This document discusses organ donation as a social responsibility. It provides background on organ donation, noting that anyone can donate organs after death to save lives of those in need. However, awareness of organ donation is still low in Malaysia. The document outlines benefits of donation for both donors and recipients and discusses ways to increase awareness, such as education campaigns and establishing expert transplant organizations. Overall, it argues that organ donation is important and allowed by most religions, so more should be done to support and encourage donation.
It gives a brief idea about recent facts related to organ donation in India and clears doubts regarding Organ donation. Explains about need, types of donation, legislation, and coordinating bodies.
Don't think of organ donations as giving up part of yourself to keep a total stranger alive. It's really a total stranger giving up almost all of themselves to keep part of you alive.
It gives a brief idea about recent facts related to organ donation in India and clears doubts regarding Organ donation. Explains about need, types of donation, legislation, and coordinating bodies.
Don't think of organ donations as giving up part of yourself to keep a total stranger alive. It's really a total stranger giving up almost all of themselves to keep part of you alive.
Background of organ transplant infrastructure in the US. Some history. Definitions. Nursing Care of the transplant patient in hospital, and home settings. Intended for senior level nursing students in an ADN program
Organ Donation Driver's Education PresentationErin O'Connor
This presentation is for NJ driver's education teachers who wish to explain about the organ donor box on the driver's license. They can use this presentation in the classroom to teach a student what they need to know about becoming an Organ Donor.
ZTCC's organ donation drive supported by Rajesh LifeSpaces.Rajesh LifeSpaces
Everything you wanted to know about organ donation. See how the Zonal Transplant Coordination Committee (ZTCC) and Rajesh LifeSpaces have come together to promote this cause in Maharashtra.
Organ donation is the removal of the tissues of the human body from a person who has recently died, or from a living donor, for the purpose of transplanting.
Organ & Tissue Donation Awareness with Recent AdvancesAmol Patil
The Presentation gives brief information about recent statistics of Organ donation figures, problem statement and Recent amendments in Law.
It also mentions some examples of positive changes in view of Organ Donation in India.
Background of organ transplant infrastructure in the US. Some history. Definitions. Nursing Care of the transplant patient in hospital, and home settings. Intended for senior level nursing students in an ADN program
Organ Donation Driver's Education PresentationErin O'Connor
This presentation is for NJ driver's education teachers who wish to explain about the organ donor box on the driver's license. They can use this presentation in the classroom to teach a student what they need to know about becoming an Organ Donor.
ZTCC's organ donation drive supported by Rajesh LifeSpaces.Rajesh LifeSpaces
Everything you wanted to know about organ donation. See how the Zonal Transplant Coordination Committee (ZTCC) and Rajesh LifeSpaces have come together to promote this cause in Maharashtra.
Organ donation is the removal of the tissues of the human body from a person who has recently died, or from a living donor, for the purpose of transplanting.
Organ & Tissue Donation Awareness with Recent AdvancesAmol Patil
The Presentation gives brief information about recent statistics of Organ donation figures, problem statement and Recent amendments in Law.
It also mentions some examples of positive changes in view of Organ Donation in India.
In the summer of 2010, Gail Lehman’s son was diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease. Years later, he received an organ donation that saved his life. Gail’s story highlights the importance of people donating their organs. She says, some children wait for years on a donor list and the truth is, there are just simply not enough donated organs to provide a life-giving chance for everyone. Today, she urges people to consider becoming life-saving, organ donors.
A slide show made to spread the awareness of Organ Donation in India and how it could save thousands of lives if only people were aware and leave their religious rituals behind.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
BEL311:organ donation as a social responsibility
1. UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
(BEL 311)
ORGAN DONATION AS A SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
MARYAM ARIFFIN (2009827058), DS3G1
AIN NORIN (2009825528), DS3G1
Prepared for
SIR AHMAD NAWIR BIN ABU AMRIN
SUBMIT DATE : 08/10/2010
2. Organ Donation as a Social Responsibility
Everyone in this earth have the ability to do something good to the world even after
encountered death. The answer is by organ donation. By donating a part of the body, it can
give a life to an ailing person. Virtually, anyone who died normally or by accident is eligible
to donate. However, there are very few who are actually willing to give part of their organ. A
lot of deaths happened those days are the consequence of failing to find an organ donor.
Talking about organ donation, it is actually the abstraction of body organs that can be used
for transplantation, to aid seriously ill patients. A few of the tissues from the body of a
person, who had taken a pledge during his existence that after death organs can be donated
while the person is alive as well. For donation, organs and tissues are taken out in the same
way as in surgery, and all incisions are clogged at the end. People, regardless of their age,
race or gender, can be a tissue and organ donors. However, if the person is below 18 years of
age, consent from the parents or any legal guardian is inevitable. The heart, lungs, liver,
pancreas, kidneys, eyes, heart valves, skin, bones, bone marrow, connective tissues, middle
ear, and blood vessels are the major organs and tissues that can be donated by a person. The
consciousness among Malaysian about organ donation is still poor although it brings many
advantages compare to its disadvantages especially to both donor and receiver. Therefore,
there are measures that can be taken to improve this kind of problem and gain the awareness
among Malaysian.
One of the reasons that organ donation is taken as an unproblematic because of the
lack of knowledge about organ transplant among Malaysian. They do not take this matter
seriously as they are not exposed widely about organ donation according to “Akta Tisu
Negara” that existed since 1979. Government plays an important role to bring awareness to
Malaysian. However, government in these issues gives a half-hearted to encourage organ
donation (Noraini and Azlinariah, n.d.). Zaki (n.d.) states that, there are only 10 till 11 people
that donate organ donation with opened heart based on year 2005. By comparing among
several races in Malaysia, only 8% of Malays donate their organ compare to other race which
are 22% are Indians and 64% for Chinese. Moreover, they do not know well about organ
donation which is allowed based on Islam perspective. According to The Fiqh Academy of
the Muslim World League (n.d.) stated that organ donation and transplantation is allowed in
3. Makah in its 8th session held between 28 Rabi'ul Thani- 7 Jumadal Ula, 1405. The organ that
had been taken must have permission from the body of a living person. In this case, the living
person who intended to donate their organ should have confirmed that the transplant will not
give a negative effect to their normal life. While, for a body of the dead person to donate their
organ, it must have the approval from the family. The religion of Islam allowed the donation
of organ but they do not allow selling human organs. This is an important point to be
considered as some missionary said that people have become too materialistic and it may be
possible to find a free organ, under a necessity one can purchase the organs. However,
Muslim should not sell their organ because it violates the rules of the dignity and honor of
human being, and also in the point of view of Islam, it would be illicit in that case.
Therefore, government must play their role to overcome this problem and give consciousness
among Malaysians. Not only Islam but other religions also allow their embracer to donate.
Malaysians should consider on donating part of the body to save a life.
There are numerous benefits on organ donation to donor and recipient. Being a donor
can help other people on continuing their life as a normal person. Research in the US
Department of Health and Human Services stated that over 50 lives can be saved or improved
by finding organ or tissue donor (Renee, 2010). According to Oprah (2008), one of the
donors told Jason’s brother that it is a great and valuable thing to give someone a second
chance to live. Although the donor had already dead but their family member can still feel
their existence as part of their body is still alive in the receiver body (Renee, 2009). The
donor can aid the recipient by increasing their quality of life to save them. Every religion
agrees that organ donation is a positive, life-giving gift. About 18 people die every day due to
the failing to find suitable organ to replace their organ. Organ donation gives those people a
new chance of life (Katie, n.d.). A person who becomes an organ donor will encourage and
inspired other people to do an organ donation which will give a massive impact to both donor
and recipient and especially their family and the donor will be respected for saving life
(Renee, 2010). Hence, being a donor is a dignified decision that can make other people happy
by giving the most valuable chances to them to experience the life full of happiness.
There are several ways to encourage organ donation among the society. Government
should do more campaigns that can develop better knowledge to other people and raise their
4. awareness. Katie (n.d.) said that many individuals misunderstood about organ donation which
made them trepidation having a doubt to donate their organ because they hesitate about their
quality of medical care after the transplant process. However, doctor will ensure that the body
will be treated with the utmost care and that it is under serious observation. Many people
believe that medical conditions prevent them from donating, but organ donation is still
possible in most cases. Furthermore, the donor also can be taken as a role model to the other
person in the transfer of organ. A role model is a person who inspired the others. Not only a
celebrity can be taken as a role models but also someone who being known for its kindness
(Katie, n.d.). In addition, the technology used must be up to date that can guarantee the
person who is still alive who wants to donate their precious things and become a donor.
Scientists had transplantation created a transplant between different species called
xenotransplantation. This experiment is still in the early stage but has had promising results
(Carolyn, n.d.). According to Nephrol (2002), in 1989 an official agency, the National
Transplant Organization (ONT), and a national network of specially trained, dedicated and
strongly motivated hospital physicians in charge of the whole process of organ donation,
were created. This action will encourage people to donate their organ. As a result, the number
of organ donor will increases as they believe that organ transplantation is to be performed.
This is because the person in charge in this process is expert in handling the donation process.
Therefore, Malaysia needs to support organ donation by doing more research and help their
young child who is important to prolong the legacy in the future.
In conclusion, everyone can do good deeds after death by becoming an organ donor.
There are no reasons to evade on being an organ donor. Not only has the receiver got the
positive feedback as also the donor itself. However, due to the lack of sensitivity, most people
still did not want to donate their organ. The reason is misconception about organ donation
itself that this process cans lead them to illness or affect their health. However, those
concepts are wrong. In fact, being a donor has absolutely no effect on medical care.
Therefore, the awareness about organ donation among the citizens is essential which can
increase the number of organ donor. Thus, the whole world should give a full-hearted support
to an organ donation issues and work this issue out because this issue has being hanging for
quite a long time and still cannot be solve. What everyone have today, actually not fully
belong to them but they are lend from the Creator. Thus, everyone should help each other by
donating organ and give a prospect to the receiver to enjoy their life.
5. Reference
Carolyn (n.d.). Organ and tissue donation and recovery: expansion of the organ donor pool.
Retrieved August 12, 2010, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/4512088.
Katie, H. (n.d.). Benefits of organ donation. Retrieved August 7, 2010, from http://www.
ehow.com/about 4604791 benefits-organ-donating.html#ixzz0xsithL8C.
Katie, R. (n.d.). Role model. Retrieved August 7, 2010, from http://www.pamf.org/preteen/
growingup/family/ rolemodels.html.
Muzammil (n.d.). What does Islam says about organ donation. Retrieved August 12, 2010,
from http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?. cid=1119503543346& pagename=
IslamOnline-English-AskScholar% 2FFatwaE%2 FfatwaE AskT.
Nephrol, J. (2010). A decade of continuous improvement in cadaveric organ donation: the
Spanish model. Retrieved August 7, 2010, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/
pubmed/11936422.
Noraini Abdul Razak & Azlinariah Abdullah (Ed.). (n.d.).Malaysian are not revealed about
organ donation according to Akta Tisu Negara existed since 1979. Utusan Malaysia.
Retrieved August 12, 2010, from http://www.utusan.com.my/.
Oprah. (2008). The Oprah Winfrey Shows. Retrieved August 7, 2010. from http://www.
oprah. com/ health/Dr-Oz-Explores-Amazing-Medical-Miracles/5#slide.
Renee, H. (2010). The impact of organ and tissue donation and being an organ donor .
Retrieved August 7, 2010, from .http://www.ehow.com/facts_5563333_pros-cons-
organ donation.html#ixzz0uqtqRzLN.
Renee, H. (2009). Pros and cons of organ donation. Retrieved August 7, 2010 from
http://patient-health-education.suite101.com/article.cfm/benefits-of-organ-
donation#ixzz0uqy02gDb.
The Fiqh Academy of the Muslim World League. (n.d.). Makkah allowed organ donation and
transplantation. Retrieved August 12, 2010 from http://www.islamonline.net/
servlet/Satellite?cid= 11195035433 46 &pagename= IslamOnline-
EnglishAskScholar%2 FFatwaE%2 FfatwaEAskThe Scholar# ixzz 0ur 08S5BE.
UNOS, United Network of Organ Sharing (1982). Important of organ donation. Retrieved
August 5, 2010 from http://hubpages.com/hub/The-importance-of-Organ-Donation.
U.S. Congress (1984). How organ donation and transplantation works. Retrieved August 5,
2010. from http://dying.lovetoknow.com/Benefits_of_Organ_Donating.
Zaki Morad. (n.d.). Anugerah yang tidak ternilai. Retrieved August 5, 2010. from http://
www.yadim.com. my/komentar/ulasanFull.asp?Id=567.