The document provides an overview of operating systems (OS), explaining their basic functionalities, classifications, and examples. It details different types of OS such as single-user, multi-tasking, batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time systems, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, it highlights the role of operating systems in managing hardware and software resources in computing environments.

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ASSESSMENT - 1
OPERATING SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY:-
ANUPRITA BHOYAR
2019-B-19072001A

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CONTENT
 Operating System
 Basic Functionalities Of OS
 Classification Of OS

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OPERATING SYSTEM
 An operating system, or "OS," is software that communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run.
 Mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones also include operating
systems that provide a GUI and can run applications.
• Microsoft Windows, Apple's macOS (formerly OS X), iOS, Chrome OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS, and favors of the
open source operating system Linux.

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 Organising files
 Controlling computer hardware
BASIC FUNCTIONALITIES OF OS
 Providing the user interface
 Security
 Protecting data files
 Reporting and logging

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF OS
 Single User :-
o Single Tasking :-
- only one user in permitted for performing single task at one
time.
 Multi Tasking :-is developed specially for one user, but this single user is able to perform to
multiple task run at same time frame.
 Batch OS :- Multiple users can share the batch systems
 Time sharing OS :- These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems..
 Distributed OS :- These are referred as loosely coupled systems.
 Network OS :- run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users etc.
 Real Time OS :- These types of OSs serves the real-time systems..

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Single-User OS
 Only one user is permitted for performing single task at a time.
 Some functions such as print a document, downloading images and video are performed one
given frame time.
o Examples – MS-DOS, Palm OS,etc.
o Advantages :
 Use less area in memory.
 It is Cost Effective.
o Disadvantages :
 It is able to execute only one task
at a time duration.
 It is less optimized.
o Single Tasking

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Single-User OS
o Multi Tasking
 Single-User Multi-Tasking operating system is developed specially for one
user, but this single user is able to perform multiple tasks run at a same time
frame.
 Some examples such as you can write any text, while surfing internet and
downloading images with watching movies, etc.
o Example– Windows, Linux, Mac O/S.
o Advantages:
 Time saving.
 High productivity in less time frame.
 Less memory is used for performing multiple tasks.
o Disadvantages:
 Require more space.
 It has more complexity.

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BATCH OS
 This type of OS does not interact with the
computer directly. There is an operator
which takes similar jobs having same
requirement and of operator to sort the jobs
with similar needs.
 It is the responsibility of operator to sort the
jobs with similar needs.
o Advantages
o Disadvantages
 It is very difficult to guess or know the time required by any job to complete. Processors
of the batch systems know how long the job would be when it is in queue.
 Multiple users can share the batch systems.
 The idle time for batch system is very less.
 It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems.
 The computer operators should be well known with batch systems.
 Batch systems are hard to debug.
 It is sometime costly.
 The other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job fails.
o Examples : Payroll System, Bank Statements etc.

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TIME SHARING OS
 Each task is given some time to execute, so that all the tasks work
smoothly. Each user gets time of CPU as they use single system.
 The task can be from single user or from different users also.
o Advantages :
 Each task gets an equal opportunity.
 Less chances of duplication of software.
 CPU idle time can be reduced.
o Disadvantages :
 Reliability problem.
 One must have to take care of security and integrity of user programs and data.
 Data communication problem.
o Examples : Multics, Unix etc.

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DISTRIBUTED OS
 These system runs on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users,
groups, security, applications, and other networking functions.
o Advantages :
 Failure of one will not affect the other network
communication, as all systems are independent
from each other
 Electronic mail increases the data exchange
speed
 Since resources are being shared, computation is
highly fast and durable
 Load on host computer reduces
 These systems are easily scalable as many
systems can be easily added to the network
 Delay in data processing reduces
o Examples :- LOCUS etc.

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o Disadvantages :
 Failure of the main network will stop the entire communication.
 To establish distributed systems the language which are used
are not well defined yet.
 These types of systems are not readily available as they are very
expensive. Not only that the underlying software is highly
complex and not understood well yet.

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NETWORK OS
 These systems run on a server and provide the capability to
manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions.
 Network Operating Systems is that all the users are well aware of the
underlying configuration, of all other users within the network, their
individual connections etc.
 And that’s why these computers are popularly known as tightly coupled
systems.
o Examples : Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server
2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD etc.
o Advantages :
 Highly stable centralized servers.
 Security concerns are handled through servers.
 New technologies and hardware up-gradation are easily integrated to the system.
 Server access are possible remotely from different locations and types of systems.

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o Disadvantages :
 Servers are costly.
 User has to depend on central location for most operations.
 Maintenance and updates are required regularly.

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REAL TIME OS
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 These types of OSs serves the real-time systems.
 The time interval required to process and
respond to inputs is very small. This time interval
is called response time.
o Examples :Scientific experiments, medical
imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems, robots, air traffic control
systems, etc.
o Advantages :
 Maximum Consumption
 Focus on Application
 Task Shifting
 Error Free
 Memory Allocation

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o Disadvantages :-
 Limited Tasks
 Use heavy system resources
 Complex Algorithms
 Device driver and interrupt signals
 Thread Priority

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THANK YOU