Operating System Practice : Meeting 2-basic commands linux operating system-slide

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OPERATING SYSTEMS PRACTICE
Basic Commands Linux Operating System
Practice : 1

Instruction Format on Linux Operating System

Basic Commands on Linux Operating System
https://github.com/syaifulahdan/os­practice|

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A. Objectives
1. Use basic commands for user information
2. Getting to know the format of the instructions on the Linux OS
3. Using basic instructions on Linux OS
4. Learn basic utilities on Linux OS

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B. Basic Theory

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
Every LINUX user must have a login name (user
account) that must be registered to the system
administrator.

The login name is limited to a maximum of 8
characters and is generally in lower case

Prompt of bash shell on Linux using the sign "$".

A Linux session consists of:

Login

Working with Shell / running applications

Logout

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Linux Instruction Format
• $ Instruction Name [option] [argument]
• option begins with the sign – (minus).
• Arguments can be empty, one or more
arguments (parameters).
• Example:
$ ls : No arguments

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•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
$ ls : No arguments
$ ls ­a : The option is –a = all, no arguments
$ ls /bin : no option , argument is /bin
$ ls /bin/etc/usr : no option , argument is /bin/etc/user
$ ls ­l /usr1 : 1 option and 1 argument
L = long list
$ ls ­l ­a
/bin/etc
: 2 option and 2 argument
L = long list, a (all user)
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Manual

Linux provides manual on-line.

Some keyboard keys are important in the use
of the manual is
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Q : To exit the man program
<Enter> : Down, line by line
<Spasi> : Down, per page
b : Back to the top, 1 page
/ : search text (string)
n : Continuing the previous string search

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Manual is divided into several Section
1 : User commands
2 : System calls
3 : Library calls
4 : Devices
5 : File formats
6 : Games
7 : Miscellaneous
8 : System commands
19 : Kernel internals
N : Tcl/Tk command

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C. Step by Step

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1. Turn on the computer
2. Sign in to the Linux operating system.
3. Wait until there is a login command to fill in the
user name and password.
username : username
password : ***********

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4. To exit the system use the command logout
or exit
5. Use the command for user information:
6. Use basic commands :
March 3, 2010
date, cal, man, clear, apropos, whatis
id, hostname, uname, w, who, whoami,
chfn, finger

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
Use basic commands for file manipulation:
Praktikum Sistem OperasiMarch 3, 2010 12
 ls
 File
 Cat
 More
 Pg
 Cp
 Mv
 Rm
 grep

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D. Experiment

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
Experiment 1 : See identification (id
and group id number)

Replace the prompt with "$"
[syaiful@tekno]$ id
[syaiful@tekno]$ PS1=”$”

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
Experiment 2: View the date and
calendar system

View the current date

View the calendar
$ date
$ cal 10 2018
$ cal -y

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
Experiment 3 : See the machine
identity

Experiment 4 : See who's active

Knowing who is active
Praktikum Sistem OperasiMarch 3, 2010 16
$ hostname1
$ uname
$ uname -a
$ w
$ who
$ whoami

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
Changing finger information
$ chfn orange-server
Full Name :
Room Number :
Work Number :
Work phone :
Finger information changed.

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
View finger information

Experiment 5 : Using manual
$ finger
$ finger [username]
$ man ls
$ man man
$ man -k file
$ man 5 passwd

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
Experiment 6 : Clears the screen

Experiment 7 : Search for commands
whose descriptions contain the keywords
searched for.
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$ clear
$ apropos date
$ apropos mail
$ apropos telnet

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
Experiment 8 : Finding the exact
command is the same as the key you are
looking for.

Experiment 9 : File and directory
manipulation

Displays current working directory
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$ whatis date
$ ls

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
View all files and attributes

displays all files per column

Displays all files or directories without any
sorting process
$ ls -l
$ ls -a
$ ls -f

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
Displays the contents of a directory

Display the contents of the root directory

Displays all files or directories by marking
$ ls /usr
$ ls /

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
Displays all files or directories by marking
/ : for directories
* : for files that are executable,
@ : for the symbolic link file
= : for the socket
% : Without
| : for FIFO
$ ls -F /etc

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
Displays a complete file or directory that
consists of the file name, size, modified
date, owner, group and mode or its
attributes.

Displays all files and directory contents.
This argument will cause the process to
run longer, if the process will be stopped
can use ^ c
$ ls -R /usr
$ ls -l /etc

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
Experiment 10 : View the file type

Experiment 11 : Copying files

Copying a file. Give the -i option for
interactive questions when the file already
exists.
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$ file
$ file *
$ file /bin/ls
$ cp -i [sourcefile] [filecopy]

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$ cp /etc/group f1
$ ls -l
$ cp -i f1 f2
$ cp -i f1 f2

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
Copy to directory.
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$ mkdir backup
$ cp f1 f2
$ cp f1 f2 f3 backup
$ ls backup
$ cd backup
$ ls

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
Experiment 12 : View the contents of
the file

Using paint instructions

Displays files per one full screen
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$ cat f1
$ more f1
$ pg f1

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
Experiment 13 : Rename the file

Using mv instruction

Displays Moving files to another directory.
per one full screen. If the last argument is
the name of the directory, the files will be
moved to that directory.
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$ mv f1 prog.txt
$ ls

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
Displays Moving files to another directory. per
one full screen. If the last argument is the
name of the directory, the files will be moved
to that directory.
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$ mkdir mydir
$ mv f1 f2 f3 mydir

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
Experiment 14 : Deleting files
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$ rm f1
$ cp mydir /f1 f1
$ cp mydir /f2 f2
$ rm f1
$ rm -i f2

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
Experiment 15 : Search for words or
phrases in a file.
$ grep root /etc/passwd
$ grep “:0:” /etc/passwd
$ grep student /etc/passwd

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E. Exercise

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
Exercise : Practice 1
1 Change the finger information on your computer.
2 Look at the active users on your computer.
3 What commands are used to view a full year's calendar.
4 How can you see the manual of the cal command.
5 How to view ls manual commands with sort keywords.
6 What is the display for the ls ­a ­l and ls ­al commands.
7 Show all files including hidden files in the /etc directory.

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8 Show all complete files in the /etc directory.
9
Make directory exercise1 in active directory, then copy /etc/group
file to tes1, tes2 and tes3 file in this directory.
10 Display the contents of the test1 file per one full screen.
11 Move the test1 and tes2 files to the home directory.
12 Delete tes1 and tes2 files with confirmation.

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
Practice Report : Practice 1
1.Summarize Experiments 1 through experiment 15 in
table form as below:
Command Description Format
id
date
cal
hostname
uname
w
whoami
chfn

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appropos
ls ­l
ls ­a
ls ­f
ls ­F /etc
cp ­i
mv
mkdir
rm
grep

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2. Analyze the exercises that have been done.
2. Give a conclusion from this lab.

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