The document outlines the importance and need for organ donation in India, highlighting the stark contrast between the number of potential donors and actual organ donations made. It discusses various types of organ donations, common conditions leading to brain death, and the legal framework governing organ transplantation, including the HOTA Act. Additionally, it addresses misconceptions regarding organ donation, as well as religious perspectives that affect people's willingness to donate.

1. Organ Transplantation Awareness Program
- Resident Medical Officer
Community Medicine

2. Not an uncommon sight…

3. Outcome
Common unfortunate
outcome
Outcome Can be
Changed

4. Outline
 Need of organ donation
 Types of Organ Donation
 Which Organs can be Donated
 Concept of brain death
 Common conditions leading to brain death
 Diagnosis of brain death
 Myths related to organ donation
 Religious views towards organ donation

5. What is need?
Corneal blindness is very common in India.
More than 3 million cases in India.
60% are <12 years age group.
Only 1.5 lakh/year corneal donations in India.

6. What is need?
 1.5 Lakh new Kidney disease patient every
year and only 750 benefitted with renal
transplant.
 More than 5 million patients suffering from
liver diseases
 50,000 patients dying due to heart diseases
 India is diabetes capital (2nd in world)

7. Skin Donation
 Life saving for burn patients.
 It makes wound healing FAST.
 Skin is removed using specialized
knife and preserved like a roll.
 Skin is taken from un exposed parts of
the body: No Disfigurement of body
after Skin Donation
 There is a provision of SKIN BANK to
preserve donated skin.

8. Situation in INDIA
 Annually 1.6 lakh people die due to Road Traffic Accidents.
 67% death occurs usually due to Brain stem death.
 It means that there are 93000 potential organ donors every year.
 But in reality, only 0.05 people donate their organs per 1 lakh
population.
 The rate of organ donation is highest in Spain (35 per 1 lakh
population)
 In India, Tamilnadu ranks first among all states.

9. What Can be Donated by living donor?
Kidney
Blood
Lungs
Part of liver Liver
Part of Pancreas
Living Donor
Bone marrow

10. 2 eyes
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
All Bones & tendons
Blood vessels
2 Kidneys
Intestine
Muscles & ligaments
Cartilages
Skin & Fascia
Larynx
2 hands
Penis
20 Fingers
What can donated after BSD?

11. Great
scarcity
of the
organs
VS
Wastage
of
cadaveric
organs
Real Problem

12. Deceased Donors
Per Million Population
24.25
21.7
21.65
21.5
20
18.1
13.15
12.96
12.18
10.62
6.1
4.3
2.7
0.75
0.12
0.05
33.68
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Spain
Austria
Portugal
Beligium
USA
France
Italy
Canada
United Kingdom
Germany
Australia
HK
Singapore
Taiwan
Korea
Philippines
Japan
de Villa VH, Chen CL, et al. Transplantation 2003; 75:S2 (Modified from)

13. You choose…

14. Understanding concept
Identify brain-dead patients
Promote Organ Donation
Solution

15. Concept of Death
 Ultimate reality of life
 Something fearful and unwanted
 No discussion
 End point
 Clinically cessation of cardio-respiratory
function

16. Cardio-respiratory Arrest
Complete Cessation Of
Breathing And Circulation
Death

17. Concept of Brain Stem Death

18. Common Causes of Brain Death
 Head injury
 Intra cerebral
hemorrhage
 Ischemic brain
damage
 Tumor
 Hanging
 Drowning

19. Diagnosis of Brain stem death
(According to Harward criteria)
 Unreceptivity and unresponsivity
 No movements or breathing
 No reflexes
 Only in ICU settings

20. HOTA act-1994
 Brain death a legally accepted form
 Establish criteria for brain death declaration
 Two independent teams to declare
 Two brain death declarations with 6 hr interval
 Donation only with consent of next of kin
 Sale of such organs are prohibited
 After amendment in 2013, it is called as TOHO
(Transplantation of human organs) & Tissue act

21. Some recent Amendments in
LAW
 SWAP donation permitted.
 Grand parents and grand children
included in NEAR RELATIVES.
 To prepare separate regional level and
State level Waiting list of Organ
Recipients.
 Provision of Appropriate Authority in
case of Donor if Living.

22. Government control
ZTCC
•Maintains list of hospitals registered
for organs retrieval and
transplantation.
•Maintains waiting list of patients
who are desirous for organs.
• carries fair distribution of organs
based on waiting list.
• waiting list is prepared on the basis
of- Age
- Severity of disease
- Prognosis/expected survival after
transplant
Organ
Retrieving
Hospitals
Organs
Transplantin
g hospitals
Multi-
organs
transplant
centres
Government control
(As per HOTA act-1994)
ZTCC
No hospital can transplant organ without prior information or permission of ZTCC.

23. 1. Today's date there are 55000 waiting for
OD.
2. At every 16 minutes, new one is added to
the list.
3. 10 die daily from the list without the organ.
 Tamilnadu is the leading state in India in
OD.
 New concept of SWAP donation is also
emerging out
 HLA matching is mandatory for all OD
except Cornea, skin, bones.
Some Facts
In Maharashtra, First tissue bank was started in Tata memorial hospital Mumbai
Rates of OD-
India- 0.16/million
population
USA – 22/million
population
Spain- 36/million
population

24. More than 50 organs can be
donated after Brain Stem Death

25. Exclusion Criteria (for Deceased Donor)
 Absolute
◦ Age>70 Yrs
◦ Renal disease
◦ Malignancy
◦ Hypertension & infective heart diseases
◦ Intravenous drug abuse
◦ Seropositive
◦ Rabies
 Relative
◦ Age <6years or >60 years
◦ Mild Hypertension
◦ Early Diabetes

26. Problems in Promoting
Organ Donation
 Religious myths
 Professional Ignorance
 Apathy to the cause
 Shy/afraid of discussing donation
 Don’t know –what to do????
 Scared of bad reputation
 Fear of litigation
 Poor communication

27. Religious Views: Hinduism
 Believe in rebirth of the soul
 Body is cremated after death
 Human form is the highest in the order of re-
births before the soul reaches the creator
 Sacrifice to the fellow humans considered
equivalent to service to god
 Religious laws and scriptures do not prohibit
organ donation

28. Religious Views: Islam
 Until early 90s the religious leaders failed to
approve of organ donation
 Mid 90s the religious leader in saudi (mecca)
passed a fatwa, making organ donation after
death permissible under islamic law

29. Religious Views: Christian
 Catholics view organ donation as an act of
charity
 Ethically and morally acceptable to the vatican
 Pope john paul ii has given his support to
organ donation
 Protestant groups generally endorse organ
donation

30. Overall Religious Views
All other major religions such as Sikhism, Buddhism
and Jainism do not oppose organ donation and
share similar views as that of hinduism
LIFE IS AMAZING… PASS IT ON…!!!

31. Positive Changes
Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachhan, Jaya Bhachhan, Rajnikanth,
Amir Khan and many other film personalities have pledged their
Eyes at different times on media
Anil Kumble, Sunil Shetty, Yukta Mukhi, Revathi Menon
and Madhavan have endorsed their views on multi-organ donation

34. You don’t need to be DOCTOR to
save LIVES !!!
I am an ORGAN DONOR…
Are YOU….???

35. THANK YOU…