design Margins - Stress Data Used
- Max Allowable & Design Temperature
- Tube Life
- Effect of Temperature on Life
- Material Types
HK40: 25 Cr / 20 Ni
HP Modified: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb
Microalloy: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb + Ti
- Alloy Developments
- Comparison of Alloys
Manufacturing Technology
- Welds
Failure mechanisms
- Failure Mechanisms - Creep
- Creep Propagation
- Common Failure Modes
- Uncommon Failure Modes
- Failure by Creep
- Creep Rupture - Cross Section
- Failure at Weld
Actions to Take if Tube Fails
- Pigtail Nipping
Inspection techniques
Classification of Problems
- Visual Examination
- Girth Measurement
- Ultrasonic Attenuation
- Radiography
Eddy Current Measurement
LOTIS Tube Inspection
LOTIS Compared to External Inspection
The mechanism of steady-state heat transfer from deeply buried pipes has been rigorously modeled for a long time. Detailed
analytical formulae have been proposed recently for the calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient across the entire
range of burial depths. This paper presents an evaluation of these formulae and suggests some improvements on the basis of
numerical simulations performed with high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models.
Explicit formulae can quickly be implemented and used for generating profiles of overall heat transfer coefficient along
pipelines. The effect of uncertainties in input data on steady-state heat transfer can easily be assessed for any amount of
burial. Four explicit, continuous formulae are presented and compared to three independent sources of CFD analyses. A
relative difference of 10% or less with respect to CFD can be achieved with analytical formulae for a comprehensive range of
offshore pipeline systems, ambient conditions, soil thermal conductivities, and burial depths. The applicability of these
formulae to onshore systems is also evaluated.
Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is one of artificial lift methods that used widely in oil industry . In this presentation i showed the components of ESP and installation of it by using PIPESIM (schlumberger software )
Project Objectives:
To build a representative network model for one OGM(Oil Gathering Manifold) in H Field consists of 4 wells using PIPESIM software.
To match the network model with the field data.
To display & analyze the results after building the model.
Reformer Tube design principles
- Larsen Miller Plot
- Larsen Miller & Tube Design
- Design Margins - Stress Data Used
- Max Allowable & Design Temperature
- Tube Life
- Effect of Temperature on Life
- Material Types
HK40: 25 Cr / 20 Ni
HP Modified: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb
Microalloy: 25 Cr / 35 Ni + Nb + Ti
- Alloy Developments
- Comparison of Alloys
Manufacturing Technology
- Welds
Failure mechanisms
- Failure Mechanisms - Creep
- Creep Propagation
- Common Failure Modes
- Uncommon Failure Modes
- Failure by Creep
- Creep Rupture - Cross Section
- Failure at Weld
Actions to Take if Tube Fails
- Pigtail Nipping
Inspection techniques
Classification of Problems
- Visual Examination
- Girth Measurement
- Ultrasonic Attenuation
- Radiography
Eddy Current Measurement
LOTIS Tube Inspection
LOTIS Compared to External Inspection
Effects of CO2 impurities on the consequences of pipeline releases – possibility of fracture - presentation by Alexander Collard in the Effects of Impurities on CO2 Properties session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Thesis Defense Presentation ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRIC...chrisrobschu
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. They offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. There are two major obstacles for commercializing the SOFC technology: reducing processing cost and increasing operating lifetime. The cost reduction necessary for commercialization of SOFC technology will not be met by optimization alone. Mass production techniques must be developed for SOFCs to be competitive with current power generating devices. The current cost goal of $400 / kW can only be met by improved processing techniques. Hot pressing as was investigated at Boston University as a novel processing technique to fabricate the planar SOFC in a single step. By removing multiple batch processing steps and simplifying the manufacturing process, considerable cost reduction can be achieved over current manufacturing processes. Additionally, the flexibility of hot pressing can improve interfacial contact and functionally grade interfaces to reduce polarization losses. Finally, by optimizing the process, the processing time and cost can be greatly reduced.
Fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, and hot pressing to successfully hot press a single operational SOFC in one step has been developed. Ceramic powder processing for each of the components of an SOFC has been tailored towards this goal. Processing parameters for the electrolyte and cathode were investigated and optimized to attain convergence. Several anode fabrication techniques were investigated and a novel anode structure was developed and refined. Based on these results single SOFC cells were fabricated in one step.
Thesis defense schumacher_Dec 2002
For more details about 200 c Submersible Level Sensor visit:
https://iconprocon.com/
https://iconprocon.com/product/200c-series-submersible-level-sensor/
Heat Exchanger (Shell and tubes) by sujan kharel..ansaluniversity3
Hey! This is the best presentation about Heat exchanger device of shell and tubes type and there is also mentioned their defects and overcome method...
Effects of CO2 impurities on the consequences of pipeline releases – possibility of fracture - presentation by Alexander Collard in the Effects of Impurities on CO2 Properties session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Thesis Defense Presentation ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRIC...chrisrobschu
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. They offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. There are two major obstacles for commercializing the SOFC technology: reducing processing cost and increasing operating lifetime. The cost reduction necessary for commercialization of SOFC technology will not be met by optimization alone. Mass production techniques must be developed for SOFCs to be competitive with current power generating devices. The current cost goal of $400 / kW can only be met by improved processing techniques. Hot pressing as was investigated at Boston University as a novel processing technique to fabricate the planar SOFC in a single step. By removing multiple batch processing steps and simplifying the manufacturing process, considerable cost reduction can be achieved over current manufacturing processes. Additionally, the flexibility of hot pressing can improve interfacial contact and functionally grade interfaces to reduce polarization losses. Finally, by optimizing the process, the processing time and cost can be greatly reduced.
Fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, and hot pressing to successfully hot press a single operational SOFC in one step has been developed. Ceramic powder processing for each of the components of an SOFC has been tailored towards this goal. Processing parameters for the electrolyte and cathode were investigated and optimized to attain convergence. Several anode fabrication techniques were investigated and a novel anode structure was developed and refined. Based on these results single SOFC cells were fabricated in one step.
Thesis defense schumacher_Dec 2002
For more details about 200 c Submersible Level Sensor visit:
https://iconprocon.com/
https://iconprocon.com/product/200c-series-submersible-level-sensor/
Heat Exchanger (Shell and tubes) by sujan kharel..ansaluniversity3
Hey! This is the best presentation about Heat exchanger device of shell and tubes type and there is also mentioned their defects and overcome method...
3. Potential Issues
Reduced heat loss from high temperature fluids
• Hotter temperature profiles for longer
Uncontrolled pipeline lateral buckling
• Under design of cooling spools
Accelerated degradation of external coatings
Top of line corrosion in wet gas pipelines
Reduced heat gain from seawater in gas transport
• Excessive Joule‐Thomson cooling
Condensate and water drop‐out, corrosion,
hydrate formation, frost heaving
4. Steady‐State Heat Transfer
Tamb Q = U.A.T
b Seabed
Q = heat transfer rate [W]
H Dext A = pipe surface area [m2]
Tfluid T = Tfluid ‐ Tamb [K]
U = overall heat transfer
coefficient (OHTC) [W/m2/K]
6. Wall to Soil HTC
Seabed
H
Dext
e.g. Carslaw & Jaeger (1959)
ksoil = soil thermal conductivity [W/m/K]
hsoil = wall to soil heat transfer coefficient (HTC) [W/m2/K]
Dext = outer diameter of pipe wall and external coatings [m]
H = burial depth to pipe centerline [m]
Only valid for H > Dext/2
Inaccurate formula at shallow burial depths
16. High Pipe Biot Number
Typical
Transport system
pipe Biot number [‐]
Pipe‐in‐pipe system
Highly insulated pipeline Up to 4
Flexible flowline
Insulated pipeline
4 to 50
Concrete weight coated pipeline
Uninsulated pipeline
Above 50
Cooling spool
32. Ambient Temperature
Small seasonal variation of ambient
temperature (e.g. deep offshore)
Tamb = Tsea Tsoil (steady‐state heat transfer)
Large seasonal variation of ambient
temperature (e.g. onshore)
Tamb = Tsoil ≠ Tair (no steady‐state heat transfer)