Open standards: A success factor for smart cities

®
OGC
Open Standards:
A Success Factor for Smart Cities
Dr. Ingo Simonis
Director, Interoperability Programs & Science, OGC
July 2015
© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium 2
Shennan Avenue, Shenzhen, 1980ies Shennan Avenue, Shenzhen, 2014
Dehli, Metro 2004 Dehli, Metro 2015

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*2020 figures are based on forecasts. Source: AMI based on data from the United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs’ World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision.

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4
Today, 70% of global energy is consumed in cities
Today, 60-80% of GDP is generated in big cities
By 2050, 70% of the world’s population will live in cities

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The bigger the city, the more of everything

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Creativity
Health
facilities
Innovation
Culture
Education
Markets

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incr.
Trans-
portation
Congestio
n
Pollution
Diseases
Housing
shortcom.
Crime

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Creativity
Health
facilities
Innovation
Culture
Education
Markets
incr.
Trans-
portation
Congestio
n
Pollution
Diseases
Housing
shortcom.
Crime

OGC
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Science of Cities

OGC
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No two cities are the same
No universal solutions
Keep pace with urban development
Keep pace with changing conditions

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Aim to meet and exceed EU 20% CO2 reduction goal
Increase energy efficiency & use of renewable
Voluntarily commitment by local/regional authorities

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Smart Cities utilize ICT to increase
quality of life for their inhabitants while
providing sustainable development

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How does ICT help?

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Data is the oil of the 21st century
Neelie Kroes, EU commissioner for digital agenda

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Smart City Sensor Model

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Consumers & Producers

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20

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Smart Mobility
Smart
Governance
Smart Living
Smart People
Smart
Environment
Smart Economy
ICT: Bricks & Mortar

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Enterprise
Management
Supervision
Field
Control
Vertical Setup

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Spatial Smart City Enterprise Components
Based on ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities
City Sensor Webs
Sensor networks
Crowdsourcing
Phones, Wearables
Sensing
Layer
Analytics
and Models Metadata
Catalogs,
Semantics
Business
Layer
Visualization and
Decision Support
Population
Data
Data Access
Geospatial
Data
Data
Layer
Data Ingest and Quality Checking
Other
Data
Enterprise
Data
Urban/Municipal Database
Economic
Data
Health
Application
Layer
Intelligent buildings Intelligent transportation Open data
Environmental ProtectionPublic safety and security Urban planning
UtilitiesEmergency Services EducationSanitation
Elected Officials PublicMunicipal Employees
Cloudhostedresources
SecuritySystem
Smart City Information Enterprise

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Levels of Detail
Diagram: Filip Biljecki, TU Delft

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Perspectives
Copyright © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Science of Cities

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Science of Cities
diverse
domains
levels of
detail
many
protocols
diverse
requirmnts
diverse
models
legal
constraint
s
phases &
changes
…

OGC
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Open Standards
diverse
domains
levels of
detail
many
protocols
diverse
requirmnts
diverse
models
legal
constraint
s
phases &
changes
…

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http://mwpdigitalmedia.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/1
Boring…

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Benefits: German DIN Study
• Standards promote worldwide trade,
encouraging rationalization, quality assurance
and environmental protection, as well as
improving security and communication.
• Standards have a greater effect on economic
growth than patents or licenses.
• Standards facilitate procurement
• Standards create “Markets”
• "Economic Benefits of Standardization"
• Benefits to German economy of 17 billion Euros in
2010!
(c) 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Benefits: NIST (USA)
• “…the annual cost of waste
due to inadequate
interoperability among
computer-aided design,
engineering, and software
systems in the construction
industry to be $15.8
billion...”
•

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What is a Standard?
• “An agreed way of doing something”
EC: Practical standards guide for researchers - en

OGC
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What is a Standard?
• “An agreed way of doing something”
• Standards are the distilled wisdom of people with expertise
in their subject matter and who know the needs of the
organizations they represent – people such as
manufacturers, sellers, buyers, customers, trade
associations, users or regulators.
• Standards are knowledge. They are powerful tools that can
help drive innovation and increase productivity. They can
make organizations more successful and people’s
everyday lives easier, safer and healthier.
EC: Practical standards guide for researchers - en

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Types of standards?
• Formal or “De Jure”
• Informal or “De Facto”
• Private

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Types of standards?
• “De Jure” (ISO, CEN, DIN, AFNOR, ANSI, …)
– Through National Representation (NSB)
– Types:
• National (NS), European (EN): CEN
• International Standards (IS): ISO

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Types of standards?
• “De Facto” (IEEE, SAE, OGC, OASIS, W3C, …)
– Organisation or individual representation
– Consensus process
– In Technical Committees

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Types of standards?
• Private
– E.g. ESRI Shape file
• Not based on consensus

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Types of standards?
• “De Facto ”and “De Jure” work together
– In the Technical Committees
– For OGC, that is ISO/TC211
– (Fast Track Procedure)

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Geospatial Standards and Profiles
ISO/BSI
ISO 19103 ISO 19107 ISO 19108 ISO 19111 ISO 19115 ISO 19123 ISO 19136/19139
ISO 19152 - LADM
ISO 19156 – O&M
PAS Smart Cities
OGC IHO/ICAO/WMO/....INSPIRE
National/City Data Model
Smart service 1 Smart service 2
Domain specific
model 1
Domain specific
model 2
S-57/ S-100
AIXM 5.1
Network Model
Buildings
Addresses
........
CityGML
SWE Common
BIM
Future extension
GML Coverages
Information Viewpoint
Source: Carsten Roensdorf, Ordnance Survey

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Spatial information is pervasive and primary
• Geography Markup Language (GML)
– the international XML standard for
spatial data on the web.
• CityGML - open data format for the
storage and exchange of virtual 3D city
models and semantics
• IndoorGML - modeling indoor spaces
for navigation purposes.
• LandXML - civil engineering and
survey data for land development and
transportation
• Building Information Models (BIM)
using ISO, BuildingSmart and OGC
standards
Source: Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU
Information Viewpoint

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CityGML Standards Family
• CityGML Standard
– Version 2.0 – current adopted version
– Version 3.0 Standards Working Group underway
• INSPIRE Data Specification on Buildings
– Buildings Theme as in Annex III of the EU INSPIRE Directive
– 3D representations of buildings using CityGML
– Basis of visualization of noise mapping
• National 3D standard in The Netherlands
– OGC Best Practice: CityGML ADE - Dutch 3D Standard
• Additional profiles are underway
– 3D National Data Model for Kingdom of Bahrain
Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Understand, Integrate, Develop

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OGC FutureCity Pilot
bdelathouwer@opengeospatial.org

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Ingo Simonis
isimonis @ opengeospatial.org

Open standards: A success factor for smart cities

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