Keynote at 4th Annual KnowEscape Conference, Sofia, Bulgaria (Feb 24, 2017). http://knowescape.org/knowescape2017/ Yes, we’re open: Open science & altmetrics Abstract: Open Science is en vogue – especially after Carlos Moedas, EU-Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation, has outlined his vision for Europe along the lines of ‘open innovation, open science, open to the world’. Open science describes the transition of ‘publishing as fast as possible’ towards ‘sharing knowledge as fast as possible’. Several reasons explain the move towards openness, it is expected, for example, that open science will increase the efficiency of science. Of course, digital media and web-based environments are keys to this development, but it also requires a systemic change to transform open science from a nice-to-have-feature into the default way of performing research. Altmetrics, i.e. social media-based metrics, are often considered drivers of open science and essential tools for changing the reward system in science. When looking closer, though, severe tensions between features as well as expectations of open science and altmetrics become apparent. The talk will argue that open science only can enfold its potential if ‘openness’ is fully embraced and supported by open metrics.

1. Open Science & Altmetrics
Professor Dr. Isabella Peters, Web Science

2. MOTIVATION

3. Motivation I:
Social media & the Web are all over the place
Source: http://www.domo.com/learn/data-never-sleeps-2

4. Allgemeine und berufliche
Nutzung von Online-Toolsn
use in
scientific
workflows
metrics &
information
gathering
just
profile,
no use
VanNoorden,R.(2014).Scientistsandthesocialnetwork.Nature,512,126–129.doi:10.1038/512126a

5. Motivation II:
Social media in
scholarly
communication
https://101innovations.wordpress.com/

6. Motivation II:
Social media in scholarly communication

7. OPEN SCIENCE

8. Drivers:
Open science push
Carlos Moedas
Commissioner for Research, Science &
Innovation
„:the way that science works is
fundamentally changing and an equally
important transformation is taking place in
how companies and societies innovate. Put
simply, the advent of digital technologies is
making science and innovation more open,
collaborative, and global.“
• Mai 2016
• Directorate-General for Research &
Innovation
• DOI: 10.2777/061652

9. Open science in the EU
Video: https://www.leibniz-
science20.de/de/die-european-open-
science-cloud-in-den-digitalen-medien/

10. Open science in the EU
High Level Expert Group on the European Open Science Cloud:
metaphor to help convey both
seamlessness and the idea of a
commons based on scientific data
https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/realising_the_european_open_science_cloud_2016.pdf

11. 2. Analysis, discussion
in blogs, wikis1. Publication of
gene sequence
3. Scientific publication
EHEC
Escherichia
coli bacterium

12. Open science: Examples & success stories
http://punkish.org/
A-lawyer-a-
scientist-and-a-kid
https://github.com/leereilly/swot

13. Open science: Examples & success stories
• Early feedback
https://www.icahdq.org/pubs/calls/Jour
nalOfMedia.asp

14. Open science: Examples & success stories
Page 14
• Early feedback
http://riojournal.com/

15. Open science: Examples & success stories

16. EC, 2016, DOI: 10.2777/061652
Open science: Definitions
• Open Science opens up the
entire research enterprise
(inner circle) by using a variety
of means and digital tools
(outer circle)
• From publishing as fast as
possible to sharing as fast as
possible

17. Open science: Definition
The Open Definition (http://opendefinition.org)
• Relates to open source software
• Knowledge is open if anyone is free to access, use, modify, and
share it — subject, at most, to measures that preserve provenance and
openness.

18. Benefits of open science
• Science system vs.
individual researcher
• Quality
• Efficiency
• Reproducibility
• Credibility
• Visibility
http://whyopenresearch.orgEC, 2016, DOI: 10.2777/061652

19. Benefits of (online) open science: Visibility
Beel, J., Gipp, B., & Wilde, E. (2010). Academic Search
Engine Optimization (ASEO): Optimizing Scholarly Literature
for Google Scholar and Co. Journal of Scholarly Publishing,
41(2), 176–190. doi: 10.3138/jsp.41.2.176

20. Benefits of (online) open science: Visibility
Page 20
http://de.slideshare.net/growkudos/authors-
use-of-social-media

21. Benefits of (online) open science: Visibility
Page 21
Swan, A. (2010). The Open Access citation
advantage: Studies and results to date (Technical
Report). URL:
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/268516

22. Benefits of open science: paradigm shift

23. Risks (?) of open science
• Blogging is a waste of precious time that could be spent on “legitimate”
publishing
• Because it’s a form of self-publishing that lacks peer review, blogging
isn’t usually viewed as a legitimate form of scholarship
• Dismissal of my work because it’s online [and] criticisms that my work
isn’t good enough to be published anywhere else.
• Sometimes blogging is even seen as disseminating one’s ideas too
freely. In a competitive academic field, research ideas could be
“scooped” from a blog, while established journals may not want to
publish work that’s available in some form online.
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/11/3
0/should-you-enter-the-academic-blogosphere/

24. ALTMETRICS

25. Doom of metrics: Academia fights back
San Francisco Declaration of Research Assessment
(http://am.ascb.org/dora)
• “The declaration intends to halt the practice of correlating the
journal impact factor to the merits of a specific scientist's
contributions. [:] this practice creates biases and inaccuracies
when appraising scientific research. [:] the impact factor is not
to be used as a substitute ‘measure of the quality of individual
research articles, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions’”
Altmetrics Manifesto (http://altmetrics.org/manifesto)
• “Altmetrics expand our view of what impact looks like, but also of
what’s making the impact. [:] Unlike citation metrics, altmetrics
will track impact outside the academy, impact of influential but
uncited work, and impact from sources that aren’t peer-reviewed.
[:] The speed of altmetrics presents the opportunity to create
real-time recommendation and collaborative filtering systems”

26. Altmetrics in open science

27. Altmetrics in open science
The call for open metrics
• research products and data sources for metric development need
to be logically selected, open documented, and chosen in line with
the disciplinary norms;
• data that underlies metrics, indicators, and measurements need to
be open and accessible (preferably via automatic processes, e.g.
API);
• provision of software that was used for calculations;
• logical, scientific, and documented explanation of how data were
derived and metrics calculated.
Herb, U. (2016). Impactmessung, Transparenz
& Open Science: Open Metrics. Online:
https://www.scinoptica.com/2016/09/impactme
ssung-transparenz-open-science/

28. CONCLUSIONS

29. Conclusions

30. Conclusions
Science of open science

31. Conclusion
Open science is science
http://imgur.com/74I7MBx?r
science
qualityopen

32. Seite 32
Conclusions
http://blog.ucsusa.org/rachel-cleetus/you-cant-delete-climate-change

33. Professor Dr. Isabella Peters
ZBW – Leibniz Information Center for
Economics & Kiel University
i.peters@zbw.eu
Thank you!

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2.0: Supporting a Doctoral Community of Practice in Technology
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Workshop at the 4th European Conference on Technology-Enhanced
Learning (ECTEL’09), Nice, France.
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European Conference on Technology-Enhanced Learning (ECTEL’09),
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• Waldrop, M. M. (2008). Science 2.0. Scientific American, 298(5), 68.
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