OpenWhisk: Where Did My Servers Go?
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This document discusses serverless computing and the OpenWhisk platform. It describes how OpenWhisk allows developers to build event-driven applications without managing servers. OpenWhisk provides a programming model based on actions that are triggered by events to execute code without worrying about scaling. It also offers an open source implementation that can run locally or on IBM Bluemix and supports various use cases like serverless apps, IoT, and chatbots.
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OpenWhisk: Where Did My Servers Go?
- 1. @csantanapr Where Did My Servers Go? Carlos Santana, IBM csantana@us.ibm.com
- 2. @csantanapr What you will learn • How cloud computing has recently evolved to enable developers to write cloud native applications better, faster, and cheaper using serverless technology. • How OpenWhisk provides an open source platform to enable cloud native, serverless, event driven applications.
- 3. @csantanapr Sometimes Servers let us down • HARD DRIVE FAILS • LINUX OS VULNERABILTY • MIDDLEWARE VERSION UPDATE • MORE MEMORY AND BIGGER CPU • ….
- 4. @csantanapr Scaling takes effort Explosion in number of containers / processes: 1. Increase of infrastructure cost footprint 2. Increase of operational management cost and complexity Region BRegion A Break-down into microservices Make each micro service HA Protect against regional outages Monolithic application
- 6. @csantanapr Cloud Evolution Bare metal Virtual machines Containers PaaS Functions Decreasing concern (and control) over stack implementation Increasingfocusonbusinesslogic
- 9. @csantanapr Pay as you go
- 11. @csantanapr Compute Limits flickr photo by zund https://flickr.com/photos/zund/12202485675 CC (BY-NC-ND) license
- 12. @csantanapr Debug/Test/Monitor flickr photo by Thomas Hawk https://flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/4544013443 CC (BY-NC) license
- 16. @csantanapr OpenWhisk OpenWhisk is a cloud platform that executes code in response to events OpenWhisk
- 17. @csantanapr OpenWhisk Use Cases Serverless Web Application Serverless Mobile Backend Real-time data processing Real-time Chatbot messaging Scheduled Jobs
- 18. @csantanapr OpenWhisk = open source
- 19. @csantanapr Running locally $ git clone github.com/openwhisk/openwhisk $ cd openwhisk/tools/vagrant $ ./hello
- 21. @csantanapr Programming Model A Action: A stateless, relatively short-running function invoked as an event handler. AJSON Object JSON Object Input Output Stateless Function
- 22. @csantanapr Programming Model A function main(params) { console.log(“Hello “ + params.name); return { msg: “Goodbye “ + params.name) }; } OpenWhisk supports Node.js 6
- 23. @csantanapr Programming Model := A Action Sequence: An Action that is a sequenced composition of 2 or more existing Actions. Note: This composition technique allows the reuse of existing action implementations treating them as “building blocks” for other Actions.
- 24. @csantanapr Programming Model 24 Trigger: Note: In a pub-sub system, a trigger could be viewed as a message topic. The name for a class of events. Triggers represent the events (and their data) themselves without any concept of how they were generated. OpenWhisk Serverless Platform
- 25. @csantanapr Programming Model R Rule: T A Trigger (Event) Action (Event handler) Rule (conditional logic) A mapping from a Trigger to an Action which may contain simple conditional logic. Note: OpenWhisk evaluates incoming events (that belong to a Trigger) and invokes the assigned Action (event handler) associated by the Rule.
- 26. @csantanapr Execution Model Pool of actions Swift DockerJS Trigger 1 Running action Running action Running action 3 OpenWhisk Engine 2 A T AAA
- 27. @csantanapr Event Driven Event Providers Cloudant GitHub Weather … Which triggers execution of associated OpenWhisk action 2 Slack JS Swift Docker … An event occurs, for example • Commit pushed to GitHub repository • Data changed in Cloudant 1 OpenWhisk
- 28. @csantanapr REST Microservices Send HTTP request HTTP GET app.com/customers 1 Invoke OpenWhisk action get-customers Browser Mobile App Web App 2 JS Swift Docker … OpenWhisk API Proxy
- 29. @csantanapr Under the hood Couch DB Consul Router (NGINX) Controller Kafka Invoker Invoker Docker Executor Executor Docker Java Swift Executor Executor NodeJS Python 1. Router receives request to API via CLI or UI 2. Controller checks entitlement and dispatches requests to Kafka 3. Invokers pull requests from CouchDB and start execution of the action
- 30. @csantanapr Under the hood: Deep look bit.ly/ow-int 1. Entering the system: nginx 2. Really entering the system: Controller 3. Authentication and Authorization: CouchDB 4. Getting the action: CouchDB… again 5. Who’s there to invoke the action: Consul 6. Please form a line: Kafka 7. Actually invoking the code already: Invoker 8. Storing the results: Yes… CouchDB again
- 31. @csantanapr Slack Bot bit.ly/ow-demo-2 GET /register POST /command POST /event Register action Event action Command action 2 OpenWhisk Engine 1 AAA API Proxy Register the bot Respond to direct messages Respond to slash commands
- 32. @csantanapr Smart home IoT, Banking github.com/openwhisk/awesome-openwhisk Project OpenFridge: Improving customer service with event driven IoT Project OpenChecks: Mobile check deposit with optical character recognition
- 36. @csantanapr Learning is Fun • DarkVision • Skylink • Open Checks • Open Fridge • Logistic Wizard • IOT data-in-motion • Slack invite • QR Generator • Blog Nag • Just Follow You • Slack Bot • Jekyll Publisher
- 37. @csantanapr Join Us! github.com/openwhisk @OpenWhisk bluemix.net/openwhisk slack.openwhisk.org StackOverflow tagged =>openwhisk Openwhisk.org
Editor's Notes
- In this transition to cloud native application development, the management of decomposed containerized applications has brought new operational concerns.
- Google released a study in July 2013, average utilization rates for 20,000 server clusters for three months. Find typical cluster spent most of its time running between 20-40 percent of capacity. That’s your money that’s better used. Spent on servers which are doing nothing. … Like having the water tap on all the time.
- Over the past ten years we’ve seen a steady improvement how fast developers can create and deploy applications to production. Starting with the moment that service providers matched virtualized resources with self service APIs, speed has been accelerating. Recently we’ve seen the shift from IaaS to PaaS, where developers concern themselves only with their apps and data. And now, we’ve seen the rise of Functions as a Service programming. Thoughout this shift the developer has narrowed his focus purely on business value, and lost site of more and more operational concerns, hence the term serverless.
- Shrunk unit of deployment. Focus on deploy small micro services, comprised of just a few functions, 100s lines of code. Not whole application. Platform starts new instances for each request. Don’t have instances running doing nothing. Don’t even have to think about servers? Implement interface.
- application designers can count on unlimited capacity of the platform to instantiate as many or as few functions as requested. Extreme speed means what happens if you get another request whilst your function is running? Start another one! Don’t have to predict traffic load. Scaling is free and automatic. microservice deployments and for applications with highly variable capacity requirements.
- Serverless is not designed for every usecase. Legacy HR payroll system. Modern application designed for the cloud. Enforce this architectural style through compute limits…. FaaS functions are stateless Execution Duration Startup Latency Memory/Allocation Allocation
- RELIANT ON SERVER TOOLS. Instrument, measure Open-source can help. LOGGING. Ensure logs are good. Testing, unit testing is easy, integration testing is hard. OpenWhisk == open source.
- Deploying one application to one hundred micro services concurrently. Deploy, version, fallback. Micro services come with complexity. Distributed computing is hard. Evaluate whether faaS event-driven architecture is a good fit for their applications and their team's development skills.
- Frameworks to help manage deployments. Serverless framework most popular. Working on Openwhisk support. Multi-vendor ….
- OpenWhisk is open-source. Announced in February, open-source the platform at the same time. Lot of people using serverless are very concerned about “vendor-lockin”. If you visit github.com/openwhisk access to the entire platform. Uses standard cloud-scale open-source components like Apache Kafka, Consul, Docker. Team continues to develop in the open. Milestones, raise tickets, browse documentation. Submit pull-requests.
- Which means you can have a full server less platform running on your laptop with three commands.. Vagrant file to set up the VM running the platform services using Docker. Running locally in minutes.
- but if you don’t feel like running it yourself, sign-up for a free account on IBM Bluemix. Hosted OpenWhisk platform. Currently in beta, which means they are no charges! Dashboard and visual code editor. Tooling.
- Discover dark data in videos with IBM Watson and IBM Bluemix OpenWhisk Dark Vision processes videos to discover dark data. By analyzing video frames with IBM Watson Visual Recognition, Dark Vision builds a summary with a set of tags and famous people or building detected in the video. Use this summary to enhance video search and categorization.
- Skylink is a sample application that connects drones to the cloud with near realtime image analysis leveraging IBM Cloudant, OpenWhisk, IBM Watson, and IBM Bluemix. Skylink is a sample application that lets you connect a DJI drone aircraft to the IBM Cloud with near realtime image analysis leveraging IBM Cloudant, OpenWhisk, IBM Watson, and Alchemy Vision.
- The Logistics Wizard is an end-to-end, smart supply chain management solution that showcases how to execute hybrid cloud, microservices, and predictive data analytics in the real world. Logistics Wizard is a reimagined supply chain optimization system for the 21st century. A number of companies use on-premises applications to run their supply chain business processes. Enterprise Resource Planning systems are often one of them and play a critical role in the daily operations.
- Take some inspiration from some of the the apps that people have built using OpenWhisk, play with them learn and have fun