This document provides a guide to publications from ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas) related to organic agriculture. It summarizes 14 publications that cover topics such as organic certification requirements, compliance, crop and livestock production, marketing, and pest management. The publications provide information on the USDA organic regulations and guidance for developing organic system plans and recordkeeping to meet certification standards. Readers can contact ATTRA to request print copies or speak with specialists about the publications.
Organic grain markets can be volatile, with periods of high and low supply and demand for different crops. However, some markets have remained stable. Organic grain prices have historically been around double conventional prices from 1995-2003, and sometimes triple conventional prices. Meeting buyer quality standards and maintaining relationships is important to achieving the best prices. Demand varies by grain type, with stable markets existing for some wheat varieties.
NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook: A Guide to Sustainable and Allowed PracticesElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a summary of NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook, which is intended to guide organic and transitional livestock producers in sustainable and certified organic practices. The workbook covers topics such as organic soil management, weed and pest control, feeding, housing, health care, record keeping and more to help farmers understand and comply with the USDA's National Organic Standards. It was developed with input from organic experts and farmers.
This document discusses adding value to farm products through food processing or non-food options. It describes the difference between capturing existing value through marketing and creating new value through processing. Starting a food business is one approach, requiring capital and management skills. Producer alliances can pool resources for larger scale processing but face competitive challenges. Non-food options include crafts and services. Overall, value-added enterprises increase farm income but require long-term commitment and ability to manage risks.
Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic ProgramElisaMendelsohn
Organic farmers seeking to market their products as certified organic must undergo a certification process to assure buyers of the integrity of their organic claims. This involves a third party certification agent evaluating the farm based on the National Organic Program standards. If the farm is found to meet these standards prohibiting synthetic inputs and ensuring separation from conventional operations, the farmer becomes certified and can market products with the USDA organic seal. The certification process provides consistency across certifiers and reassures consumers that certified products are truly organic. It requires documentation from farmers to demonstrate compliance with organic practices and prevent contamination. While certification involves costs and paperwork, it also opens access to premium prices in the organic market.
This document provides an overview of organic tree fruit production, including marketing considerations, orchard planning and establishment, and ongoing orchard management. Some key points:
- Marketing is critical to success, and the production system must be designed to meet the needs of intended markets. Premium pricing may be needed to offset typically higher organic production costs.
- Proper site selection is important, considering soil, climate, drainage and other environmental factors that cannot be easily changed. Variety selection should match the site conditions and market opportunities.
- Careful planning includes decisions around crop species, rootstocks, tree spacing and layout to optimize long-term productivity and efficiency within the limitations of the land. Establishing soil fertility and integrated pest management
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland regulations under the US National Organic Program. It defines key terms like pasture and organic, explaining that organic agriculture aims to create biological systems that maintain soil and ecological health without prohibited substances. The document outlines allowed and prohibited materials, requirements for organic integrity through record keeping, and resources for further information on organic livestock and pasture management.
Aquaponics — Integration of Hydroponics with AquacultureElisaMendelsohn
Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics. In aquaponics, nutrient-rich waste from fish tanks fertilizes hydroponically grown plants. The plants then filter the water, which is recirculated to the fish tanks. Recent innovations have improved aquaponics technology, enabling commercial viability. Aquaponics provides organic fertilizer to plants from fish waste while the plants remove toxins from the water, benefiting both fish and plants in a symbiotic system.
This document provides a guide to publications from ATTRA (Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas) related to organic agriculture. It summarizes 14 publications that cover topics such as organic certification requirements, compliance, crop and livestock production, marketing, and pest management. The publications provide information on the USDA organic regulations and guidance for developing organic system plans and recordkeeping to meet certification standards. Readers can contact ATTRA to request print copies or speak with specialists about the publications.
Organic grain markets can be volatile, with periods of high and low supply and demand for different crops. However, some markets have remained stable. Organic grain prices have historically been around double conventional prices from 1995-2003, and sometimes triple conventional prices. Meeting buyer quality standards and maintaining relationships is important to achieving the best prices. Demand varies by grain type, with stable markets existing for some wheat varieties.
NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook: A Guide to Sustainable and Allowed PracticesElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a summary of NCAT's Organic Livestock Workbook, which is intended to guide organic and transitional livestock producers in sustainable and certified organic practices. The workbook covers topics such as organic soil management, weed and pest control, feeding, housing, health care, record keeping and more to help farmers understand and comply with the USDA's National Organic Standards. It was developed with input from organic experts and farmers.
This document discusses adding value to farm products through food processing or non-food options. It describes the difference between capturing existing value through marketing and creating new value through processing. Starting a food business is one approach, requiring capital and management skills. Producer alliances can pool resources for larger scale processing but face competitive challenges. Non-food options include crafts and services. Overall, value-added enterprises increase farm income but require long-term commitment and ability to manage risks.
Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic ProgramElisaMendelsohn
Organic farmers seeking to market their products as certified organic must undergo a certification process to assure buyers of the integrity of their organic claims. This involves a third party certification agent evaluating the farm based on the National Organic Program standards. If the farm is found to meet these standards prohibiting synthetic inputs and ensuring separation from conventional operations, the farmer becomes certified and can market products with the USDA organic seal. The certification process provides consistency across certifiers and reassures consumers that certified products are truly organic. It requires documentation from farmers to demonstrate compliance with organic practices and prevent contamination. While certification involves costs and paperwork, it also opens access to premium prices in the organic market.
This document provides an overview of organic tree fruit production, including marketing considerations, orchard planning and establishment, and ongoing orchard management. Some key points:
- Marketing is critical to success, and the production system must be designed to meet the needs of intended markets. Premium pricing may be needed to offset typically higher organic production costs.
- Proper site selection is important, considering soil, climate, drainage and other environmental factors that cannot be easily changed. Variety selection should match the site conditions and market opportunities.
- Careful planning includes decisions around crop species, rootstocks, tree spacing and layout to optimize long-term productivity and efficiency within the limitations of the land. Establishing soil fertility and integrated pest management
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland regulations under the US National Organic Program. It defines key terms like pasture and organic, explaining that organic agriculture aims to create biological systems that maintain soil and ecological health without prohibited substances. The document outlines allowed and prohibited materials, requirements for organic integrity through record keeping, and resources for further information on organic livestock and pasture management.
Aquaponics — Integration of Hydroponics with AquacultureElisaMendelsohn
Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics. In aquaponics, nutrient-rich waste from fish tanks fertilizes hydroponically grown plants. The plants then filter the water, which is recirculated to the fish tanks. Recent innovations have improved aquaponics technology, enabling commercial viability. Aquaponics provides organic fertilizer to plants from fish waste while the plants remove toxins from the water, benefiting both fish and plants in a symbiotic system.
This document discusses three steps for ensuring compliant use of materials for organic production and handling according to the USDA's National Organic Program. First, operators must understand the relevant NOP regulations regarding allowed and prohibited materials. Second, operators must include all materials in their Organic System Plan and get approval from their certifier. Third, operators must document all material purchases and uses and keep records for at least five years. Following these steps helps ensure materials are used correctly according to organic standards.
This document provides an overview of organic tobacco production, including culture methods such as transplanting, field growing, and curing. It discusses two U.S. grower networks recruiting contract organic tobacco producers and notes organic acreage statistics for several states in 2005. The introduction focuses on appropriate techniques for organic tobacco and factors that influence crop quality such as soil, fertilization, and climate.
Seed Production and Variety Development for Organic SystemsElisaMendelsohn
The document discusses seed production and variety development for organic systems. It notes that while interest is growing in developing seed varieties specifically for organic production, this area is still in its infancy. Some public universities and seed companies are beginning to breed varieties suited to organic farming through participatory breeding programs and selecting traits that confer natural resistance. However, no commercially available seeds have been bred specifically for organic production yet. The document outlines challenges around increasing the supply of organic seeds and regulatory issues affecting U.S. organic farmers.
Potting Mixes for Certified Organic ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance on potting mixes that meet the requirements for certified organic production. It discusses both commercial blends and formulas for making your own mixes. The key points are:
1) Commercial blends must be OMRI listed to be certified organic, and some familiar products may no longer be allowed.
2) Homemade mixes should meet plant needs for air, water, nutrients and support. Recipes in appendices provide options to experiment with.
3) The National Organic Standard allows many ingredients in organic mixes, but prohibits some, so labels must be checked carefully.
This document provides organic field crop documentation forms for farmers to record information needed to demonstrate compliance with organic regulations. It includes forms for activities, inputs, seeds and planting stock, compost production, soil and pest monitoring, harvest records, and storage records for on-farm and off-farm storage of organic and conventional crops. The forms are intended to help farmers keep organized records of their practices to showcase they are farming organically as outlined in their organic system plan.
This publication provides guidance on organic bramble fruit production. It discusses selecting sites with well-drained soil and adequate sunlight. Proper cultural practices are described, including fertility management using compost and cover cropping. The publication also covers managing weeds, diseases and insects without synthetic chemicals. Greenhouse raspberry production methods and economics/marketing considerations for organic bramble fruits are also addressed.
The document summarizes the organic certification process for agricultural producers and handlers in the United States. It outlines the key steps: 1) selecting a certifier, 2) submitting an application and organic system plan, 3) review by the certifier, 4) an on-site inspection, 5) review of the inspection report, and 6) receiving organic certification if compliant. It describes the purposes of inspection as building consumer confidence in organic labels and improving farm management practices through record keeping. Benefits include understanding standards and identifying and solving production problems.
This document summarizes information on organic herb production in the United States, including:
- The growth in organic farming and sales of organic foods in the US. Around 7,200 producers were certified organic in 2001, with 2.07 million acres under organic cultivation.
- Herb production can provide additional income for small farms, though typical herb farms are small businesses that add value through direct marketing.
- Federal regulations now require certification for organic labels and marketing. The USDA provides oversight of the National Organic Program.
Soil Management: National Organic Program RegulationsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview and analysis of Section 205.203 of the National Organic Program regulations regarding soil fertility and crop nutrient management practices for organic production. It examines the three main provisions - (a) selecting tillage practices that maintain soil quality and minimize erosion, (b) managing crop nutrients through crop rotations and cover crops, and (c) applying plant and animal materials. For each provision, it discusses objectives, suggested practices to meet those objectives, and how practices can fulfill multiple provisions by improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed varieties, and provides details on production practices and marketing organic sweet corn.
Organic peanut production relies on cultural techniques that maintain soil fertility through crop rotation and composting, rather than off-farm inputs. While labor and management costs are higher for organic peanuts, farmers can find higher demand and premium prices in organic markets. The document discusses organic peanut production methods, varieties suited to different regions, challenges in organic marketing, and potential alternative uses for organic peanuts including forage and biodiesel production.
Organic Orchard, Vineyard, and Berry Crop Documentation FormsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides organic orchard, vineyard, and berry crop documentation forms for farmers to record information required to demonstrate compliance with the USDA National Organic Program. The forms include logs for recording activities, inputs, establishment practices, planting stock, fertility monitoring, pest monitoring, and harvest details for each crop block. Instructions are provided on the purpose and use of the forms.
This document provides a sustainability checklist for dairy farms to evaluate their operations. It includes sections on farm resources, management, facilities, livestock and forage programs, nutrient management, marketing, and assessments of pastures, soils, and watersheds. The checklist is intended to stimulate critical thinking about how management decisions impact different areas of the farm and identify strengths and areas for improvement. It suggests using the checklist over multiple meetings and focusing on identifying information needs rather than judging practices.
On Farm Food Safety with GAPs and FSMA
1) Foodborne illness affects millions of Americans each year, costing lives and billions of dollars. The Produce Safety Rule under FSMA aims to help prevent contamination of fresh produce to reduce foodborne illness. 2) GAPs (Good Agricultural Practices) are voluntary standards for farms to minimize risks of microbial, chemical, and physical hazards in fresh produce. The eight principles of GAPs include preventing contamination, following all laws, and maintaining records for accountability. 3) The Produce Safety Rule establishes science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables. It sets requirements for water, soil amendments, sprouts, animals,
This document provides forms and guidance for organic market farmers to document practices, inputs, and activities required to demonstrate compliance with the USDA National Organic Program regulations. It includes forms for recording production activities by field or bed, inputs, seed sources, compost production, pest monitoring, harvest records, and sales. The forms are intended to help farmers organize information needed for organic certification and inspections.
Este documento presenta actualizaciones al procedimiento para calcular la evapotranspiración de referencia y del cultivo a partir de datos meteorológicos y coeficientes de cultivo. Incorpora avances en investigación y un procedimiento más preciso para determinar el uso de agua de los cultivos según recomendaciones de expertos de la FAO. Explica métodos para determinar la evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia usando el método Penman-Monteith y provee procedimientos actualizados para estimar la evapotranspiración de diversos cultivos en diferentes etap
A Training Workshop on SELLING SOLAR LIGHTS: TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCE is going to be held on the 15th February 2014 at Center for Management Development, UPES, Village- Bidholi, Dehradun.
Find all the events and the timings here.
This document describes a study that used laser stimulation of neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to study synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was used to deliver the ChR2 gene to the neurons. Laser stimulation was able to activate action potentials in ChR2-expressing neurons. By voltage-clamping a neuron and scanning a laser, synaptic responses were observed at some locations, indicating spatial localization of stimulation. Pharmacological tests identified responses that were synaptic. While monosynaptic responses could not be entirely distinguished from polysynaptic ones, smaller amplitudes, simpler shapes, and latencies around 8 ms suggested monosynaptic interactions.
Mobile marketing is an emerging opportunity, especially in emerging markets like India where mobile penetration is high. Some key points:
1. Mobile marketing allows companies to reach a large customer base through targeted, personalized messages on wireless networks.
2. Emerging markets like India, China, and Brazil have seen strong growth in mobile users, with India having over 900 million subscribers.
3. Mobile marketing offers advantages over other media in reach, frequency of exposure, effectiveness of message delivery, convenience, localization, integration, and building relationships.
4. Emerging mobile marketing technologies that may be used include mobile websites, SMS alerts/reminders, mobile apps, coupons, QR codes, and mobile search advertising.
This document discusses three steps for ensuring compliant use of materials for organic production and handling according to the USDA's National Organic Program. First, operators must understand the relevant NOP regulations regarding allowed and prohibited materials. Second, operators must include all materials in their Organic System Plan and get approval from their certifier. Third, operators must document all material purchases and uses and keep records for at least five years. Following these steps helps ensure materials are used correctly according to organic standards.
This document provides an overview of organic tobacco production, including culture methods such as transplanting, field growing, and curing. It discusses two U.S. grower networks recruiting contract organic tobacco producers and notes organic acreage statistics for several states in 2005. The introduction focuses on appropriate techniques for organic tobacco and factors that influence crop quality such as soil, fertilization, and climate.
Seed Production and Variety Development for Organic SystemsElisaMendelsohn
The document discusses seed production and variety development for organic systems. It notes that while interest is growing in developing seed varieties specifically for organic production, this area is still in its infancy. Some public universities and seed companies are beginning to breed varieties suited to organic farming through participatory breeding programs and selecting traits that confer natural resistance. However, no commercially available seeds have been bred specifically for organic production yet. The document outlines challenges around increasing the supply of organic seeds and regulatory issues affecting U.S. organic farmers.
Potting Mixes for Certified Organic ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance on potting mixes that meet the requirements for certified organic production. It discusses both commercial blends and formulas for making your own mixes. The key points are:
1) Commercial blends must be OMRI listed to be certified organic, and some familiar products may no longer be allowed.
2) Homemade mixes should meet plant needs for air, water, nutrients and support. Recipes in appendices provide options to experiment with.
3) The National Organic Standard allows many ingredients in organic mixes, but prohibits some, so labels must be checked carefully.
This document provides organic field crop documentation forms for farmers to record information needed to demonstrate compliance with organic regulations. It includes forms for activities, inputs, seeds and planting stock, compost production, soil and pest monitoring, harvest records, and storage records for on-farm and off-farm storage of organic and conventional crops. The forms are intended to help farmers keep organized records of their practices to showcase they are farming organically as outlined in their organic system plan.
This publication provides guidance on organic bramble fruit production. It discusses selecting sites with well-drained soil and adequate sunlight. Proper cultural practices are described, including fertility management using compost and cover cropping. The publication also covers managing weeds, diseases and insects without synthetic chemicals. Greenhouse raspberry production methods and economics/marketing considerations for organic bramble fruits are also addressed.
The document summarizes the organic certification process for agricultural producers and handlers in the United States. It outlines the key steps: 1) selecting a certifier, 2) submitting an application and organic system plan, 3) review by the certifier, 4) an on-site inspection, 5) review of the inspection report, and 6) receiving organic certification if compliant. It describes the purposes of inspection as building consumer confidence in organic labels and improving farm management practices through record keeping. Benefits include understanding standards and identifying and solving production problems.
This document summarizes information on organic herb production in the United States, including:
- The growth in organic farming and sales of organic foods in the US. Around 7,200 producers were certified organic in 2001, with 2.07 million acres under organic cultivation.
- Herb production can provide additional income for small farms, though typical herb farms are small businesses that add value through direct marketing.
- Federal regulations now require certification for organic labels and marketing. The USDA provides oversight of the National Organic Program.
Soil Management: National Organic Program RegulationsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview and analysis of Section 205.203 of the National Organic Program regulations regarding soil fertility and crop nutrient management practices for organic production. It examines the three main provisions - (a) selecting tillage practices that maintain soil quality and minimize erosion, (b) managing crop nutrients through crop rotations and cover crops, and (c) applying plant and animal materials. For each provision, it discusses objectives, suggested practices to meet those objectives, and how practices can fulfill multiple provisions by improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed varieties, and provides details on production practices and marketing organic sweet corn.
Organic peanut production relies on cultural techniques that maintain soil fertility through crop rotation and composting, rather than off-farm inputs. While labor and management costs are higher for organic peanuts, farmers can find higher demand and premium prices in organic markets. The document discusses organic peanut production methods, varieties suited to different regions, challenges in organic marketing, and potential alternative uses for organic peanuts including forage and biodiesel production.
Organic Orchard, Vineyard, and Berry Crop Documentation FormsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides organic orchard, vineyard, and berry crop documentation forms for farmers to record information required to demonstrate compliance with the USDA National Organic Program. The forms include logs for recording activities, inputs, establishment practices, planting stock, fertility monitoring, pest monitoring, and harvest details for each crop block. Instructions are provided on the purpose and use of the forms.
This document provides a sustainability checklist for dairy farms to evaluate their operations. It includes sections on farm resources, management, facilities, livestock and forage programs, nutrient management, marketing, and assessments of pastures, soils, and watersheds. The checklist is intended to stimulate critical thinking about how management decisions impact different areas of the farm and identify strengths and areas for improvement. It suggests using the checklist over multiple meetings and focusing on identifying information needs rather than judging practices.
On Farm Food Safety with GAPs and FSMA
1) Foodborne illness affects millions of Americans each year, costing lives and billions of dollars. The Produce Safety Rule under FSMA aims to help prevent contamination of fresh produce to reduce foodborne illness. 2) GAPs (Good Agricultural Practices) are voluntary standards for farms to minimize risks of microbial, chemical, and physical hazards in fresh produce. The eight principles of GAPs include preventing contamination, following all laws, and maintaining records for accountability. 3) The Produce Safety Rule establishes science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables. It sets requirements for water, soil amendments, sprouts, animals,
This document provides forms and guidance for organic market farmers to document practices, inputs, and activities required to demonstrate compliance with the USDA National Organic Program regulations. It includes forms for recording production activities by field or bed, inputs, seed sources, compost production, pest monitoring, harvest records, and sales. The forms are intended to help farmers organize information needed for organic certification and inspections.
Este documento presenta actualizaciones al procedimiento para calcular la evapotranspiración de referencia y del cultivo a partir de datos meteorológicos y coeficientes de cultivo. Incorpora avances en investigación y un procedimiento más preciso para determinar el uso de agua de los cultivos según recomendaciones de expertos de la FAO. Explica métodos para determinar la evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia usando el método Penman-Monteith y provee procedimientos actualizados para estimar la evapotranspiración de diversos cultivos en diferentes etap
A Training Workshop on SELLING SOLAR LIGHTS: TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCE is going to be held on the 15th February 2014 at Center for Management Development, UPES, Village- Bidholi, Dehradun.
Find all the events and the timings here.
This document describes a study that used laser stimulation of neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to study synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) was used to deliver the ChR2 gene to the neurons. Laser stimulation was able to activate action potentials in ChR2-expressing neurons. By voltage-clamping a neuron and scanning a laser, synaptic responses were observed at some locations, indicating spatial localization of stimulation. Pharmacological tests identified responses that were synaptic. While monosynaptic responses could not be entirely distinguished from polysynaptic ones, smaller amplitudes, simpler shapes, and latencies around 8 ms suggested monosynaptic interactions.
Mobile marketing is an emerging opportunity, especially in emerging markets like India where mobile penetration is high. Some key points:
1. Mobile marketing allows companies to reach a large customer base through targeted, personalized messages on wireless networks.
2. Emerging markets like India, China, and Brazil have seen strong growth in mobile users, with India having over 900 million subscribers.
3. Mobile marketing offers advantages over other media in reach, frequency of exposure, effectiveness of message delivery, convenience, localization, integration, and building relationships.
4. Emerging mobile marketing technologies that may be used include mobile websites, SMS alerts/reminders, mobile apps, coupons, QR codes, and mobile search advertising.
The long awaited hour was finally at hand as the UPES SPE Fest 2014 got under way on 6th Feb 2014. This fest saw the presence of a panel of estimated & valued dignitaries chief guest Mr. Rich Paces, Director Operations, Cairn India Limited along with Mr. Mohd Fiyazudeen - Reservoir Engineer, Mr. Sumit Malik - Principal Drilling Engineer and Mr. Pradeep Singh - Principal Operations Geologist, Cairn India Limited.
The Auditorium was jampacked with participants whose enthusiasm lent a great atmosphere to the fest. UPES hosted participants from 14 national universities & 6 international universities for the SPE Fest 2014.
The event was kicked off with the unveiling of the mascot and the launch of the 2013-2014 Annual magazine Energy Era. This ceremony heralded the gush of events that took place from 6th - 9th February 2014.
Here is our overview of what went down at the amazing 3 day SPE Fest!
The document outlines a business success program that aims to:
1) Help businesses in Vietnam prepare for upcoming international standards by developing their businesses and employees now according to these standards.
2) Advises that acquiring international standard training programs is the next best option if international trainers are unavailable internally.
3) Provides examples of how some Vietnamese businesses have already adopted best international practices and standards.
The University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, campus buzzed with excitement on the eighth day, i.e. June 28th, 2016, of Phase I of its 4th consecutive Orientation Program - ‘Monsoon Management Magic - M3’.
Organic Standards for Crop Production: Highlights of the USDA's National Orga...ElisaMendelsohn
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic crop production. It summarizes key standards for land requirements, soil fertility and nutrient management, seeds and planting stock, crop rotation, and pest, weed and disease management. The excerpts also list synthetic and non-synthetic substances that are allowed or prohibited for use in organic crop production according to the National List.
Organic Standards for Livestock Production: Excerpts of USDA's National Organ...ElisaMendelsohn
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic livestock production. It summarizes key requirements in three areas: recordkeeping that must be kept by certified organic operations; the organic system plan that must be submitted; and standards for the origin of livestock, livestock feed, health care practices, and living conditions. The full regulations address additional aspects of organic crop and handling standards that producers must also follow.
Organic Standards for Crop Production: Highlights of the USDA's National Orga...Gardening
This document provides excerpts from the USDA's National Organic Program regulations regarding standards for organic crop production. It includes standards for all certified organic operations, crop production specific standards for land requirements, soil fertility and nutrient management, seeds and planting stock, crop rotation, pest and disease management, and wild crop harvesting. Lists of synthetic substances allowed and non-synthetic substances prohibited for use in organic crop production are also provided. The introduction explains that this is not a complete summary of all standards and should be used together with other relevant organic standards documents.
Organic Standards for Livestock Production: Excerpts of USDA's National Organ...Gardening
The document summarizes key standards from the USDA's National Organic Program regarding organic livestock production. It provides verbatim excerpts from the regulations on requirements for record keeping by certified organic operations, organic system plans, the origin of livestock and livestock feed, healthcare practices, living conditions, pasture practice, temporary variances, and allowed/prohibited substances. The introduction provides context on the development and purpose of the national organic standards.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersElisaMendelsohn
This document provides a compliance checklist for producers seeking organic certification under the National Organic Program. It covers general certification requirements and details practices and procedures, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other information required in an organic system plan. The checklist is intended to help producers assess compliance with USDA organic regulations and make the certification process easier for producers, inspectors, and certifiers. It refers users to additional resources on organic crop and livestock production.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersElisaMendelsohn
The document is a compliance checklist for producers seeking organic certification from the USDA's National Organic Program (NOP). It contains over 100 questions organized into 7 sections addressing various aspects of organic production and handling practices, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other requirements. The checklist is intended to help producers and certifiers evaluate compliance with NOP standards in an efficient manner. Additional resources on organic certification and developing an organic system plan are also listed.
The document discusses three basic steps for organic producers and handlers to ensure compliant use of materials under the USDA's National Organic Program:
1. Understand the relevant NOP regulations by reviewing the full standards and identifying sections that address allowed and prohibited materials for your type of operation.
2. Create an Organic System Plan listing all materials to be used and obtain approval from your certifier before using any materials.
3. Document all material purchases and applications, and retain records for at least five years.
Following these three steps helps operations use materials correctly according to the standards and avoids issues that could require restarting the three-year transition to organic certification.
National Organic Program Compliance Checklist for ProducersGardening
This document provides a compliance checklist for organic producers. It was developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) with funds from the USDA National Organic Program and Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. The checklist is intended to help producers assess if their farm or operation is compliant with the National Organic Program standards. It covers general certification information, production practices and procedures, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, and other requirements. Additional resources on organic certification and production are also listed.
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland management under the US National Organic Program. It describes how organic certification applies standards for crop production to pasturelands. The focus is on building healthy soil through the soil food web by feeding it organic matter like plant residues, manure, and root exudates. Nitrogen is supplied through legumes and manure rather than synthetic fertilizers to develop a balanced, biologically active system.
This document provides an introduction to organic pasture and rangeland management under the US National Organic Program. It describes how organic certification applies standards for crop production to pasturelands. The focus is on building soil health through the soil food web by feeding the soil organic matter through practices like rotational grazing and nutrient cycling. Nitrogen is an important nutrient, and legumes are emphasized as the primary source of nitrogen in organic systems rather than synthetic fertilizers. Proper record keeping is required to document compliance with the organic standards.
Organic System Plan (OSP) Templates for CertifiersGardening
This document provides templates for organic system plans (OSPs) that can be used by organic certifying agencies. It includes templates for organic farm plans, organic farm plan updates, organic livestock plans, and organic handling plans. The templates are designed to address the requirements for OSPs under the National Organic Program, including practices, inputs, monitoring, recordkeeping, management, and other information required. The templates are available for certifiers and others to adapt as needed.
Preparing for an Organic Inspection: Steps and ChecklistsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance for organic producers and handlers to prepare for their annual organic certification inspection. It outlines four key steps: 1) Review the sections of the National Organic Standards relevant to your operation; 2) Review your Organic Systems Plan and ensure it is up to date; 3) Review any past communications from your certifier; 4) Gather your records using the provided organic inspection checklists. Following these steps will help your inspection go more smoothly and ensure your operation is fully compliant with organic standards.
Preparing for an Organic Inspection: Steps and ChecklistsElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance for organic producers and handlers to prepare for their annual organic certification inspection. It outlines four key steps: 1) Review the sections of the National Organic Standards relevant to your operation; 2) Review your Organic Systems Plan and ensure it is up to date; 3) Review any past communications from your certifier; 4) Gather your records using the provided organic inspection checklists. Following these steps will help your inspection go more smoothly and ensure your operation is fully compliant with organic standards.
This document provides information on organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, weed control, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Organic sweet corn production differs from conventional methods in its reliance on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures for soil fertility and its use of mechanical cultivation and biological controls to manage pests. The document discusses organic certification requirements and considerations for seed selection, fertility management, pest control, and post-harvest handling.
Organic Farm Certification & the National Organic ProgramElisaMendelsohn
Organic farmers seeking to market their products as certified organic must undergo a certification process to assure buyers of the integrity of their organic claims. This involves a third party certification agent evaluating the farm based on the National Organic Program standards. If the farm is found to meet these standards prohibiting synthetic inputs and ensuring separation from conventional operations, the farmer becomes certified and can market products with the USDA organic seal. The certification process provides consistency across certifiers and reassures consumers that certified products are truly organic. It requires documentation from farmers to demonstrate compliance with organic practices and prevent contamination. While certification involves costs and paperwork, it also opens access to premium prices in the organic market.
Similar to Organic Standards for All Organic Operations: Highlights of the USDA's National Organic Program Regulations (20)
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
Sistemas Avícolas Alternativos con Acceso a PasturaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe y compara sistemas avícolas alternativos y convencionales. Los sistemas alternativos incluyen aves con acceso a pasturas a través de casas fijas, casas portátiles, corrales de pastura u otros diseños que permiten a las aves expresar su comportamiento natural al aire libre. Estos sistemas son comúnmente a pequeña escala e integrados a granjas diversificadas. El acceso al exterior es una parte importante del bienestar de las aves y permite producción extensiva en comparación con los sistem
Producción Orgánica de Lechugas de Especialidad y Verduras Para EnsaladaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe las técnicas de producción orgánica de lechugas de especialidad y ensaladas. Explica que el mercado de lechugas de especialidad ha crecido, pero que el aumento de la producción ha hecho bajar los precios. Describe diferentes tipos de lechugas y verduras para ensaladas, así como técnicas de preparación del suelo, propagación, control de plagas y cosecha. Resalta la importancia de planificar cultivos para mantener un suministro constante a lo largo de la temporada.
Este documento cubre el procesamiento de aves a pequeña escala, ya sea en la granja o en plantas pequeñas. Describe las etapas clave del procesamiento, como la inmovilización, matanza, sangrado, desplume, evisceración, enfriamiento y empaque. También compara el procesamiento a pequeña, mediana y gran escala, y explica cómo el acceso a instalaciones de procesamiento es crucial para los pequeños productores avícolas.
Planeando la Plantación de Vegetales para una Cosecha ContinuaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento ofrece consejos para planificar plantaciones sucesivas de vegetales con el fin de lograr una cosecha continua a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento. Explica que es importante mantener registros de plantaciones y cosechas anteriores para determinar las fechas óptimas de siembra. También destaca que el clima y las condiciones de la tierra afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos, por lo que es útil considerar las temperaturas ideales de germinación de cada vegetal. El documento incluye una tabla con esta información y un
Este documento trata sobre la nutrición de rumiantes en pastoreo. Explica que los rumiantes como vacunos, ovinos y caprinos pueden convertir plantas no comestibles para humanos en alimentos mediante la digestión de la celulosa. También destaca que la mayoría de las tierras son aptas solo para pastoreo, no para cultivo, y que el pastoreo es una forma eficiente de convertir la biomasa vegetal en alimentos como carne y leche. Además, resalta la importancia de entender la nutrición de los rumiantes considerando fact
Este documento trata sobre los requerimientos nutricionales para aves de pastura y cómo cubrirlos a través de diferentes ingredientes alimenticios comunes y poco comunes. Explica el valor nutritivo de ingredientes como el maíz, trigo, avena, harina de pescado y frijol soya, y discute consideraciones como la molienda, la formulación de raciones y la nutrición aplicada para diferentes tasas de crecimiento y estilos de alimentación.
Nuevos Mercados para Su Cosecha (audio version)ElisaMendelsohn
Pedro quiere vender sus productos agrícolas pero no puede vender todo en el mercado local y los comerciantes le ofrecen precios bajos. José le sugiere vender a instituciones como escuelas, hospitales y asilos de ancianos. José introduce a Pedro con el comprador de alimentos del hospital local. El comprador está interesado en comprar productos de la granja de Pedro y pide detalles sobre sus productos, precios y disponibilidad. Pedro comienza a vender lechuga al hospital y el comprador pide un volumen mayor, pero Pedro no puede
Los Escarabajos del Pepino: Manejo Integrado de Plagas — MIP Orgánico y Biora...ElisaMendelsohn
Los escarabajos del pepino son plagas importantes de cultivos de cucurbitáceas en los Estados Unidos. Transmiten enfermedades bacterianas y virales y causan daño directo al alimentarse de raíces, tallos, hojas y frutos. Sus ciclos de vida y las medidas orgánicas de control como plantación tardía, cobertores flotantes, cultivos trampa e insecticidas botánicos deben ser comprendidos para implementar estrategias de manejo integrado efectivas.
Las Crónicas Orgánicas No. 1: No Tenga Pánico Vuélvase OrgánicoElisaMendelsohn
Este documento presenta la historia de Pedro, un agricultor, que aprende sobre los beneficios de la agricultura orgánica a través de una visita a una granja orgánica y conversaciones con agricultores orgánicos. Pedro descubre que la agricultura orgánica fomenta la biodiversidad en el suelo y los cultivos, lo que ayuda a controlar plagas de forma natural. Aprende que el uso de pesticidas químicos puede dañar a los organismos benéficos en el suelo y los cultivos. Finalmente, Pedro decide convertir
La Certificación para Granjas Orgánicas y el Programa Orgánico NacionalElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe los requisitos para la certificación orgánica de granjas y el Programa Orgánico Nacional de los EE.UU. Los agricultores que quieran vender sus productos como orgánicos deben obtener la certificación de un agente acreditado. La certificación asegura a los consumidores que los productos cumplen con las normas orgánicas. El Programa Orgánico Nacional estableció normas uniformes para la certificación y acredita agentes certificadores. Los agricultores deben cumplir con las normas de producción e
Jardinería Comercial: Consideraciones para Producción de Frutas y VerdurasElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona consideraciones para iniciar un negocio de jardinería comercial. Explica que se debe desarrollar un plan de negocios que incluya un plan de marketing enfocado en los mercados. También discute opciones de mercado como mercados de productores, ventas directas, restaurantes e instituciones. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia de aprender técnicas de producción a través de talleres, conferencias u observando otros productores.
Guía Ilustrada para la Producción de Ovinos y CaprinosElisaMendelsohn
Este documento es una guía ilustrada para la producción de ovinos y caprinos. Proporciona información sobre la selección de animales, la alimentación y el pastoreo, el cuidado de animales jóvenes y de cría, la sanidad, el equipo y el manejo, y la comercialización de productos de ovinos y caprinos. La guía describe las características deseables para una buena conformación en ovinos y caprinos, y ofrece consejos sobre cómo proveer una dieta y pastoreo saludables para estos animales.
Este documento proporciona una guía sobre métodos orgánicos para producir fresas. Cubre técnicas como el control de malezas mediante acolchado de plástico negro, fertilización orgánica, y control biológico de plagas. También discute sistemas de producción como la plantación en camellones con plástico y la producción en túneles, y provee recursos adicionales sobre certificación orgánica y recomendaciones de variedades por estado. La producción orgánica de fresas puede requerir más esf
Este documento describe el equipamiento básico necesario para una pequeña granja avícola, enfocándose en los sistemas de bebederos y comederos. Explica que los bebederos son cruciales para el bienestar de las aves y deben proveer agua limpia de manera confiable para prevenir enfermedades y la muerte de los pollos. También discute brevemente consideraciones para cercos, perchas y cajas nido.
Este documento describe el proceso de certificación orgánica según las normas del Programa Nacional Orgánico del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Explica que la certificación permite vender, representar y etiquetar productos como orgánicos, y que involucra inspecciones anuales realizadas por un certificador acreditado para verificar el cumplimiento de las normas. También destaca algunos de los beneficios de la certificación, como mantener mejores registros que ayudan a identificar y resolver problemas de producción con mayor facilidad.
Este documento trata sobre el manejo sostenible de suelos. Explica las propiedades básicas del suelo y los pasos para mejorar y mantener la calidad del suelo de manera sostenible. Cubre temas como la importancia de la materia orgánica y los organismos del suelo, técnicas para mejorar el suelo como el compost y la labranza reducida, y ejemplos de agricultores que han tenido éxito mejorando la calidad de sus suelos.
El Manejo de Gallineros para la Producción AlternativaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona información sobre el manejo del medio ambiente en la producción avícola alternativa. Explica que tanto el área interior como el exterior son importantes para el bienestar de las aves. Detalla la importancia de la ventilación, temperatura, iluminación y lecho dentro del gallinero. Además, enfatiza que la producción alternativa a menudo ocurre a pequeña escala y puede ser certificada orgánica, requiriendo ciertas prácticas especiales en comparación con la avicultura convencional.
Este documento describe los cuatro pasos que los productores y procesadores orgánicos deben seguir para prepararse adecuadamente para su inspección de certificación orgánica anual. El primer paso es leer las secciones pertinentes de las Normas Orgánicas Nacionales según el tipo de operación. El segundo paso es revisar su Plan de Sistema Orgánico. El tercer paso es revisar la comunicación de la agencia certificadora del año pasado. El cuarto paso es organizar todos los registros requeridos usando las listas proporcionadas. La public
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. o § 205.600 Evaluation criteria for applicable state program’s govern-
allowed and prohibited sub- ing official and the certifying agent
stances, methods and ingredients during normal business hours.
• Labels, labeling and market information
2) § 205.201 Organic production
o § 205.300 Use of the term
and handling system plan
“organic”
o § 205.301 Product composition a) A producer or handler of a produc-
• § 205.2 Selected defined terms tion or handling operation, except as
exempt or excluded under § 205.101,
For complete information about labeling
intending to sell, label or represent
requirements, see sections 205.302-3.11
agricultural products as “100 per-
included in ATTRA’s Organic Handling cent organic,” “organic” or “made
Standards Highlights. with organic (specified ingredients
or food groups)” must develop an
Excerpts organic production or handling
system plan that is agreed to by the
Recordkeeping and organizing producer or handler and an accred-
systems ited certifying agent. An organic
1) § 205.103 Recordkeeping by system plan must meet the require-
certified operations ments set forth in this section for
organic production or handling.”
a) A certified operation must main-
tain records concerning the pro- i) An organic production or han-
duction, harvesting and handling dling system plan must include:
of agricultural products that are 1) A description of practices
or that are intended to be sold, and procedures to be per-
labeled or represented as “100 formed and maintained, and
percent organic,” “organic” or the frequency with which they
“made with organic (specified will be performed;
ingredients or food groups).”
2) A list of each substance to
i) Such records must: be used as a production or
1) Adapt to the particular busi-
handling input, indicating
ness that the certified opera- its composition, source,
tion is conducting; location(s) where it will be
used and documentation of
2) Fully disclose all activities and commercial availability, as
transactions of the certified applicable;
operation in sufficient detail
3) A description of the monitoring
that is readily understood and
practices and procedures to
audited;
be performed and maintained,
3) Be maintained for at least 5 including the frequency with
years beyond their creation; which they will be performed,
and to verify that the plan is effec-
tively implemented;
4) Demonstrate compliance with
the Act and the regulations in 4) A description of the record-
this part. keeping system implemented to
comply with the requirements
ii) A certified operation must make
established in § 205.103;
records available for inspection
and copying by authorized rep- 5) A description of the manage-
resentatives of the secretary, the ment practices and physical
Page 2 ATTRA Highlights of the USDA’s National Organic Program Regulations
3. barriers established to pre- 2) The substance’s manufac-
vent commingling of organic ture, use and disposal do not
and non-organic products on a have adverse effects on the
split operation and to prevent environment and are done
contact of organic production in a manner compatible with
and handling operations and organic handling;
products with prohibited sub- 3) The nutritional quality of the
stances; and food is maintained when the
6) Additional information deemed substance is used and the
necessary by the certifying substance itself or its break-
agent to evaluate compliance down products do not have
with the regulations. an adverse effect on human
health as defined by applica-
b) A producer may substitute a plan ble federal regulations;
prepared to meet the requirements
of another federal, state or local 4) The substance’s primary use
government regulatory program for is not as a preservative or to
the organic system plan, provided re-create or improve flavors,
that the submitted plan meets all colors, textures or nutritive
value lost during processing,
the requirements of this subpart.
except where the replacement
of nutrients is required by law;
The National List of Allowed and
5) The substance is listed as gen-
Prohibited Substances erally recognized as safe by
1) § 205.600 Evaluation criteria the Food and Drug Adminis-
for allowed and prohibited sub- tration (FDA) when used in
stances, methods and ingredients accordance with the FDA’s
a) The following criteria will be uti- good manufacturing practices
lized in the evaluation of substances and contains no residues of
or ingredients for the organic pro- heavy metals or other contam-
duction and handling sections of inants in excess of tolerances
set by the FDA; and
the National List:
6) The substance is essential for
i) Synthetic and non-synthetic sub-
the handling of organically pro-
stances considered for inclusion
duced agricultural products.
in or deletion from the National
List will be evaluated using the iii) Non-synthetics used in organic
criteria specified in the Act (7 processing will be evaluated
U.S.C. 6517 and 6518). using the criteria specified in the
Act (7 U.S.C. 6517 and 6518).
ii) In addition to the criteria set
forth in the Act, any synthetic Editor’s note: The National List of Allowed and
substance used as a processing Prohibited Substances is subject to change as
aid or adjuvant will be evaluated a result of legal actions, petitions to add or
against the following criteria: remove materials or technical corrections.
Please check the Web site www.ams.usda.gov/
1) The substance cannot be nop/NOP/standards/FullRegTextOnly.html for
produced from a natural the most current update of § 205.601-606 for
source and there are no lists of materials allowed and prohibited for
crop and livestock production or handling.
organic substitutes;
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 3
4. Labels, labeling and market b) Products sold, labeled or repre-
sented as “organic”
information
1) § 205.300 Use of the term i) A raw or processed agricultural
“organic” product sold, labeled or repre-
sented as “organic” must con-
a) The term “organic” may only be tain (by weight or fluid volume,
used on labels and in labeling of raw excluding water and salt) at least
or processed agricultural products 95 percent organically produced
and ingredients that have been pro- raw or processed agricultural
duced and handled in accordance products. Any remaining prod-
with the regulations in this part. The uct ingredients must be organi-
term “organic” may not be used in cally produced unless not com-
a product name to modify a non- mercially available in organic
organic ingredient in the product. form or must be nonagricultural
b) Products for export or produced substances or non-organically
and certified to foreign organic produced agricultural products
produced consistent with the
standards or foreign contract buyer
National List in subpart G of
requirements may be labeled in
this part. If labeled as organi-
accordance with the organic label-
cally produced, such product
ing requirements of the receiv-
must be labeled pursuant to §
ing country or contract buyer if
205.303.
the shipping containers and ship-
ping documents meet the labeling c) Products sold, labeled or repre-
requirements specified in sented as “made with organic (spec-
§ 205.307(c). ified ingredients or food groups)”
c) Products produced in a foreign i) Multi-ingredient agricultural
country and exported for sale in the product sold, labeled or repre-
United States must be certified pur- sented as “made with organic
suant to subpart E of this part and (specified ingredients or food
labeled pursuant to this subpart D. groups)” must contain (by
weight or fluid volume, exclud-
d) Livestock feeds produced in accor- ing water and salt) at least
dance with the requirements of this 70 percent organically pro-
part must be labeled in accordance duced ingredients that are pro-
with the requirements of duced and handled pursuant to
§ 205.306. requirements in subpart C of
2) § 205.301 Product composition this part. No ingredients may be
produced using prohibited prac-
a) Products sold, labeled or repre- tices specified in paragraphs one
sented as “100 percent organic” through three of § 205.301(f).
i) A raw or processed agricultural Non-organic ingredients may
product sold, labeled or repre- be produced without regard to
sented as “100 percent organic” paragraphs four through seven
must contain (by weight or fluid of § 205.301(f). If labeled as
volume, excluding water and containing organically produced
salt) 100 percent organically ingredients or food groups, such
produced ingredients. If labeled product must be labeled pursu-
as organically produced, such ant to § 205.304.
product must be labeled pursu- d) Products with less than 70 percent
ant to § 205.303. organically produced ingredients
Page 4 ATTRA Highlights of the USDA’s National Organic Program Regulations
5. i) The organic ingredients in 4) Be processed using process-
multi-ingredient agricultural ing aids not approved on the
product containing less than 70 National List in subpart G
percent organically produced of this part, however prod-
ingredients (by weight or fluid ucts labeled as “100 percent
volume, excluding water and organic,” if processed, must
salt) must be produced and be processed using organi-
handled pursuant to require- cally produced processing
ments in subpart C of this part. aids;
The non-organic ingredients 5) Contain sulfites, nitrates or
may be produced and handled nitrites added during the pro-
without regard to the require- duction or handling process.
ments of this part. Multi- However, wine containing
ingredient agricultural product added sulfites may be labeled
containing less than 70 percent “made with organic grapes”;
organically produced ingredi-
ents may represent the organic 6) Be produced using non-organic
nature of the product only as ingredients when organic
provided in § 205.305. ingredients are available; or
e) Livestock feed 7) Include organic and non-
organic forms of the same
i) A raw or processed livestock ingredient.
feed product sold, labeled or
represented as “100 percent For complete information about labeling
organic” must contain (by weight requirements, see sections 205.302-3.11
or fluid volume, excluding water included in ATTRA’s Organic Handling
and salt) not less than 100 per- Standards Highlights.
cent organically produced raw or
processed agricultural product. Selected defined terms
ii) A raw or processed livestock 1) Audit trail
feed product sold, labeled or a) Documentation that is sufficient to
represented as "organic” must determine the source, transfer of
be produced in conformance ownership and transportation of any
with § 205.237. agricultural product labeled as “100
iii) All products labeled as “100 percent organic,” the organic ingre-
percent organic” or “organic" dients of any agricultural product
and all ingredients identified as labeled as “organic” or “made with
"organic" in the ingredient state- organic (specified ingredients or
ment of any product must not: food groups)” or the organic ingredi-
ents of any agricultural product con-
1) Be produced using excluded taining less than 70 percent organic
methods, pursuant to ingredients identified as “organic” in
§ 201.105(e); an ingredients statement.
2) Be produced using sewage 2) Certified operation
sludge, pursuant to
§ 201.105(f); a) A crop or livestock production, wild-
crop harvesting or handling opera-
3) Be processed using ionizing tion or portion of such operations,
radiation, pursuant to that is certified by an accredited
§ 201.105(g); certifying agent as utilizing a
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 5
6. system of organic production or applicants or certified production
handling as described by the Act or handling operations.
and the regulations in this part.
7) Inspection
3) Certifying agent
a) The act of examining and evalu-
a) Any entity accredited by the ating the production or handling
secretary as a certifying agent for operation of an applicant for cer-
the purpose of certifying a produc- tification or certified operation to
tion or handling operation. determine compliance with the Act
and the regulations in this part.
4) Claims
8) Label
a) Oral, written, implied or symbolic
representations, statements, advertis- a) A display of written, printed or
ing or other forms of communication graphic material on the immediate
presented to the public or buyers of container of an agricultural prod-
agricultural products that relate to uct or any such material affi xed to
the organic certification process or any agricultural product or affi xed
the terms “100 percent organic,” to a bulk container holding an agri-
“organic” or “made with organic cultural product, except for pack-
(specified ingredients or food age liners or a display of written,
groups),” or, in the case of agricul- printed or graphic material which
tural products containing less than contains only information about the
70 percent organic ingredients, weight of the product.
the term “organic” on the ingredi-
9) Labeling
ents panel.
a) All written, printed or graphic
5) Excluded methods
material accompanying an agricul-
a) A variety of methods used to geneti- tural product at any time or written,
cally modify organisms or influence printed or graphic material about
their growth and development by the agricultural product displayed
means that are not possible under at retail stores.
natural conditions or processes and
10) Market information
are not considered compatible with
organic production. Such methods a) Any written, printed, audiovisual
include cell fusion, microencap- or graphic information, includ-
sulation and macroencapsulation ing advertising, pamphlets, flyers,
and recombinant DNA technology catalogues, posters and signs, that
(including gene deletion, gene dou- are distributed, broadcast or made
bling, introducing a foreign gene available outside of retail outlets
and changing the positions of genes and used to assist in the sale or
when achieved by recombinant promotion of a product.
DNA technology). Such methods do
11) National List of Allowed and
not include the use of traditional
Prohibited Substances (National List)
breeding, conjugation, fermentation,
hybridization, in vitro fertilization a) A list of allowed and prohibited sub-
or tissue culture. stances as provided for in the Act.
6) Inspector 12) National Organic Program
a) Any person retained or used a) The program authorized by the Act
by a certifying agent to conduct for the purpose of implementing its
inspections of certification provisions.
Page 6 ATTRA Highlights of the USDA’s National Organic Program Regulations
7. 13) National Organic Standards Board 18) Practice standard
a) A board established by the secre- a) The guidelines and requirements
tary under 7 U.S.C. 6518 to assist through which a production or
in the development of standards handling operation implements a
for substances to be used in organic required component of its produc-
production and to advise the tion or handling organic system
secretary on any other aspects plan. A practice standard includes
of the implementation of the a series of allowed and prohibited
National Organic Program. actions, materials and conditions to
14) Non-synthetic. establish a minimum performance
level for planning, conducting and
a) A substance that is derived from maintaining a function, such as
mineral, plant or animal matter and livestock health care or facility
does not undergo a synthetic pro- pest management, essential to an
cess as defined in section 6502(21) organic operation.
of the Act (7 U.S.C. 6502(21)). For
the purposes of this part, non-syn- 19) Prohibited substance
thetic is used as a synonym for nat- a) A substance that is prohibited or not
ural as the term is used in the Act. provided for in the Act or the regula-
15) Organic production tions of this part for use in any aspect
of organic production or handling.
a) A production system that is man-
aged in accordance with the Act 20) Records
and regulations in this part to
a) Any information in written, visual
respond to site-specific conditions
or electronic form that documents
by integrating cultural, biological
the activities of a producer, han-
and mechanical practices that foster
the cycling of resources, promote dler or certifying agent to comply
ecological balance and conserve with the Act and regulations
biodiversity. in this part.
16) Organic system plan 21) Split operation
a) A plan of management of an a) An operation that produces or han-
organic production or handling dles both organic and non-organic
operation that has been agreed to agricultural products.
by the producer or handler and the 22) Synthetic
certifying agent and includes writ-
ten plans concerning all aspects of a) A substance that is formulated
agricultural production or handling or manufactured by a chemi-
described in the Act and the regu- cal process or by a process that
lations in subpart C of this part. chemically changes a substance
extracted from naturally occurring
17) Person plant, animal or mineral sources.
a) An individual, partnership, corpo- The term shall not apply to
ration, association, cooperative or substances created by naturally
other entity. occurring biological processes.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 7