Open sea
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The document summarizes key aspects of the open sea or world's oceans. It describes how the ocean is spread among three major basins and divided into vertical zones based on depth. It also outlines some of the abiotic factors like temperature, light and pressure that influence the ocean environment as well as examples of organisms found in different ocean habitats, both near the surface and at depth. Threats to the ocean like pollution, overfishing and human impacts are also briefly mentioned.
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Open sea
The document summarizes key information about the open sea. It describes how the world's ocean is made up of three major basins that cover over 360 million square kilometers. It then outlines distinguishing characteristics of the ocean like salinity, waves, tides, depth and vastness. Finally, it discusses the different zones of the ocean from the littoral zone at the surface to the deepest hadal zone at the bottom and some threats facing the open sea.
marine ecology
1. The ocean can be divided into horizontal and vertical zones based on depth and distance from land, with the epipelagic zone located at the top within 200 meters of the surface where sunlight and photosynthesis occur.
2. Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone from 200-1000 meters where low light levels prevent photosynthesis, and many species have bioluminescence. The bathypelagic zone extends from 1000-4000 meters with no sunlight and low nutrients.
3. Marine organisms can be classified as plankton, nekton, or benthos depending on their lifestyle as floaters, swimmers, or bottom dwell
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is located at the bottom of the oceans and is very cold, dark, and high-pressure due to the lack of sunlight penetration. Organisms that live in the benthic zone have adaptations like bioluminescence to find food and fast swimming to evade predators in the difficult conditions without light and under high pressure.
Oceanic pelagic zone biology biome project
The ocean pelagic zone consists of the open ocean beyond coastal regions. It is divided into four subzones based on depth: (1) the epipelagic zone near the surface where sunlight allows photosynthesis, (2) the mesopelagic zone where little sunlight penetrates, (3) the bathypelagic zone in complete darkness where organisms eat falling debris or prey on each other, and (4) the abyssopelagic zone with extreme darkness and pressure. Organisms in the pelagic zone have adapted to the varying light levels, temperatures, pressures, and food availability of the different subzones.
DEEP sea
This document summarizes life in the deep sea. It discusses the equipment needed for deep sea diving, adaptations of organisms living in the deep sea including bioluminescence and streamlined bodies. Temperatures in the deep sea range from 34-104 degrees Celsius. Humans can survive up to around 3-4 atmospheres of pressure before their bodies are damaged, while deep sea creatures adapt through having less gas in their bodies and equalizing pressure internally. The deep sea is divided into layers from the bathypelagic to hadalpelagic zones. Organisms in the deepest zones face low oxygen, little food, no sunlight, and extreme cold. Examples mentioned include viperfish that detect prey electrically, col
Zonation in the ocean powerpoint
The ocean can be divided into zones based on depth and light levels, including the neritic zone in shallow coastal waters, the oceanic zone in deep open waters, and the photic zone where sunlight penetrates which contains the euphotic zone where photosynthesis can occur and the disphotic twilight zone with limited light. Below the photic zone lies the permanently dark aphotic zone which makes up most of the ocean's volume and extends to the sea floor. The ocean also contains vertical pelagic zones such as the Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, and Hadal zones based on depth.
The oceans
The document discusses several key topics about oceans:
- Oceans hold 97% of Earth's water and formed as the planet cooled. Oceanography studies oceans.
- Ocean floors have various features like trenches, ridges, canyons, and atolls. The floor is divided into shelves, slopes, and plains.
- Ocean water properties like salinity, measured in parts per thousand, vary by location and depth due to factors like evaporation and river inflows.
- Ocean water movement includes surface waves, tides from gravitational forces, and large-scale deep and shallow horizontal currents driven by density and rotation.
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This document defines and describes different types of marine organisms and zones they inhabit. It explains that plankton passively drift with ocean currents, while nekton can swim independently. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are types of plankton, and benthos live on or in ocean bottoms. The document also outlines various zones defined by sunlight penetration, distance from shore, and depth.
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Open sea
The document summarizes key information about the open sea. It describes how the world's ocean is made up of three major basins that cover over 360 million square kilometers. It then outlines distinguishing characteristics of the ocean like salinity, waves, tides, depth and vastness. Finally, it discusses the different zones of the ocean from the littoral zone at the surface to the deepest hadal zone at the bottom and some threats facing the open sea.
marine ecology
1. The ocean can be divided into horizontal and vertical zones based on depth and distance from land, with the epipelagic zone located at the top within 200 meters of the surface where sunlight and photosynthesis occur.
2. Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone from 200-1000 meters where low light levels prevent photosynthesis, and many species have bioluminescence. The bathypelagic zone extends from 1000-4000 meters with no sunlight and low nutrients.
3. Marine organisms can be classified as plankton, nekton, or benthos depending on their lifestyle as floaters, swimmers, or bottom dwell
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is located at the bottom of the oceans and is very cold, dark, and high-pressure due to the lack of sunlight penetration. Organisms that live in the benthic zone have adaptations like bioluminescence to find food and fast swimming to evade predators in the difficult conditions without light and under high pressure.
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DEEP sea
This document summarizes life in the deep sea. It discusses the equipment needed for deep sea diving, adaptations of organisms living in the deep sea including bioluminescence and streamlined bodies. Temperatures in the deep sea range from 34-104 degrees Celsius. Humans can survive up to around 3-4 atmospheres of pressure before their bodies are damaged, while deep sea creatures adapt through having less gas in their bodies and equalizing pressure internally. The deep sea is divided into layers from the bathypelagic to hadalpelagic zones. Organisms in the deepest zones face low oxygen, little food, no sunlight, and extreme cold. Examples mentioned include viperfish that detect prey electrically, col
Zonation in the ocean powerpoint
The ocean can be divided into zones based on depth and light levels, including the neritic zone in shallow coastal waters, the oceanic zone in deep open waters, and the photic zone where sunlight penetrates which contains the euphotic zone where photosynthesis can occur and the disphotic twilight zone with limited light. Below the photic zone lies the permanently dark aphotic zone which makes up most of the ocean's volume and extends to the sea floor. The ocean also contains vertical pelagic zones such as the Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, and Hadal zones based on depth.
The oceans
The document discusses several key topics about oceans:
- Oceans hold 97% of Earth's water and formed as the planet cooled. Oceanography studies oceans.
- Ocean floors have various features like trenches, ridges, canyons, and atolls. The floor is divided into shelves, slopes, and plains.
- Ocean water properties like salinity, measured in parts per thousand, vary by location and depth due to factors like evaporation and river inflows.
- Ocean water movement includes surface waves, tides from gravitational forces, and large-scale deep and shallow horizontal currents driven by density and rotation.
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This document defines and describes different types of marine organisms and zones they inhabit. It explains that plankton passively drift with ocean currents, while nekton can swim independently. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are types of plankton, and benthos live on or in ocean bottoms. The document also outlines various zones defined by sunlight penetration, distance from shore, and depth.
Layers of ocean
The ocean can be divided into 5 zones based on depth. The epipelagic or sunlight zone extends from the surface to 200 meters deep. Most plant and animal life is found in this warm, sunlit layer. Below is the mesopelagic or twilight zone from 200 to 3,300 meters, where little light penetrates and bioluminescent creatures begin to appear. The bathypelagic or dark zone is very cold from 1,000 to 4,000 meters deep, inhabited by black or red organisms and visited by sperm whales foraging for food. The abyssopelagic or abyss zone ranges from 4,000 to 6,000 meters with almost no light and few inverte
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This document provides information about oceans and marine life. It discusses the five major oceans, typical wind speeds in ocean zones, key facts about marine life including that oceans contain 99% of living space and life began in the sea over 3 billion years ago. It also summarizes the four zones of the marine environment - pelagic, benthic, abyssal, and intertidal. Various plant and animal species that live in the oceans are briefly mentioned.
Marine biology.ppt
The document discusses the different zones of the ocean realm. It is divided into the pelagic realm above the sea floor and the benthic realm along the sea floor. The pelagic realm is further divided horizontally into the neritic coastal zone and deeper oceanic zone, and vertically into the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic and hadal zones based on depth and light penetration. The benthic realm ranges from the intertidal zone to the deepest abyssal and hadal zones, and organisms living there rely on decaying material from above.
Marine water parameters: Temperature; Light; Oxygen; Salinity; and pH
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Temperature, light, Oxygen, salinity, pH are important marine factors which impact the major life and physical properties of the oceans. These factors make the marine environment a dynamic entity and otherwise impacting on the terrestrial ecosystems too.Q2 Module 2 (Earth's Water).pptx
This document provides definitions and descriptions of various aquatic ecosystems. It defines marine ecosystems as containing 97% of the planet's water and covering 71% of the Earth's surface. Freshwater ecosystems make up 0.8% of the surface and contain 41% of fish species. The document also defines the water cycle and describes the three stages of river development. Finally, it lists several uses of water.
Marine Biomes
Marine biomes make up the largest percentage of aquatic biomes on Earth and involve a medium to high percentage of salt in the water. They include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Coral reefs are usually found in shallow, warm waters and are important for controlling carbon dioxide levels and protecting coasts from strong currents. Estuaries involve both freshwater and salt water, protecting water quality while serving as centers of coastal communities. Marine biomes contribute substantially to global oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption.
Overview of ecology.
The document provides an overview of ecology, focusing on marine benthic environments and zonation of coral reefs. It defines key ecological terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. It then describes the different zones of the marine benthic environment, including the littoral, sublittoral, bathyl, abyssal, and hadal zones. Finally, it discusses coral reefs, including the symbiotic relationship between corals and algae, types of corals, conditions required for coral reef growth, zonation patterns in coral reefs, and various human impacts.
Coastal and marine ecosystem
This document provides an introduction to marine ecosystems. It discusses the key characteristics of marine ecosystems, including the biotic and abiotic components. It also describes several types of marine ecosystems in more detail, including oceans, estuaries, on-shore ecosystems, and coral reefs. For each ecosystem type, it outlines the defining features, environmental factors, and common plant and animal species found there. The goal is to study and understand these different marine environments and the life they support.
Marine fisheries
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Marine water
1. Marine ecology is the scientific study of marine life, habitats, populations, and interactions between organisms and their abiotic and biotic environment.
2. The marine environment can be divided into pelagic and benthic zones, with the pelagic further divided into epipelagic, mesoplanktic, bathypelagic, and abyssopelagic zones based on depth and light availability.
3. Key components of marine ecosystems include phytoplankton, zooplankton, coral reefs, mangroves and communities in coastal regions, continental shelves, and the open ocean.
Exploring the Oceans
This document is an Earth Science textbook chapter about oceans. It contains 5 sections that cover the following key points:
Section 1 discusses the divisions of the global ocean, how the oceans formed over billions of years, and the characteristics of ocean water such as salinity, temperature, and role in the water cycle.
Section 2 describes the two main regions of the ocean floor - the continental margin and deep ocean basin. It also discusses technologies used to study and map the ocean floor.
Section 3 outlines the three main groups of marine life - plankton, nekton, and benthos. It also examines the benthic and pelagic environments and their ecological zones inhabited by different organisms.
Marine Ecology
Marine ecology is the study of relationships between marine organisms and their physical and biological environments. Key features of marine ecology include the vast size of the ocean, its depth and continuous circulation. Marine environments can be divided horizontally into coastal, neritic and oceanic zones, and vertically into euphotic, mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones. Estuaries are productive ecosystems where freshwater mixes with saltwater, supporting diverse biota and acting as nurseries for many species. Mangroves and coral reefs are biologically rich ecosystems that protect coastlines and build land.
2 les 5 sci 5
The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tide that is exposed to air and ocean water at different times of the day. It extends from the high tide line to the edge of the continental shelf. The intertidal zone has harsh conditions as it fluctuates between being submerged and exposed to air and sunlight. Organisms that live there, such as mussels, barnacles, and crabs, have adaptations to withstand these fluctuations. The intertidal zone also provides food and shelter for both marine life and humans.
Unit iii chapter 15 (oceanography)
Oceanography is the study of the world's oceans using various scientific disciplines. There are four major oceans - the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. The Pacific is the largest and deepest. Ocean water characteristics vary with depth, including temperature, salinity, and density. Ocean floor topography includes continental margins, mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and trenches. Sediments include terrigenous eroded from land, biogenous from marine life, and hydrogenous from seawater minerals. Reef types are atolls, fringing reefs, and barrier reefs which provide habitats based on light, distance from shore, and depth. Oceans are important for regulating climate, supporting economies, and providing biological
Marine and coastal ecosystems
Marine and coastal ecosystems are diverse and complex systems. The marine ecosystem is the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering over 70% of the planet's surface. It contains a variety of habitat types, from coral reefs and kelp forests to deep sea and open ocean environments. Coastal ecosystems like mangroves, sandy shores, and estuaries exist at the interface between land and sea. These ecosystems support a high level of biodiversity but are threatened by rising sea levels and ocean acidification due to climate change. Careful management is needed to protect these important ecosystems.
Marine ecosystem
The document summarizes several marine ecosystems. It describes how oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and include shorelines like tidal flats and mangrove forests. Specific ecosystems are found around the world, depending on climate and geography. These include coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, and the deep sea. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands flooded by tides that are dominated by salt-tolerant grasses. The intertidal zone is the shore area above and below the water line during tides, containing habitats for starfish and coral. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees adapted to harsh coastal conditions.
Marine biomeorig
The marine biome covers 70% of the Earth and includes five main oceans. It has three vertical zones - the euphotic zone where light penetrates, the disphotic zone with twilight light levels, and the deep aphotic zone. The ocean contains a diversity of life including clams, dolphins, sharks, octopuses, sea snakes, sea anemones, mangroves, phytoplankton, and seaweeds.
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Open sea
- 1. Open Sea Chez Nicole Dullano Alexandria Rabanes
- 2. The world ocean covers over 360 million km2 of the earth’s surface and consists of one continuous, interconnected mass of water. This water is spread among three major ocean basins: Pacific Atlantic Indian
- 3. Distinguishing Characteristics: Salinity Waves Tides Depth Vastness
- 4. Benthic Pelagic Habitats on These are the bottom those found of the on the ocean, and bottom, regar other dless of the aquatic depth. organisms.
- 5. Structure The oceans can be divided into several vertical and •Littoral or horizontal zones. intertidal zone •Neritic zone •Oceanic zone
- 7. The ocean is generally divided vertically into Bathypelagic several depth zones Zone Mesopelagic Zone Epipelagic Zone
- 9. Abyssal Hadal Zone Zone This is It is the layer from where the deepest 4,000 to parts of the 6,000 m. ocean belongs.
- 11. Abiotic Factors • Temperature • Light • Pressure • Oxygen • Salinity • Water movement • Visibility
- 13. Phytoplanktons
- 14. Zooplanktons
- 15. Nanoplanktons
- 16. Nekton
- 19. Oil spills
- 21. Human occupancy and recreational use of the shores
- 22. Over fishing
- 23. Dumping grounds