This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic crop production. It summarizes key standards for land requirements, soil fertility and nutrient management, seeds and planting stock, crop rotation, and pest, weed and disease management. The excerpts also list synthetic and non-synthetic substances that are allowed or prohibited for use in organic crop production according to the National List.
On September 17, the Organic Council of Ontario hosted a webinar on proposed changes to the Canadian Organic Standards. Public comments will be accepted by the Canadian General Standards Board until September 30, 2019.
Panelists included: Hugh Martin, Rob Wallbridge, Joel Aitken, Norm Hansen, Rochelle Eisen, Simon Jacques, Nicole Boudreau
This document discusses three steps for ensuring compliant use of materials for organic production and handling according to the USDA's National Organic Program. First, operators must understand the relevant NOP regulations regarding allowed and prohibited materials. Second, operators must include all materials in their Organic System Plan and get approval from their certifier. Third, operators must document all material purchases and uses and keep records for at least five years. Following these steps helps ensure materials are used correctly according to organic standards.
Organic Standards for Livestock Production: Excerpts of USDA's National Organ...ElisaMendelsohn
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic livestock production. It summarizes key requirements in three areas: recordkeeping that must be kept by certified organic operations; the organic system plan that must be submitted; and standards for the origin of livestock, livestock feed, health care practices, and living conditions. The full regulations address additional aspects of organic crop and handling standards that producers must also follow.
This document provides an overview of organic tree fruit production, including marketing considerations, orchard planning and establishment, and ongoing orchard management. Some key points:
- Marketing is critical to success, and the production system must be designed to meet the needs of intended markets. Premium pricing may be needed to offset typically higher organic production costs.
- Proper site selection is important, considering soil, climate, drainage and other environmental factors that cannot be easily changed. Variety selection should match the site conditions and market opportunities.
- Careful planning includes decisions around crop species, rootstocks, tree spacing and layout to optimize long-term productivity and efficiency within the limitations of the land. Establishing soil fertility and integrated pest management
Organic grain markets can be volatile, with periods of high and low supply and demand for different crops. However, some markets have remained stable. Organic grain prices have historically been around double conventional prices from 1995-2003, and sometimes triple conventional prices. Meeting buyer quality standards and maintaining relationships is important to achieving the best prices. Demand varies by grain type, with stable markets existing for some wheat varieties.
On Farm Food Safety with GAPs and FSMA
1) Foodborne illness affects millions of Americans each year, costing lives and billions of dollars. The Produce Safety Rule under FSMA aims to help prevent contamination of fresh produce to reduce foodborne illness. 2) GAPs (Good Agricultural Practices) are voluntary standards for farms to minimize risks of microbial, chemical, and physical hazards in fresh produce. The eight principles of GAPs include preventing contamination, following all laws, and maintaining records for accountability. 3) The Produce Safety Rule establishes science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables. It sets requirements for water, soil amendments, sprouts, animals,
On September 17, the Organic Council of Ontario hosted a webinar on proposed changes to the Canadian Organic Standards. Public comments will be accepted by the Canadian General Standards Board until September 30, 2019.
Panelists included: Hugh Martin, Rob Wallbridge, Joel Aitken, Norm Hansen, Rochelle Eisen, Simon Jacques, Nicole Boudreau
This document discusses three steps for ensuring compliant use of materials for organic production and handling according to the USDA's National Organic Program. First, operators must understand the relevant NOP regulations regarding allowed and prohibited materials. Second, operators must include all materials in their Organic System Plan and get approval from their certifier. Third, operators must document all material purchases and uses and keep records for at least five years. Following these steps helps ensure materials are used correctly according to organic standards.
Organic Standards for Livestock Production: Excerpts of USDA's National Organ...ElisaMendelsohn
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic livestock production. It summarizes key requirements in three areas: recordkeeping that must be kept by certified organic operations; the organic system plan that must be submitted; and standards for the origin of livestock, livestock feed, health care practices, and living conditions. The full regulations address additional aspects of organic crop and handling standards that producers must also follow.
This document provides an overview of organic tree fruit production, including marketing considerations, orchard planning and establishment, and ongoing orchard management. Some key points:
- Marketing is critical to success, and the production system must be designed to meet the needs of intended markets. Premium pricing may be needed to offset typically higher organic production costs.
- Proper site selection is important, considering soil, climate, drainage and other environmental factors that cannot be easily changed. Variety selection should match the site conditions and market opportunities.
- Careful planning includes decisions around crop species, rootstocks, tree spacing and layout to optimize long-term productivity and efficiency within the limitations of the land. Establishing soil fertility and integrated pest management
Organic grain markets can be volatile, with periods of high and low supply and demand for different crops. However, some markets have remained stable. Organic grain prices have historically been around double conventional prices from 1995-2003, and sometimes triple conventional prices. Meeting buyer quality standards and maintaining relationships is important to achieving the best prices. Demand varies by grain type, with stable markets existing for some wheat varieties.
On Farm Food Safety with GAPs and FSMA
1) Foodborne illness affects millions of Americans each year, costing lives and billions of dollars. The Produce Safety Rule under FSMA aims to help prevent contamination of fresh produce to reduce foodborne illness. 2) GAPs (Good Agricultural Practices) are voluntary standards for farms to minimize risks of microbial, chemical, and physical hazards in fresh produce. The eight principles of GAPs include preventing contamination, following all laws, and maintaining records for accountability. 3) The Produce Safety Rule establishes science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables. It sets requirements for water, soil amendments, sprouts, animals,
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for HandlersElisaMendelsohn
The document is a compliance checklist for organic handlers developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) with funding from the USDA National Organic Program. It contains over 100 questions organized into 8 sections to help handlers evaluate how their operation complies with the National Organic Program standards. The checklist addresses topics such as allowed and prohibited substances, product composition requirements, labeling guidelines, and recordkeeping. It is intended to assist handlers and certifiers in ensuring operations meet federal organic regulations.
NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook: A Guide to Sustainable and Allowed PracticesElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a summary of NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook, which is intended to guide organic and transitional livestock producers in sustainable and certified organic practices. The workbook covers topics such as organic soil management, weed and pest control, feeding, housing, health care, record keeping and more to help farmers understand and comply with the USDA's National Organic Standards. It was developed with input from organic experts and farmers.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a compliance checklist for producers seeking organic certification under the National Organic Program. It covers general certification requirements and details practices and procedures, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other information required in an organic system plan. The checklist is intended to help producers assess compliance with USDA organic regulations and make the certification process easier for producers, inspectors, and certifiers. It refers users to additional resources on organic crop and livestock production.
Aquaponics — Integration of Hydroponics with AquacultureElisaMendelsohn
Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics. In aquaponics, nutrient-rich waste from fish tanks fertilizes hydroponically grown plants. The plants then filter the water, which is recirculated to the fish tanks. Recent innovations have improved aquaponics technology, enabling commercial viability. Aquaponics provides organic fertilizer to plants from fish waste while the plants remove toxins from the water, benefiting both fish and plants in a symbiotic system.
Good agricultural-practices-GAPs by Md. Abdul Momin Sheikhmsheikh14
Good Agricultural Practices (GAP): Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) are practices that
ensure environmental, economical & social
sustainability for on-farm practices (and post
production practices) resulting in safe and quality food
and non-food agricultural products. -FAO
Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic ProgramElisaMendelsohn
Organic farmers seeking to market their products as certified organic must undergo a certification process to assure buyers of the integrity of their organic claims. This involves a third party certification agent evaluating the farm based on the National Organic Program standards. If the farm is found to meet these standards prohibiting synthetic inputs and ensuring separation from conventional operations, the farmer becomes certified and can market products with the USDA organic seal. The certification process provides consistency across certifiers and reassures consumers that certified products are truly organic. It requires documentation from farmers to demonstrate compliance with organic practices and prevent contamination. While certification involves costs and paperwork, it also opens access to premium prices in the organic market.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic poultry production requirements in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. Key requirements include providing outdoor access for birds, using only certified organic feed, and managing health through proactive practices and natural treatments instead of antibiotics. The document covers organic standards for living conditions and housing, health management, feed, processing, and recordkeeping. Organic poultry must be raised without cages and allowed outdoor access while being fed organic feed and treated using natural health methods rather than drugs or synthetic parasiticides.
Seed Production and Variety Development for Organic SystemsElisaMendelsohn
The document discusses seed production and variety development for organic systems. It notes that while interest is growing in developing seed varieties specifically for organic production, this area is still in its infancy. Some public universities and seed companies are beginning to breed varieties suited to organic farming through participatory breeding programs and selecting traits that confer natural resistance. However, no commercially available seeds have been bred specifically for organic production yet. The document outlines challenges around increasing the supply of organic seeds and regulatory issues affecting U.S. organic farmers.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed varieties, and provides details on production practices and marketing organic sweet corn.
Organic System Plan (OSP) Templates for CertifiersElisaMendelsohn
- This document contains templates for certifying agencies to develop application materials for organic certification.
- Applications for organic certification constitute the Organic System Plan required by the USDA National Organic Program.
- The templates are structured to elicit all the information needed for a complete Organic System Plan as required by the National Organic Standards.
- They include templates for organic farm plans, organic farm plan updates, organic livestock plans, and organic handling plans.
The document discusses eco-friendly textiles and organic cotton cultivation. It notes that conventional cotton production relies heavily on pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment and human health. Organic cotton is identified as an eco-friendly alternative that maintains soil health and uses natural pest control rather than chemicals. Several organizations in India are working to promote organic cotton cultivation and increase its production.
This document provides an overview of organic cotton production practices including soil fertility, weed management, insect management, and diseases. Specific practices discussed for soil fertility include crop rotation, cover cropping, animal manure additions, and rock powders. Weed management is accomplished through cultivation and cultural practices. Insect management uses trap cropping, strip cropping, border vegetation, and biopesticides. The document also discusses strategies for specific insect pests and diseases, as well as defoliation, marketing, and economics of organic cotton.
Eco fibres and ecofriendly textiles ms univ. 21.2.04 finalAdane Nega
The document discusses eco-friendly textiles and organic cotton cultivation. It notes that conventional cotton production relies heavily on pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment and human health. Organic cotton cultivation avoids the use of chemicals and promotes sustainable agriculture. Some of the benefits of organic cotton include reduced costs, management of pesticide resistance, and environmental friendliness. India is a major cotton producer but organic cotton currently makes up a very small percentage of production. Several organizations promote organic cotton farming in India.
Environmental friendly processing of textile fibresmona verma
This document discusses eco-friendly and organic cotton processing using enzymes. It begins with introductions to cotton production in India and the advantages and disadvantages of cotton. It then defines what makes materials eco-friendly and describes organic cotton certification standards. The rest of the document focuses on using enzymes for cotton processing, their properties, mechanisms, and specific uses for desizing and other treatments to make processing more environmentally sustainable.
Organic vs non organic fabric- rachel summerlinMark McGinley
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of different fabrics like polyester, rayon, cotton, and organic cotton. It notes that polyester manufacturing emits greenhouse gases and uses large amounts of water and energy. Rayon is made from wood pulp but forests are often cleared for production. Cotton is one of the most pesticide-intensive crops and pesticides can harm workers and contaminate water sources. The document advocates for organic cotton which avoids toxic chemicals and promotes sustainability through practices like composting and natural fertilizers. Choosing organic and fair trade clothing can help protect the environment and people's health.
This document summarizes information about cotton production in the United States. It notes that cotton is grown on fewer than 32,000 farms across 17 southern states, with 10.566 million acres planted in 2010. Cotton yield is measured in 480-pound bales, with the average 2005-2009 yield being 826 pounds of lint per acre. The cotton crop requires fertility, is planted and grows through vegetative stages before flowering and boll development over several months. Harvesting is a critical process where cotton is mechanically picked or stripped before ginning and baling.
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows in seed pods around the cotton plant. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Evidence shows cotton was used as early as 7,000 BC in the Old World. It was widely cultivated during the Indus Valley civilization between 2000-1000 BC. Cotton grows best in long, warm seasons with adequate rainfall or irrigation. The leading cotton producers today are China, India, the United States, Pakistan, and Brazil. Cotton is processed and spun into yarn, then woven into fabrics. It is used to make many textile products like denim, corduroy, bedsheets, and t-shirts.
Package of Organic Practices for Cotton, Rice, Red gram, Sugarcane and WheatKlausGroenholm
This document provides an introduction to agriculture in Maharashtra state, India. It notes that Maharashtra is an important agricultural producer, accounting for 13% of India's agricultural area. The state has diverse agro-ecosystems and crops due to variations in rainfall and terrain. Small farmers make up 64% of the rural population but hold only 22% of the land. The state produces 15 million tons of grains annually and supports 67% of its population through agriculture, making it an important economic sector.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for HandlersElisaMendelsohn
The document is a compliance checklist for organic handlers developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) with funding from the USDA National Organic Program. It contains over 100 questions organized into 8 sections to help handlers evaluate how their operation complies with the National Organic Program standards. The checklist addresses topics such as allowed and prohibited substances, product composition requirements, labeling guidelines, and recordkeeping. It is intended to assist handlers and certifiers in ensuring operations meet federal organic regulations.
NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook: A Guide to Sustainable and Allowed PracticesElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a summary of NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook, which is intended to guide organic and transitional livestock producers in sustainable and certified organic practices. The workbook covers topics such as organic soil management, weed and pest control, feeding, housing, health care, record keeping and more to help farmers understand and comply with the USDA's National Organic Standards. It was developed with input from organic experts and farmers.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a compliance checklist for producers seeking organic certification under the National Organic Program. It covers general certification requirements and details practices and procedures, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other information required in an organic system plan. The checklist is intended to help producers assess compliance with USDA organic regulations and make the certification process easier for producers, inspectors, and certifiers. It refers users to additional resources on organic crop and livestock production.
Aquaponics — Integration of Hydroponics with AquacultureElisaMendelsohn
Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics. In aquaponics, nutrient-rich waste from fish tanks fertilizes hydroponically grown plants. The plants then filter the water, which is recirculated to the fish tanks. Recent innovations have improved aquaponics technology, enabling commercial viability. Aquaponics provides organic fertilizer to plants from fish waste while the plants remove toxins from the water, benefiting both fish and plants in a symbiotic system.
Good agricultural-practices-GAPs by Md. Abdul Momin Sheikhmsheikh14
Good Agricultural Practices (GAP): Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) are practices that
ensure environmental, economical & social
sustainability for on-farm practices (and post
production practices) resulting in safe and quality food
and non-food agricultural products. -FAO
Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic ProgramElisaMendelsohn
Organic farmers seeking to market their products as certified organic must undergo a certification process to assure buyers of the integrity of their organic claims. This involves a third party certification agent evaluating the farm based on the National Organic Program standards. If the farm is found to meet these standards prohibiting synthetic inputs and ensuring separation from conventional operations, the farmer becomes certified and can market products with the USDA organic seal. The certification process provides consistency across certifiers and reassures consumers that certified products are truly organic. It requires documentation from farmers to demonstrate compliance with organic practices and prevent contamination. While certification involves costs and paperwork, it also opens access to premium prices in the organic market.
Organic Poultry Production in the United StatesElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses organic poultry production requirements in the United States according to the USDA National Organic Program. Key requirements include providing outdoor access for birds, using only certified organic feed, and managing health through proactive practices and natural treatments instead of antibiotics. The document covers organic standards for living conditions and housing, health management, feed, processing, and recordkeeping. Organic poultry must be raised without cages and allowed outdoor access while being fed organic feed and treated using natural health methods rather than drugs or synthetic parasiticides.
Seed Production and Variety Development for Organic SystemsElisaMendelsohn
The document discusses seed production and variety development for organic systems. It notes that while interest is growing in developing seed varieties specifically for organic production, this area is still in its infancy. Some public universities and seed companies are beginning to breed varieties suited to organic farming through participatory breeding programs and selecting traits that confer natural resistance. However, no commercially available seeds have been bred specifically for organic production yet. The document outlines challenges around increasing the supply of organic seeds and regulatory issues affecting U.S. organic farmers.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed varieties, and provides details on production practices and marketing organic sweet corn.
Organic System Plan (OSP) Templates for CertifiersElisaMendelsohn
- This document contains templates for certifying agencies to develop application materials for organic certification.
- Applications for organic certification constitute the Organic System Plan required by the USDA National Organic Program.
- The templates are structured to elicit all the information needed for a complete Organic System Plan as required by the National Organic Standards.
- They include templates for organic farm plans, organic farm plan updates, organic livestock plans, and organic handling plans.
The document discusses eco-friendly textiles and organic cotton cultivation. It notes that conventional cotton production relies heavily on pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment and human health. Organic cotton is identified as an eco-friendly alternative that maintains soil health and uses natural pest control rather than chemicals. Several organizations in India are working to promote organic cotton cultivation and increase its production.
This document provides an overview of organic cotton production practices including soil fertility, weed management, insect management, and diseases. Specific practices discussed for soil fertility include crop rotation, cover cropping, animal manure additions, and rock powders. Weed management is accomplished through cultivation and cultural practices. Insect management uses trap cropping, strip cropping, border vegetation, and biopesticides. The document also discusses strategies for specific insect pests and diseases, as well as defoliation, marketing, and economics of organic cotton.
Eco fibres and ecofriendly textiles ms univ. 21.2.04 finalAdane Nega
The document discusses eco-friendly textiles and organic cotton cultivation. It notes that conventional cotton production relies heavily on pesticides and fertilizers that harm the environment and human health. Organic cotton cultivation avoids the use of chemicals and promotes sustainable agriculture. Some of the benefits of organic cotton include reduced costs, management of pesticide resistance, and environmental friendliness. India is a major cotton producer but organic cotton currently makes up a very small percentage of production. Several organizations promote organic cotton farming in India.
Environmental friendly processing of textile fibresmona verma
This document discusses eco-friendly and organic cotton processing using enzymes. It begins with introductions to cotton production in India and the advantages and disadvantages of cotton. It then defines what makes materials eco-friendly and describes organic cotton certification standards. The rest of the document focuses on using enzymes for cotton processing, their properties, mechanisms, and specific uses for desizing and other treatments to make processing more environmentally sustainable.
Organic vs non organic fabric- rachel summerlinMark McGinley
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of different fabrics like polyester, rayon, cotton, and organic cotton. It notes that polyester manufacturing emits greenhouse gases and uses large amounts of water and energy. Rayon is made from wood pulp but forests are often cleared for production. Cotton is one of the most pesticide-intensive crops and pesticides can harm workers and contaminate water sources. The document advocates for organic cotton which avoids toxic chemicals and promotes sustainability through practices like composting and natural fertilizers. Choosing organic and fair trade clothing can help protect the environment and people's health.
This document summarizes information about cotton production in the United States. It notes that cotton is grown on fewer than 32,000 farms across 17 southern states, with 10.566 million acres planted in 2010. Cotton yield is measured in 480-pound bales, with the average 2005-2009 yield being 826 pounds of lint per acre. The cotton crop requires fertility, is planted and grows through vegetative stages before flowering and boll development over several months. Harvesting is a critical process where cotton is mechanically picked or stripped before ginning and baling.
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows in seed pods around the cotton plant. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Evidence shows cotton was used as early as 7,000 BC in the Old World. It was widely cultivated during the Indus Valley civilization between 2000-1000 BC. Cotton grows best in long, warm seasons with adequate rainfall or irrigation. The leading cotton producers today are China, India, the United States, Pakistan, and Brazil. Cotton is processed and spun into yarn, then woven into fabrics. It is used to make many textile products like denim, corduroy, bedsheets, and t-shirts.
Package of Organic Practices for Cotton, Rice, Red gram, Sugarcane and WheatKlausGroenholm
This document provides an introduction to agriculture in Maharashtra state, India. It notes that Maharashtra is an important agricultural producer, accounting for 13% of India's agricultural area. The state has diverse agro-ecosystems and crops due to variations in rainfall and terrain. Small farmers make up 64% of the rural population but hold only 22% of the land. The state produces 15 million tons of grains annually and supports 67% of its population through agriculture, making it an important economic sector.
Organic Standards for Livestock Production: Excerpts of USDA's National Organ...Gardening
The document summarizes key standards from the USDA's National Organic Program regarding organic livestock production. It provides verbatim excerpts from the regulations on requirements for record keeping by certified organic operations, organic system plans, the origin of livestock and livestock feed, healthcare practices, living conditions, pasture practice, temporary variances, and allowed/prohibited substances. The introduction provides context on the development and purpose of the national organic standards.
Organic Standards for Crop Production: Highlights of the USDA's National Orga...Gardening
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic crop production. It includes standards for all certified organic operations, crop production specific standards for land requirements, soil fertility and nutrient management, seeds and planting stock, crop rotation, pest and disease management, and wild crop harvesting. Lists of synthetic substances allowed and non-synthetic substances prohibited for use in organic crop production are also provided. The introduction explains that this is not a complete summary of all standards and should be used together with other relevant organic standards documents.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed selection, fertility management, pest control, and post-harvest handling.
Organic peanut production relies on managing soil fertility and pests without off-farm inputs. Labor and costs are higher for organic peanuts than conventional. There is high demand for organic peanuts and farmers can receive premium prices. The main challenges are managing weeds, insects, and diseases without many synthetic pesticides.
Organic peanut production relies on cultural techniques that maintain soil fertility through crop rotation and composting, rather than off-farm inputs. While labor and management costs are higher for organic peanuts, farmers can find higher demand and premium prices in organic markets. The document discusses organic peanut production methods, varieties suited to different regions, challenges in organic marketing, and potential alternative uses for organic peanuts including forage and biodiesel production.
Organic Vegetable Production - Purdue ExtensionFaiga64c
This document provides information on organic vegetable production. It discusses soil fertility management using organic amendments like compost and manure. It also covers organic insect, disease, and weed management strategies. The full document includes tables listing organic fertilizers and their nutrient contents, as well as organic management options for common insect pests and diseases.
This document provides a guide to publications from ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas) related to organic agriculture. It summarizes 14 publications that cover topics such as organic certification requirements, compliance, crop and livestock production, marketing, and pest management. The publications provide information on the USDA organic regulations and guidance for developing organic system plans and recordkeeping to meet certification standards. Readers can contact ATTRA to request print copies or speak with specialists about the publications.
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland regulations under the US National Organic Program. It defines key terms like pasture and organic, explaining that organic agriculture aims to create biological systems that maintain soil and ecological health without prohibited substances. The document outlines allowed and prohibited materials, requirements for organic integrity through record keeping, and resources for further information on organic livestock and pasture management.
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland management under the US National Organic Program. It describes how organic certification applies standards for crop production to pasturelands. The focus is on building healthy soil through the soil food web by feeding it organic matter like plant residues, manure, and root exudates. Nitrogen is supplied through legumes and manure rather than synthetic fertilizers to develop a balanced, biologically active system.
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland management under the US National Organic Program. It describes how organic certification applies standards for crop production to pasturelands. The focus is on building soil health through the soil food web by feeding the soil organic matter through practices like rotational grazing and nutrient cycling. Nitrogen is an important nutrient, and legumes are emphasized as the primary source of nitrogen in organic systems rather than synthetic fertilizers. Proper record keeping is required to document compliance with the organic standards.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersGardening
This document provides a compliance checklist for organic producers. It was developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) with funds from the USDA National Organic Program and Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. The checklist is intended to help producers assess if their farm or operation is compliant with the National Organic Program standards. It covers general certification information, production practices and procedures, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other requirements. Additional resources on organic certification and production are also listed.
This document summarizes research on organic herb production in the US, including production of annual and perennial herbs. It discusses the growth of the organic industry, certification requirements, and challenges for beginning organic herb producers. It also reviews research projects on organic herb production funded by USDA and outlines federal regulations regarding wild crop harvesting and organic certification.
This document summarizes information on organic herb production in the United States, including:
- The growth in organic farming and sales of organic foods in the US. Around 7,200 producers were certified organic in 2001, with 2.07 million acres under organic cultivation.
- Herb production can provide additional income for small farms, though typical herb farms are small businesses that add value through direct marketing.
- Federal regulations now require certification for organic labels and marketing. The USDA provides oversight of the National Organic Program.
This publication provides guidance on organic potato production practices including fertility and nutrient management, pest management, harvesting, storage, and marketing. It discusses using organic matter and crop rotations to build soil fertility as well as controlling insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes without synthetic chemicals. Storage and economic issues are also covered. The goal is to grow healthy potato plants from certified organic seed using sustainable methods. Successful organic potato farming requires experimenting with different practices and marketing potatoes through various direct or wholesale channels.
Organic System Plans: Field and Row Crops and Pasture and Range SystemsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an example of an organic system plan for a Midwestern crop farm applying for organic certification. It includes maps of the farm and fields, a field history sheet detailing past crops grown, and a main application form covering the farm plan, soil and crop fertility management, crop management practices, and plans for maintaining organic integrity. Supplementary documents are also included to provide additional information required by certifiers. The goal is to help farmers understand the level of detail certifiers expect in an organic system plan and application for certification.
Similar to Organic Standards for Crop Production: Highlights of the USDA's National Organic Program Regulations (20)
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
Sistemas Avícolas Alternativos con Acceso a PasturaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe y compara sistemas avícolas alternativos y convencionales. Los sistemas alternativos incluyen aves con acceso a pasturas a través de casas fijas, casas portátiles, corrales de pastura u otros diseños que permiten a las aves expresar su comportamiento natural al aire libre. Estos sistemas son comúnmente a pequeña escala e integrados a granjas diversificadas. El acceso al exterior es una parte importante del bienestar de las aves y permite producción extensiva en comparación con los sistem
Producción Orgánica de Lechugas de Especialidad y Verduras Para EnsaladaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe las técnicas de producción orgánica de lechugas de especialidad y ensaladas. Explica que el mercado de lechugas de especialidad ha crecido, pero que el aumento de la producción ha hecho bajar los precios. Describe diferentes tipos de lechugas y verduras para ensaladas, así como técnicas de preparación del suelo, propagación, control de plagas y cosecha. Resalta la importancia de planificar cultivos para mantener un suministro constante a lo largo de la temporada.
Este documento cubre el procesamiento de aves a pequeña escala, ya sea en la granja o en plantas pequeñas. Describe las etapas clave del procesamiento, como la inmovilización, matanza, sangrado, desplume, evisceración, enfriamiento y empaque. También compara el procesamiento a pequeña, mediana y gran escala, y explica cómo el acceso a instalaciones de procesamiento es crucial para los pequeños productores avícolas.
Planeando la Plantación de Vegetales para una Cosecha ContinuaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento ofrece consejos para planificar plantaciones sucesivas de vegetales con el fin de lograr una cosecha continua a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento. Explica que es importante mantener registros de plantaciones y cosechas anteriores para determinar las fechas óptimas de siembra. También destaca que el clima y las condiciones de la tierra afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos, por lo que es útil considerar las temperaturas ideales de germinación de cada vegetal. El documento incluye una tabla con esta información y un
Este documento trata sobre la nutrición de rumiantes en pastoreo. Explica que los rumiantes como vacunos, ovinos y caprinos pueden convertir plantas no comestibles para humanos en alimentos mediante la digestión de la celulosa. También destaca que la mayoría de las tierras son aptas solo para pastoreo, no para cultivo, y que el pastoreo es una forma eficiente de convertir la biomasa vegetal en alimentos como carne y leche. Además, resalta la importancia de entender la nutrición de los rumiantes considerando fact
Este documento trata sobre los requerimientos nutricionales para aves de pastura y cómo cubrirlos a través de diferentes ingredientes alimenticios comunes y poco comunes. Explica el valor nutritivo de ingredientes como el maíz, trigo, avena, harina de pescado y frijol soya, y discute consideraciones como la molienda, la formulación de raciones y la nutrición aplicada para diferentes tasas de crecimiento y estilos de alimentación.
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Pedro quiere vender sus productos agrícolas pero no puede vender todo en el mercado local y los comerciantes le ofrecen precios bajos. José le sugiere vender a instituciones como escuelas, hospitales y asilos de ancianos. José introduce a Pedro con el comprador de alimentos del hospital local. El comprador está interesado en comprar productos de la granja de Pedro y pide detalles sobre sus productos, precios y disponibilidad. Pedro comienza a vender lechuga al hospital y el comprador pide un volumen mayor, pero Pedro no puede
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Este documento presenta la historia de Pedro, un agricultor, que aprende sobre los beneficios de la agricultura orgánica a través de una visita a una granja orgánica y conversaciones con agricultores orgánicos. Pedro descubre que la agricultura orgánica fomenta la biodiversidad en el suelo y los cultivos, lo que ayuda a controlar plagas de forma natural. Aprende que el uso de pesticidas químicos puede dañar a los organismos benéficos en el suelo y los cultivos. Finalmente, Pedro decide convertir
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Este documento proporciona una guía sobre métodos orgánicos para producir fresas. Cubre técnicas como el control de malezas mediante acolchado de plástico negro, fertilización orgánica, y control biológico de plagas. También discute sistemas de producción como la plantación en camellones con plástico y la producción en túneles, y provee recursos adicionales sobre certificación orgánica y recomendaciones de variedades por estado. La producción orgánica de fresas puede requerir más esf
Este documento describe el equipamiento básico necesario para una pequeña granja avícola, enfocándose en los sistemas de bebederos y comederos. Explica que los bebederos son cruciales para el bienestar de las aves y deben proveer agua limpia de manera confiable para prevenir enfermedades y la muerte de los pollos. También discute brevemente consideraciones para cercos, perchas y cajas nido.
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This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. The following sections of Part 205 of the “100-percent organic,” “organic” or “made
National Organic Program are excerpted with organic specified ingredients or food
below: groups” must comply with the applicable
• § 205.200 General provisions of this subpart. Production
practices implemented in accordance with
• § 205.202 Land requirements this subpart must maintain or improve the
• § 205.203 Soil fertility and crop natural resources of the operation, includ-
nutrient management practice stan- ing soil and water quality.
dard § 205.202 Land requirements
• § 205.204 Seeds and planting stock
practice standard Any field or farm parcel from which har-
vested crops are intended to be sold,
• § 205.205 Crop rotation practice labeled or represented as “organic” must:
standard
(a) Have been managed in accordance
• § 205.206 Crop pest, weed and dis- with the provisions of §§205.203
ease management practice standard through 205.206;
• § 205.207 Wild-crop harvesting prac-
tice standard (b) Have had no prohibited substances,
as listed in §205.105, applied to it for
The National List of Allowed and a period of three years immediately
preceding harvest of the crop; and
Prohibited Substances
• § 205.601 Synthetic substances (c) Have distinct, defined boundaries and
allowed for use in organic crop pro- buffer zones such as runoff diversions
duction to prevent the unintended application
of a prohibited substance to the crop
• § 205.602 Non-synthetic substances
or contact with a prohibited substance
prohibited for use in organic crop pro-
applied to adjoining land that is not
duction.
under organic management.
• § 205.2 Terms defined [selected for
relevance to crop production]. § 205.203 Soil fertility and crop
nutrient management practice
standard
Note: e-CFR Data used in this publication is cur-
rent as of July 23, 2008. (a) The producer must select and imple-
Amendment dates are noted at the end of
ment tillage and cultivation practices
certain sections, such as Defined terms, the that maintain or improve the physical,
National List and also in some aspects of live- chemical and biological condition of
stock production. Changes may be the result of soil and minimize soil erosion.
legal actions, petitions to add or remove materi-
als or technical corrections. Most other sections (b) The producer must manage crop
of the Rule have not changed since their original nutrients and soil fertility through
version. To find the most current version avail- rotations, cover crops and the applica-
able, please go the electronic code of federal tion of plant and animal materials.
regulations. See instructions in paragraph two
of the Introduction. (c) The producer must manage plant
and animal materials to maintain or
improve soil organic matter content in
Excerpts a manner that does not contribute to
§ 205.200 General contamination of crops, soil or water
by plant nutrients, pathogenic organ-
The producer or handler of a production isms, heavy metals or residues of pro-
or handling operation intending to sell, hibited substances. Animal and plant
label or represent agricultural products as materials include:
Page 2 ATTRA Organic Standards for Crop Production
3. (1) Raw animal manure, which must (1) A crop nutrient or soil amendment
be composted unless it is: included on the National List of
synthetic substances allowed for
(i) Applied to land used for a
use in organic crop production;
crop not intended for human
consumption; (2) A mined substance of low
solubility;
(ii) Incorporated into the soil
not less than 120 days prior (3) A mined substance of high solubil-
to the harvest of a product ity, provided that the substance is
whose edible portion has used in compliance with the condi-
direct contact with the soil tions established on the National
surface or soil particles; or List of non-synthetic materials
prohibited for crop production;
(iii) Incorporated into the soil not
less than 90 days prior to the (4) Ash obtained from the burn-
harvest of a product whose ing of a plant or animal material,
edible portion does not have except as prohibited in paragraph
direct contact with the soil (e) of this section, provided that
surface or soil particles. the material burned has not been
treated or combined with a pro-
(2) Composted plant and animal hibited substance or the ash is not
materials produced though a included on the National List of
process that: non-synthetic substances prohib-
(i) Established an initial C:N ited for use in organic crop
ratio of between 25:1 and production; and
40:1; and (5) A plant or animal material that
(ii) Maintained a temperature of has been chemically altered by a
between 131 degrees Fahren- manufacturing process, provided
heit and 170 degrees Fahren- that the material is included on
heit for three days using an the National List of synthetic sub-
in-vessel or static aerated pile stances allowed for use in organic
system; or crop production established in
§205.601.
(iii) Maintained a temperature
of between 131 and 170 (e) The producer must not use:
degrees for 15 days using (1) Any fertilizer or composted plant
a windrow composting sys- and animal material that contains
tem, during which period the a synthetic substance not included
materials must be turned a on the National List of synthetic
minimum of five times. substances allowed for use in
(3) Uncomposted plant materials. organic crop production;
(d) A producer may manage crop nutri- (2) Sewage sludge (biosolids) as
ents and soil fertility to maintain or defined in 40 CFR Part 503; and
improve soil organic matter content in (3) Burning as a means of disposal
a manner that does not contribute to for crop residues produced on the
contamination of crops, soil or water operation except that burning may
by plant nutrients, pathogenic organ- be used to suppress the spread
isms, heavy metals or residues of pro- of disease or to stimulate seed
hibited substances by applying: germination.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 3
4. § 205.204 Seeds and planting stock § 205.205 Crop rotation practice
practice standard standard
(a) The producer must use organically The producer must implement a crop rota-
grown seeds, annual seedlings and tion including but not limited to sod, cover
planting stock, except that: crops, green manure crops and catch crops
that provide the following functions that
(1) Non-organically produced, are applicable to the operation:
untreated seeds and planting
stock may be used to produce an (a) Maintain or improve soil organic
organic crop when an equivalent matter content;
organically produced variety is not (b) Provide for pest management in
commercially available, except annual and perennial crops;
that organically produced seed
must be used for the production (c) Manage deficient or excess plant
of edible sprouts; nutrients; and
(2) Non-organically produced seeds (d) Provide erosion control.
and planting stock that have been § 205.206 Crop pest, weed and dis-
treated with a substance included ease management practice standard
on the National List of synthetic
substances allowed for use in (a) The producer must use management
organic crop production may be practices to prevent crop pests, weeds
used to produce an organic crop and diseases including but not limited
when an equivalent organically to:
produced or untreated variety is (1) Crop rotation and soil and crop
not commercially available; nutrient management practices,
(3) Non-organically produced annual as provided for in §§205.203 and
seedlings may be used to produce 205.205;
an organic crop when a tempo- (2) Sanitation measures to remove
rary variance has been granted in disease vectors, weed seeds and
accordance with §205.290(a)(2); habitat for pest organisms; and
(4) Non-organically produced plant- (3) Cultural practices that enhance
ing stock to be used to produce crop health, including selection
a perennial crop may be sold, of plant species and varieties with
labeled or represented as organi- regard to suitability to site-specific
cally produced only after the conditions and resistance to prev-
planting stock has been main- alent pests, weeds and diseases.
tained under a system of organic
management for a period of no (b) Pest problems may be controlled
less than one year; and through mechanical or physical meth-
ods including but not limited to:
(5) Seeds, annual seedlings and
planting stock treated with pro- (1) Augmentation or introduction of
predators or parasites of the pest
hibited substances may be used
species;
to produce an organic crop when
the application of the materials is (2) Development of habitat for natural
a requirement of federal or state enemies of pests;
phytosanitary regulations.
(3) Non-synthetic controls such as
(b) [Reserved] lures, traps and repellents.
Page 4 ATTRA Organic Standards for Crop Production
5. (c) Weed problems may be controlled organic must be harvested from a
through: designated area that has had no pro-
hibited substance, as set forth in
(1) Mulching with fully biodegradable
§205.105, applied to it for a period of
materials;
three years immediately preceding the
(2) Mowing; harvest of the wild crop.
(3) Livestock grazing; (b) A wild crop must be harvested in
a manner that ensures that such
(4) Hand weeding and mechanical harvesting or gathering will not be
cultivation; destructive to the environment and
(5) Flame, heat or electrical means; or will sustain the growth and production
of the wild crop.
(6) Plastic or other synthetic mulches,
provided that they are removed The National List of Allowed and Prohibited
from the field at the end of the Substances
growing or harvest season.
§ 205.601 Synthetic substances
(d) Disease problems may be controlled allowed for use in organic crop
through: production
(1) Management practices which sup- In accordance with restrictions specified
press the spread of disease organ- in this section, the following synthetic
isms; or substances may be used in organic crop
(2) Application of non-synthetic production, provided that use of such sub-
biological, botanical or mineral stances do not contribute to contamination
inputs. of crops, soil, or water. Substances allowed
by this section, except disinfectants and
(e) When the practices provided for in sanitizers in paragraph (a) and those sub-
paragraphs (a) through (d) of this stances in paragraphs (c), (j), (k), and (l)
section are insufficient to prevent or of this section, may only be used when
control crop pests, weeds and diseases, the provisions set forth in §205.206(a)
a biological or botanical substance or through (d) prove insufficient to prevent or
a substance included on the National control the target pest.
List of synthetic substances allowed for
(a) As algicide, disinfectants, and sani-
use in organic crop production may be
tizer, including irrigation system
applied to prevent, suppress or control
cleaning systems.
pests, weeds or diseases, provided that
the conditions for using the substance (1) Alcohols.
are documented in the organic system
(i) Ethanol.
plan.
(ii) Isopropanol.
(f) The producer must not use lumber
treated with arsenate or other prohib- (2) Chlorine materials— Except,
ited materials for new installations or That, residual chlorine levels in
replacement purposes in contact with the water shall not exceed the
soil or livestock. maximum residual disinfectant
limit under the Safe Drinking
§ 205.207 Wild-crop harvesting Water Act.
practice standard
(i) Calcium hypochlorite.
(a) A wild crop that is intended to be
sold, labeled or represented as (ii) Chlorine dioxide.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 5
6. (iii) Sodium hypochlorite. (2) Boric acid—structural pest con-
trol, no direct contact with
(3) Copper sulfate—for use as an
organic food or crops.
algicide in aquatic rice systems,
is limited to one application per (3) Copper sulfate—for use as tad-
field during any 24-month period. pole shrimp control in aquatic
Application rates are limited to rice production, is limited to one
those which do not increase base- application per field during any
line soil test values for copper over 24-month period. Application
a timeframe agreed upon by the rates are limited to levels which do
producer and accredited certifying not increase baseline soil test val-
agent. ues for copper over a timeframe
(4) Hydrogen peroxide. agreed upon by the producer and
accredited certifying agent.
(5) Ozone gas—for use as an irriga-
tion system cleaner only. (4) Elemental sulfur.
(6) Peracetic acid—for use in dis- (5) Lime sulfur—including calcium
infecting equipment, seed, and polysulfide.
asexually propagated planting (6) Oils, horticultural—narrow range
material. oils as dormant, suffocating, and
(7) Soap-based algicide/demossers. summer oils.
(b) As herbicides, weed barriers, as (7) Soaps, insecticidal.
applicable. (8) Sticky traps/barriers.
(1) Herbicides, soap-based—for use (9) Sucrose octanoate esters (CAS
in farmstead maintenance (road- #s—42922–74–7; 58064–47–
ways, ditches, right of ways, 4)—in accordance with approved
building perimeters) and orna- labeling.
mental crops.
(f) As insect management. Pheromones.
(2) Mulches.
(g) As rodenticides.
(i) Newspaper or other recycled
paper, without glossy or col- (1) Sulfur dioxide—underground
ored inks. rodent control only (smoke
bombs).
(ii) Plastic mulch and covers
(petroleum-based other than (2) Vitamin D3.
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)). (h) As slug or snail bait. Ferric phosphate
(c) As compost feedstocks—Newspapers (CAS # 10045–86–0).
or other recycled paper, without glossy (i) As plant disease control.
or colored inks.
(1) Coppers, fixed—copper hydroxide,
(d) As animal repellents—Soaps, ammo- copper oxide, copper oxychloride,
nium—for use as a large animal repel- includes products exempted from
lant only, no contact with soil or edi- EPA tolerance, provided that cop-
ble portion of crop.
per-based materials must be used
(e) As insecticides (including acaricides in a manner that minimizes accu-
or mite control). mulation in the soil and shall not
be used as herbicides.
(1) Ammonium carbonate—for use as
bait in insect traps only, no direct (2) Copper sulfate—Substance
contact with crop or soil. must be used in a manner that
Page 6 ATTRA Organic Standards for Crop Production
7. minimizes accumulation of copper iron, manganese, molybde-
in the soil. num, selenium, and cobalt.
(3) Hydrated lime. (7) Liquid fish products—can be pH
(4) Hydrogen peroxide. adjusted with sulfuric, citric or
phosphoric acid. The amount of
(5) Lime sulfur. acid used shall not exceed the
(6) Oils, horticultural, narrow range minimum needed to lower the pH
oils as dormant, suffocating, and to 3.5.
summer oils. (8) Vitamins, B1, C, and E.
(7) Peracetic acid—for use to control (k) As plant growth regulators. Ethylene
fire blight bacteria. gas—for regulation of pineapple
(8) Potassium bicarbonate. flowering.
(9) Elemental sulfur. (l) As floating agents in postharvest
handling.
(10) Streptomycin, for fire blight con-
trol in apples and pears only. (1) Lignin sulfonate.
(11) Tetracycline (oxytetracycline cal- (2) Sodium silicate—for tree fruit and
cium complex), for fire blight fiber processing.
control only. (m) As synthetic inert ingredients as
(j) As plant or soil amendments. classified by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), for use with
(1) Aquatic plant extracts (other than
non-synthetic substances or synthetic
hydrolyzed)—Extraction process
substances listed in this section and
is limited to the use of potassium
used as an active pesticide ingredient
hydroxide or sodium hydroxide;
in accordance with any limitations on
solvent amount used is limited
to that amount necessary for the use of such substances.
extraction. (1) EPA List 4—Inerts of Minimal
(2) Elemental sulfur. Concern.
(3) Humic acids—naturally occurring (2) EPA List 3—Inerts of Unknown
deposits, water and alkali extracts Toxicity allowed:
only. (i) Glycerine Oleate (Glyc-
(4) Lignin sulfonate—chelating agent, erol monooleate) (CAS #s
dust suppressant, floatation agent. 37220–82–9)—for use only
until December 31, 2006.
(5) Magnesium sulfate—allowed with
a documented soil deficiency. (ii) Inerts used in passive phero-
mone dispensers.
(6) Micronutrients—not to be used as
a defoliant, herbicide, or desic- (n) Seed preparations. Hydrogen chloride
cant. Those made from nitrates (CAS # 7647–01–0)—for delinting
or chlorides are not allowed. Soil cotton seed for planting.
deficiency must be documented (o)–(z) [Reserved]
by testing.
[65 FR 80637, Dec. 21, 2000, as
(i) Soluble boron products. amended at 68 FR 61992, Oct. 31, 2003;
(ii) Sulfates, carbonates, oxides, 71 FR 53302 Sept. 11, 2006; 72 FR
or silicates of zinc, copper, 69572, Dec. 10, 2007]
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 7
8. § 205.602 Non-synthetic substances Annual seedling. A plant grown from seed
prohibited for use in organic crop that will complete its life cycle or produce a
production harvestable yield within the same crop year
or season in which it was planted.
The following non-synthetic substances may
not be used in organic crop production: Audit trail. Documentation that is sufficient
to determine the source, transfer of owner-
(a) Ash from manure burning. ship and transportation of any agricultural
(b) Arsenic. product labeled as “100 percent organic,”
the organic ingredients of any agricultural
(c) Calcium chloride, brine process is product labeled as “organic” or “made
natural and prohibited for use except with organic (specified ingredients)” or
as a foliar spray to treat a physiologi- the organic ingredients of any agricultural
cal disorder associated with calcium product containing less than 70 percent
uptake. organic ingredients identified as organic in
(d) Lead salts. an ingredients statement.
(e) Potassium chloride—unless derived Biodegradable. Subject to biological
from a mined source and applied in a decomposition into simpler biochemical or
manner that minimizes chloride accu- chemical components.
mulation in the soil. Buffer zone. An area located between a
(f) Sodium fluoaluminate (mined). certified production operation or portion
of a production operation and an adjacent
(g) Sodium nitrate—unless use is land area that is not maintained under
restricted to no more than 20% of the organic management. A buffer zone must
crop’s total nitrogen requirement; use be sufficient in size or other features (such
in spirulina production is unrestricted as windbreaks or a diversion ditch) to pre-
until October 21, 2005. vent the possibility of unintended contact
(h) Strychnine. by prohibited substances applied to adja-
cent land areas with an area that is part of
(i) Tobacco dust (nicotine sulfate). a certified operation.
(j)–(z) [Reserved] Claims. Oral, written, implied or symbolic
[68 FR 61992, Oct. 31, 2003] representations, statements or advertising
or other forms of communication presented
§ 205.2 Terms defined [selected for to the public or buyers of agricultural
relevance to crop production] products that relate to the organic certifi-
Agricultural inputs. All substances or cation process or the terms “100 percent
materials used in the production or han- organic,” “organic” or “made with organic
dling of organic agricultural products. (specified ingredients or food groups),” or,
in the case of agricultural products contain-
Agricultural product. Any agricultural com- ing less than 70 percent organic ingredi-
modity or product, whether raw or pro- ents, the term “organic” on the ingredients
cessed, including any commodity or prod- panel.
uct derived from livestock, that is marketed
Commingling. Physical contact between
in the United States for human or livestock
unpackaged organically produced and non-
consumption.
organically produced agricultural products
Allowed synthetic. A substance that is during production, processing, transporta-
included on the National List of synthetic tion, storage or handling, other than during
substances allowed for use in organic pro- the manufacture of a multi-ingredient prod-
duction or handling. uct containing both types of ingredients.
Page 8 ATTRA Organic Standards for Crop Production
9. Compost. The product of a managed pro- of appropriate varieties and planting sites,
cess through which microorganisms break proper timing and density of plantings,
down plant and animal materials into more irrigation and extending a growing sea-
available forms suitable for application son by manipulating the microclimate with
to the soil. Compost must be produced green houses, cold frames or wind breaks.
through a process that combines plant and
animal materials with an initial C:N ratio of Detectable residue. The amount or pres-
between 25:1 and 40:1. Producers using ence of chemical residue or sample compo-
an in-vessel or static aerated pile system nent that can be reliably observed or found
must maintain the composting materials in the sample matrix by current approved
at a temperature between 131 and 170 analytical methodology.
degrees Fahrenheit for three days. Produc- Disease vectors. Plants or animals that har-
ers using a windrow system must maintain bor or transmit disease organisms or patho-
the composting materials at a tempera- gens that may attack crops or livestock.
ture between 131 and 170 degrees for 15
days, during which time the materials must Drift. The physical movement of prohib-
be turned a minimum of five times. ited substances from the intended target
site onto an organic operation or portion
Control. Any method that reduces or limits thereof.
damage by populations of pests, weeds or
diseases to levels that do not significantly Emergency pest or disease treatment pro-
reduce productivity. gram. A mandatory program authorized by
a federal, state or local agency for the pur-
Crop. A plant or part of a plant intended to pose of controlling or eradicating a pest or
be marketed as an agricultural product or disease.
fed to livestock.
Employee. Any person providing paid or
Crop residues. The plant parts remaining volunteer services for a certifying agent.
in a field after the harvest of a crop, which
include stalks, stems, leaves, roots and Excluded methods. A variety of methods
weeds. used to genetically modify organisms or
influence their growth and development by
Crop rotation. The practice of alternat- means that are not possible under natural
ing the annual crops grown on a specific conditions or processes and are not consid-
field in a planned pattern or sequence ered compatible with organic production.
in successive crop years so that crops of Such methods include cell fusion, micro-
the same species or family are not grown encapsulation and macroencapsulation and
repeatedly without interruption on the recombinant DNA technology including
same field. Perennial cropping systems gene deletion, gene doubling, introducing a
employ means such as alley cropping, foreign gene and changing the positions of
intercropping and hedgerows to introduce genes when achieved by recombinant DNA
biological diversity in lieu of crop rotation. technology. Such methods do not include
Crop year. The normal growing season for the use of traditional breeding, conjugation,
a crop as determined by the Secretary of fermentation, hybridization, in vitro fertil-
Agriculture. ization or tissue culture.
Cultivation. Digging up or cutting the soil Fertilizer. A single or blended substance
to prepare a seed bed, control weeds, aer- containing one or more recognized plant
ate the soil or work organic matter, crop nutrient(s) that is used primarily for its
residues or fertilizers into the soil. plant nutrient content and is designed for
use or claimed to have value in promoting
Cultural methods. Methods used to
plant growth.
enhance crop health and prevent weed,
pest or disease problems without the use of Field. An area of land identified as a dis-
substances. Examples include the selection crete unit within a production operation.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 9
10. Handle. To sell, process or package agri- growth, moderate soil temperature or con-
cultural products, except such term shall serve soil moisture.
not include the sale, transportation or
Narrow range oils. Petroleum derivatives,
delivery of crops or livestock by the pro- predominately of paraffinic and napthenic
ducer thereof to a handler. fractions with 50 percent boiling point (10
Inert ingredient. Any substance or group mm Hg) between 415 and 440 degrees.
of substances with similar chemical struc- National List. A list of allowed and prohib-
tures if designated by the Environmen- ited substances as provided for in the Act.
tal Protection Agency other than an
active ingredient which is intentionally Natural resources of the operation. The
included in any pesticide product (40 CFR physical, hydrological and biological fea-
152.3(m)). tures of a production operation, including
soil, water, wetlands, woodlands and
Label. A display of written, printed or wildlife.
graphic material on the immediate con-
tainer of an agricultural product or any Non-synthetic (natural). A substance that is
such material affixed to any agricultural derived from mineral, plant or animal mat-
product or affixed to a bulk container con- ter and does not undergo a synthetic pro-
taining an agricultural product, except cess as defined in section 6502(21) of the
for package liners or a display of written, Act (7 U.S.C. 6502(21)). For the purposes
of this part, non-synthetic is used as a syn-
printed or graphic material that contains
onym for natural as the term is used in the
only information about the weight of the
Act.
product.
Organic. A labeling term that refers to an
Labeling. All written, printed or graphic
agricultural product produced in accor-
material accompanying an agricultural
dance with the Act and the regulations in
product at any time or written, printed or this part.
graphic material about the agricultural
product displayed at retail stores. Organic matter. The remains, residues or
waste products of any organism.
Lot. Any number of containers which con-
tain an agricultural product of the same Organic production. A production system
kind located in the same conveyance, that is managed in accordance with the
warehouse or packing house and which are Act and regulations in this part to respond
available for inspection at the same time. to site-specific conditions by integrating
cultural, biological and mechanical prac-
Manure. Feces, urine, other excrement and tices that foster cycling of resources,
bedding produced by livestock that has not promote ecological balance and conserve
been composted. biodiversity.
Market information. Any written, printed, Organic system plan. A plan of manage-
audiovisual or graphic information, includ- ment of an organic production or handling
ing advertising, pamphlets, flyers, cata- operation that has been agreed to by the
logues, posters and signs, that is distrib- producer or handler and the certifying
uted, broadcast or made available outside agent and that includes written plans con-
of retail outlets and are used to assist in the cerning all aspects of agricultural produc-
sale or promotion of a product. tion or handling described in the Act and
the regulations in subpart C of this part.
Mulch. Any non-synthetic material, such
as wood chips, leaves or straw, or any syn- Pasture. Land used for livestock grazing
thetic material included on the National that is managed to provide feed value and
List for such use, such as newspaper maintain or improve soil, water and vegeta-
or plastic, that serves to suppress weed tive resources.
Page 10 ATTRA Organic Standards for Crop Production
11. Pesticide. Any substance which alone, in Sewage sludge. A solid, semisolid or liquid
chemical combination or in any formula- residue generated during the treatment of
tion with one or more substances is defined domestic sewage in a treatment works. Sew-
as a pesticide in section 2(u) of the Federal age sludge includes but is not limited to
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act domestic septage, scum or solids removed
(7 U.S.C. 136(u) et seq.). in primary, secondary or advanced waste-
water treatment processes and a material
Planting stock. Any plant or plant tissue derived from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge
other than annual seedlings but includ- does not include ash generated during the
ing rhizomes, shoots, leaf or stem cuttings, firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge
roots or tubers used in plant production or incinerator or grit and screenings generated
propagation. during preliminary treatment of domestic
Practice standard. The guidelines and sewage in a treatment works.
requirements through which a produc- Soil and water quality. Observable indica-
tion or handling operation implements a tors of the physical, chemical or biological
required component of its production or condition of soil and water, including the
handling organic system plan. A practice presence of environmental contaminants.
standard includes a series of allowed and
prohibited actions, materials and condi- Split operation. An operation that produces
tions to establish a minimum level perfor- or handles both organic and non-organic
mance for planning, conducting and main- agricultural products.
taining a function, such as livestock health Synthetic. A substance that is formulated
care or facility pest management, essential or manufactured by a chemical process
to an organic operation. or by a process that chemically changes a
Producer. A person who engages in the substance extracted from naturally occur-
business of growing or producing food, ring plant, animal or mineral sources,
fiber, feed and other agricultural-based except that such term shall not apply to
consumer products. substances created by naturally occurring
biological processes.
Production lot number/identifier. Identifi-
cation of a product used for quality con- Tolerance. The maximum legal level of a
trol purposes and based on the production pesticide chemical residue in or on a raw
sequence of the product showing the date, or processed agricultural commodity or
time and place of production. processed food.
Prohibited substance. A substance that the Transplant. A seedling which has been
use of in any aspect of organic production removed from its original place of produc-
or handling is prohibited or not provided tion, transported and replanted.
for in the Act or the regulations of this part. Unavoidable residual environmental con-
Records. Any information in written, visual tamination. Background levels of naturally
or electronic format that documents the occurring or synthetic chemicals that are
activities undertaken by a producer, han- present in the soil or present in organically
dler or certifying agent to comply with the produced agricultural products that are
Act and regulations in this part. below established tolerances.
Wild crop. Any plant or portion of a plant
Residue testing. An official or validated ana-
that is collected or harvested from a site
lytical procedure that detects, identifies and
that is not maintained under cultivation or
measures the presence of chemical sub-
other agricultural management.
stances, their metabolites or degradations
products in or on raw or processed agricul- [65 FR 80637, Dec. 21, 2000, as
tural products. amended at 72 FR 70484, Dec. 12, 2007]
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