Joyce was a political writer who critiqued his native country of Ireland through his writings. He grew up during a time of political, financial, and health decay in Ireland, which influenced him to be critical. In his story "The Dead", Joyce used characters like Gabriel, Freddy Malins, and Miss Ivors to represent aspects of Irish culture and society that he disapproved of, such as alcoholism and narrow-minded nationalism. Through these characters and other elements in the story, like the song about a boy from Aughrim, Joyce showed his disagreement with Irish traditions and culture. In the end, Gabriel chooses not to remain in Ireland, representing Joyce's own choice not to stay in the declining country of his