An operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, executing programs conveniently and efficiently. Key functions of an operating system include sending output to monitors, tracking files and directories, controlling devices, and recognizing keyboard/mouse input. Operating systems provide memory management, processor management, input/output management, file management, security, job accounting, and error detection. Different types of operating systems include single-user, multi-tasking, multi-user, real-time, and batch processing operating systems.