Next Generation UFOM Using Carrier Ethernet Technology discusses using carrier Ethernet technology to provide a next generation UFOM (unified fiber optic multiplexer). It proposes using Ethernet standards like 802.1ad QinQ tagging, E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN topologies, and hierarchical QoS to improve scalability, flexibility, and performance. It also discusses enhancements like improved OAM, synchronization, protection mechanisms, and quality of service features to enable services like IPTV and mobile backhaul.

1. Next Generation UFOM Using Carrier
Ethernet Technology
Dr. Yi-Neng Lin (林義能)
MEF Carrier Ethernet Certified Professional
(MEF認證高級工程師; MEF-CECP No.A0966X1)

2. IP-based Triple Play
Mobile Internet Backhaul
Internet Service
Fixed Phone
Carrier Access Services: Evolution And
Opportunity
IPTV
All-IP Networks with
Fixed-Mobile Convergence
B
R
MB
B Q
QR
R
M S
reliability quality of service scalabilityR
B bandwidth M
Q S
management
2

3. UFOM-based Access Network
OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388
OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388
OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388
Pre-Aggregation
T1/E1 + ETHETH
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
ETH
ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
STM-1
RNC/BSC
STM-1
STM-64 Network
3
OptiQMax 4388OptiQMax 4388
T1/E1 + ETHETH
- SyncE or 1588v2 support
- Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
Limitations
- Topology scalability and flexibility
- Performance requirement of LTE
- Link Aggregation, APS
- Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and PM
- Next generation OAM framework
reliability quality of service scalabilityR
B bandwidth M
Q S
management

4. Carrier Ethernet – Enhancement to UFOM
4
OAM support
- 802.3ah (EFM)
- 802.1ag (CFM)
- Y.1731
QoS features
- Hierarchical QoS
- trTCM policing
- Synchronization
- Active PM
Interoperability
- MEF9 for scalability
- MEF14 for QoS
- MEF18 for CES
- MEF21&25 for OAM
Protection
- Link aggregation
- Linear protection
- Ring protection
- End-to-end protection
Gigabit
Carrier
Ethernet
Standardized
Service
Scalability
Quality
of
Service
Service
MGMT
Reliability
- E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN

5. The TOP Problem
 Transport
 802.1ad/QinQ: scalable VLAN architecture
 E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN: flexible topology layout
 Hierarchical QoS: manipulation at different granularities
 Protection
 Operation
 OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)
 Link + Service OAM
 Precision
 Synchronization
 SLA verification
5

6. UFOM – 802.1ad-based Transport Multiplexer
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
6
UFOMUFOM
0
1
...
n
0
1
n
DA SA …… DA SA …… DA SA 8100 VID 1 ……
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5
Egress UntaggedEgress always add a TagTagged frame
8100 VID 5 8100 VID 5 8100 VID 5 DA SA 8100 VID 1 ……8100 VID 5 DA SA ……8100 VID 5
...
C(ustomer)-tag S(ervice)-tag
UNI: User Network Interface
NNI: Network Network Interface

7. E-Line: Alternative To TDM-Based Private Line
Point-to-Point EVC1
Carrier Ethernet Network
Branch of A
company
HQ of A
company
Point-to-Point EVC2
OptiQNet 842
Branch of B
company
HQ of B
company
Physical or logical (via LAG)
port
OptiQNet 842
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
7
EPL: Ethernet Private Line
EVPL: Ethernet Virtual Private Line

8. E-LAN: Virtual Private LAN
OptiQNet 842
OptiQNet 842
OptiQNet 842
Carrier Ethernet
Network
Central Office
Internet
HQ
OptiQNet 842
EVC
EVC
EVC
EVC
Branch
Branch
Branch
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
8

9. E-Tree: Rooted Point-To-Multipoint
eNodeB
LTE-enabled
mobile stations
OptiQNet 842
(leaf)
OptiQNet 842
(leaf)
OptiQNet 842
(leaf)
SMB Residence
Carrier Ethernet
Network
Central Office
(root)
Internet
Enterprise building
OptiQNet 842
(leaf)
EVC
EVC
EVC
EVC
UNI x3
UNI x2
UNI x4
UNI x1
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
9

10. User Network Interface
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
10
 Bundling Service
 Allow multiple CE-VLANs to be mapped to a single EVC in the UNI
 All-To-One Bundling Service
 All CE-VLAN are mapped to a single EVC in the UNI
 Service Multiplexing
 Allow multiple EVCs at a UNI
All-to-one
Bundling
MP-to-MP
EVC
Service
multiplexing
Bundling
Point-to-Point
EVC
UNI
Bundling
EVC1 EVC2
EVC1
EVC2
CE-VLANs

11. Service Attributes
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
11
Attribute Type of Parameter Value
UNI Identifier Any string
Physical Medium A Standard Ethernet PHY ([2] or [3])
Speed 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps Auto-
Negotiation, 1 Gbps, or 10 Gbps20
Mode Full Duplex
MAC Layer IEEE 802.3 – 2005 [2]
UNI Maximum Transmission Unit
Size
Integer  1522.
Service Multiplexing Yes or No
UNI EVC ID A string formed by the concatenation of the
UNI ID and the EVC ID
CE-VLAN ID for untagged and
priority tagged Service Frames
A number in 1, 2, …, 4094.
CE-VLAN ID/EVC Map Map as per Section 7.7
Maximum Number of EVCs Integer  1
Bundling Yes or No21
All to One Bundling Yes or No
Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Ingress
UNI
No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1
Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1 for each EVC
Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of
Service Identifier
No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier
Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Egress
UNI
No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1
Egress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1 for each EVC
Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of
Service Identifier
No or parameters as defined in Section
7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier
Layer 2 Control Protocols Processing A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols with each
being labeled with one of Discard, Peer, Pass
to EVC, Peer and Pass to EVC
UNI and EVC per UNI Service Attributes
Attribute Type of Parameter Value
EVC Type Point-to-Point, Multipoint-to-Multipoint, or Rooted-
Multipoint
EVC ID An arbitrary string, unique across the MEN, for the EVC
supporting the service instance
UNI List A list of <UNI Identifier, UNI Type> pairs
Maximum Number of
UNIs
Integer. MUST be 2 if EVC Type is Point-to-Point. MUST
be greater than or equal to 2 otherwise.
EVC Maximum
Transmission Unit Size
Integer  1522.
CE-VLAN ID
Preservation
Yes or No
CE-VLAN CoS
Preservation
Yes or No
Unicast Service Frame
Delivery
Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver
Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the
conditions MUST be specified.
Multicast Service
Frame Delivery
Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver
Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the
conditions MUST be specified.
Broadcast Service
Frame Delivery
Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver
Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the
conditions MUST be specified.
Layer 2 Control
Protocols Processing
A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols labeled Tunnel or
Discard.
EVC Performance Performance objectives for One-way Frame Delay
Performance, One-way Frame Delay Range Performance,
One-way Mean Frame Delay Performance, Inter-Frame
Delay Variation Performance, One-way Frame Loss Ratio
Performance, and Availability Performance and associated
Class of Service Identifier(s) as defined in Section 6.8.
EVC Service Attributes

12. TDM Service Compatibility -- Pseudowire
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
12
BTS/NodeB
T1/E1T1/E1
CESoETH/SAToP/CESoPSN
Pseudowire
Metro Ethernet
Network
VPLS
MPLS
Q-in-Q
BSC/RNC
TDM Network
Interface
TDM Subscriber
Demarcation
TDM
Payload
RTP
CESoETH
CW
ECID
TDM
Payload
RTP
SAToP
CW
UDP
TDM
Payload
RTP
CESoPSN
CW
IP
UDP
IP
TDM
Payload
TDM
Payload
RTP
CESoETH
CW
ECID
TDM
Payload
RTP
SAToP
CW
UDP
TDM
Payload
RTP
CESoPSN
CW
IP
UDP
IP
TDM
Payload
MEF
CESoETH
ITU, IETF, MFA
SAToP
IETF
CESoPSN
MEF
CESoETH
ITU, IETF, MFA
SAToP
IETF
CESoPSN

13. Reliability and Redundancy
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
13
 Transmission
 Interface PLR (Packet Loss Rate) <10-9
 Jumbo frame size over 9000 bytes
 Link redundancy
 802.3ad Link Aggregation
 G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)
 G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)
 Nodal redundancy
 Heart-beat based fail-over
 Multi-homing
 End-to-End path redundancy
 G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

14. Link Aggregation
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
14
 Up to 8 links into one logical LAG
 Packet distribution
 Round-Robin
 MAC address, VLAN, etc
 Link Aggregation Control Protocol
 Conversation-based
 Dynamic and automatic configuration
LAG Logical Port
Frame
Collector
Frame
Distributor
PHY
Port
PHY
Port
PHY
Port….
LACP
EVC1 EVC2 EVC3

15. G.8031 (Ethernet Linear Protection Switching)
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
15
 For Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection
 1+1 or 1:1; revertive or non-revertive
 <50ms protection switching time
 APS messages for protection initiation
 Support of administrative commands
 Forced Switch(FS), Manual Switch(MS)
Working Channel
Protection Channel
CCM
CCM, APS
Working Channel
Protection Channel
CCM
CCM, APS

16. G.8032 (Ethernet Ring Protection Switching)
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
16
 For Ethernet Rings
 <50ms protection switching time
 R-APS messages for protection behavior
 Preventing any loops by blocking mechanism
 Support of administrative commands
Logically
Block

17. port 1
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
VLAN 100
CoS 1
CoS 2
Flexible QoS Architecture
Port
VLAN
CoS
Flow
with
QoS
profile
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
17
classification

18. Classification and CoS Determination
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
18
 Classification criteria
 Port number
 Src/Dest MAC address
 Priority Code Point
 VLAN
 Applied in QoS regulations
 Bandwidth control (rate limiting)
 Scheduling
Service Class
Name
Example of Generic Traffic Classes mapping into CoS
4 CoS Model 3 CoS Model 2 CoS Model
Very High (H+) Synchronization - -
High (H) Conversational,
Signaling and Control
Conversational and
Synchronization,
Signaling and Control
Conversational and Synchronization,
Signaling and Control,
Streaming
Medium (M) Streaming Streaming -
Low (L) Interactive and
Background
Interactive and
Background
Interactive and
Background

19. PHB Configuration for Policing
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
19
Service
Class Name
Bandwidth Profile
CoS Performance Objective
FD FDV FLR
Very High (H+) CIR>0, EIR=0 AFD AFDV AFLR
High (H) CIR>0, EIR=0 BFD BFDV BFLR
Mediam (M) CIR>0, EIR≧0 CFD CFDV CFLR
Low (L) CIR≧0, EIR≧0 * DFD DFDV DFLR
Very High (H+) High (H) Medium (M) Low (L)
-
FD = 20ms
FDV=4ms
FLR=10-5
Availability=99.999%
FD=50ms
FDV=10ms
FLR=10-4
Availability=99.99%
FD=100ms
FDV=10ms
FLR=10-4
Availability=99.99%
A≦B≦C≦D and AFDV is as small as possible
(*) CIR=0 and EIR=0 is not allowed

20. SLA Enforcement Using Traffic Conditioners
CIREIR
CBSEBS
meter
shaper
Two-Rate-Three-Color
algorithm
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
20
RFC2698: A Two Rate Three Color Marker

21. UNI UNI
CECE
Link/Service OAM
Carrier Ethernet Network
- OAM operations of managed EDDs
- PM and statistics
- SNMP
- EDD topology discovery
EMS
OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842
Link OAM
(802.3ah)
Service OAM (802.1ag, Y.1731)
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
CE: Customer Edge
21

22. IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Link OAM)
 Subset of the “Ethernet in the First Mile” (EFM)
 Primitive fault management
 Dying Gasp, Event Notification, Loopback
22
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
EMS
Device A Device B Device C Device D
Far End Fault
Indication
Near-Side Port
Performance Management
TX RX
TXRX
Per Link Fault Isolation
Capable of RFC2544-based PM

23. IEEE 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Mgmt, CFM)
23
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
CE operator A Provider Bridges operator B Provider Bridges CE
customer MD Level
provider MD Level
Link OAM Link OAM
MEP (Maintenance End Point)
operator MD Leveloperator MD Level
 Hierarchical fault management
 Different levels of authority (MD, MDL)
 Continuity Check (CC), Link Trace (LT), Loop Back (LB)
MIP (MEG Intermediate Point)MEG(Maintenance Entity Group)
Integration with EVC and LAG!

24. ITU-T Y.1731
 Superset over CFM
 Enhancement on performance measurement (PM)
 Delay Measurement (DM): One-way or Two-way Delay Measurement
 Loss Measurement (LM): Single-ended or Dual-ended Loss Measurement
24
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
UNI UNI
CECE
Metro Ethernet Network
OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842
One-way Delay Measurement
Two-way Delay Measurement

25. TOPviewTM
– Visualized nodal/group display
– Manual/Automatic inventory discovery
– Drag-and-drop location management
– Automated deployment (patent pending)
Fault
Security
PerformanceAccounting
Config
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
25
MGMT
Element Mgmt System

26. Link Layer Discovery Protocol (802.1AB-2009)
 Advertising capabilities and current status of the system
 Sending periodic LLDP Messages.
 Automatically Detecting Neighbors
 Receiving periodic LLDP Messages.
 Hierarchical Management (enhancement to 802.1AB-2005)
26
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
Nearest Customer Bridge Nearest non-TPMR Bridge Nearest Bridge
Customer
Bridge
S-VLAN
Bridge
S-VLAN
Bridge
TPMR
Customer
Bridge
(Two Port MAC Relay)

27. Deployment Automation -- RapiDep
27
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
 Proprietary algorithm
 Automatically connect to EMS and establish EVC
 Use LLDP-2009 as an assistant to find EMS
 Patent-pending
Metro Ethernet
Network
EMS
LLDP
New participant
LLDP
LLDP
LLDPPeriodical LLDP multicast

28. Precision via Synchronization
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
28
 Critical for 2G~4G mobile infrastructure to be operational
 SDH transport: ±50ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)
 Between BSs and BSC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)
 Between NodeBs and RNC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and ±3us (time) accuracy
over a 30-hops span
 Solutions
 PW ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery)
 Frequency
 Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
 Frequency
 IEEE 1588-2008
 ToD, Phase
Mobile Network
Architecture
Frequency
Sync
Time/Phase
Sync
CDMA2000 
GSM 
UMTS-FDD 
LTE-FDD 
UMTS-TDD  
LTE-TDD  
Mobile WiMAX  
TD-SCDMA  

29. Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
29
• ITU-T G.8261: Timing and synchronization aspects in packet network
• ITU-T G.8262: Timing characteristics of Synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock
• ITU-T G.8264: Distribution of timing through packet networks
• ITU-T G.781: Synchronization layer functions (ESMC and SSM)
 Inherited from SDH
 Immune from congestion
 Two major mechanisms
 H/W-based CDR
 ESMC and SSM
 Unidirectional
 Broadcast
 Master selection
 Timing loop prevention
MAC processor
PLL PHY/CDR
MAC processor
PLLPHY/CDR
CDR: Clock and Data Recovery
ESMC: Ethernet Synchronization Message Channel
SSM: Synchronization Status Message
Master Slave
ESMC~
PRC
Other SyncE
Masters

30. IEEE 1588-2008 (1588v2; a.k.a PTPv2)
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
30
t-ms
Follow_Up
Sync
t-sm
Delay_Req
Delay_Resp
t1
t4
t2
t3
Slave Clock
~
Master Clock
~
Timestamps
known by slave
t2
t1, t2
t1, t2, t3
t1, t2, t3, t4
Variant procedures exist due to
- 1-step or 2-step
- Role/Participants (BC/TC/OC)
Clock recovery algorithm that
handles PDV is omitted in the
spec!
- Symmetry/Asymmetry
- Network congestion
t-ms=t2-t1; t-sm = t4-t3

31. 1588v2 Application Scenario
NodeB
RNC
Carrier Ethernet Network
OptiQNet 842
OptiQNet 842
OptiQNet 842
- SLA verification
- Necessary for 3.5G and LTE networks
- Generally in sub-microsecond precision
- Master selection algorithm
1588v2
master clock
eNodeB
NodeB
1588v2
1588v2
1588v2
1588v2
1588v2
1588v2
S-GW
1588v21588v21588v2 1588v2
Latency to be
verified for SLA
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
31

32. Delivering Synchronization Messages
32
 In-band (through PW)
 Adaptive Clock Recovery (ACR)
 Optional RTP header within CES packets for timestamps
 Out-of-band
 IEEE1588v2
 Dedicated EVPL or CoS
UNI EVC
CoS Data
CoS for Sync
UNI
EVC for Sync
EVC Data
UNI
EVC
(Data & Sync)
In a separate EVC As a dedicated Class of ServiceWithin an EVC
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION

33. SLA Verification with RFC2544 -- TOPsureTM
TRANSPORT
OPERATION
PRECISION
33
 H/W unit dedicated for PM
 Out-of-service test
 In-service test (per-port, per-vlan/EVC)
 Use RFC2544 frames to verify whether SLA is satisfied
OptiQNet 842OptiQNet 842
SLA Bandwidth Data trafficRFC 2544 Test traffic
EMS
Start to test throughput Start to receive frames
Send result back to EMS
Patent Pending!

34. OptiQNet 842 Series
Carrier Ethernet Demarcation Device
solutions to
 802.1Q and 802.1ad VLAN
 trTCM-based policer and
traffic shaper
 Real-time flow monitoring
 OAM support including
802.3ah, 802.1ag and Y.1731
 Neighbor discovery
 RFC2544 tester
 IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2)
time synchronization
34
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842

35. ESC
Enter
L M T E S T * S T A R T S T O P < >
D E S T I D 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 >
OptiQNet-842A

36. Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (1/2)
 Gigabit interfaces
 4 UNIs and 2 SFP-based optical NNIs
 Link aggregation (802.3ad) for NNIs
 VLAN (MEF9 certified)
 E-Line/E-LAN/E-Tree based on 802.1Q and 802.1ad
 256 concurrent VLANs, 4096VIDs
 QoS (MEF14 certified)
 Per- port/VLAN SLA guarantee (trTCM policing)
 Real-time traffic monitoring
 Strict-Priority and Weighted Round-Robin egress scheduling
 OAM functionalities
 802.3ah: fault detection, event notification, dying gasp
 802.1ag: 8 maintenance domain levels and up to 256 MEPs
 Y.1731: throughput, latency, jitter and loss rate
36

37. Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (2/2)
 Advanced
 RFC 2544 tester and analyzer (patent pending)
 IEEE 1588v2 and SyncE
 MGMT (with TOPviewTM EMS)
 RapiDep deployment automation (patent pending)
 Neighbor discovery + LLDP-2009 on managed EDDs
 Local and remote management interfaces
 Web, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, SSH
 Access Control List, DHCP
 Dual boot images in case of remote firmware upgrade failure
37

38. CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- PtP
Pre-Aggregation
T1/E1 + ETHETH
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
ETH
ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
STM-1
RNC/BSC
STM-1
STM-64 Network
38
T1/E1 + ETHETH
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
OptiQNet-842C
Benefits:
LAG + APS + OAM + QoS + PM + SyncE…

39. CFM + Perfomance Management
(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)
Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)
EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)
T1/E1 + ETH
STM-64 Network
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
ETH x2
ETH x2~4
ETH
RNC/BSC
ETH x2
C. STM-1
842C
842C
T1/E1 + ETH
842C
842C
CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Linear
39
842A
842A
Multi-homing
protection

40. CFM + Perfomance Management
(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)
Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)
EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)
T1/E1 + ETH
STM-64 Network
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
ETH
RNC/BSC
C. STM-1
842C
842C
T1/E1 + ETH
842C
842C
CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Linear
40
842A
842A
Multi-homing protection
 Up to eight 842c’s
842A

41. CE-Enhanced Backhaul Transport -- Ring
CFM + Perfomance Management
(IEEE 802.1ag / ITU-T Y. 1731)
Link OAM (IEEE 802.3ah)
EVC (S-VLAN or MPLS)
T1/E1 + ETH
STM-64
Network
T1/E1 + ETH
T1/E1 + ETH
GE
C. STM-1 GE-ETH RING
GE x2~4 842C
842C
RNC/BSC
842C
842C
T1/E1 + ETH
41
842A
842A842A

42. Easy Integration with Future
MPLS-TP PTN Networks!!!
42

43. Solution to the UFOM Limitations–
The Better Alternative
 Topology scalability and flexibility
 Performance requirement of LTE
 Link Aggregation, APS
 Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and PM
 Next generation OAM framework
 Synchronization support (SyncE/1588v2)
 Total Cost of Ownership
43