OPEN BADGES
OPEN CREDENTIALS FOR ALL SKILLS
Prof. Dr. Ilona Buchem
Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin
@mediendidaktik
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK | ERASMUS+ KA2 | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
Photo: http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/
12 500 students
8 departments, 70 BA and MA programs
Member in Virtual Universities Association
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
MY RESEARCH & PROJECTS
Open Badges at Beuth University
Bachelor and master thesis about Open Badges
Qualification programs for migrants
Perceived
usefulness to
employers
Competency
assessment for
Open Badges
Design
requirements for
Open Badges
Policy
recommendations
for Open Badges
Policy
recommendations
from Germany
DACH Community
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
Output 1: Open Badge Network Framework & Leadership
Output 2: Open Badge Network Infrastructure
Output 3: Open Badges for Individuals & Organisations
Output 4: Open Badges in Territories
Output 5: Establishing Open Badges at Policy Levels
Output 6: European Open Badge Network
Output 7: Research, Evaluation and Quality
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
OPEN BADGE NETWORK / ERASMUS+
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
Twitter:
@DACHbadges
Google+
https://goo.gl/t3fFAz
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
DACH USER GROUP 4 OPEN BADGES
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
PILOT - QUALIFICATIONS FOR MIGRANTS
BeuthBonus qualification program @Beuth – http://beuthbonus.beuth-hochschule.de/
Open Licence
(use of work)
Open Access
(research outputs)
Open Source
(source code)
1998
OpenContent
(David Wiley)
1998
2001
OpenCourseware
(MIT)
2001
2002
Open Edu Resources
(UNESCO)
2002
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
Open Learning
(community)
Open Coding
(skills)
2009
2011
Open Syllabus
(Jim Groom)
2010
MOOC
(Siemens & Downes)
20082007
Open Data
(knowledge)
Open Badges
(Mozilla)
2012
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
https://www.futurelearn.com
O
P
E
N
“After all, traditional college diplomas
look elegant when hung on the wall, but
they contain very little detail about what
the recipient learned.” (Young, 2012)
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
CLOSED
“The Web has blown documents apart. (…)
What once was literally a tightly bound
entity has been ripped into pieces and
thrown into the air.
-Weinberger (2003)
Small Pieces Loosely Joined. The unified theory of the Web.
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
“Mozilla Open Badges are Web-enabled tokens of learning and accomplishment”
Casilli & Hickey (2016)
Image: http://sportthieme.scene7.com/
Open Badges form a loose federation of many
small digital credentials.
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
OPEN BADGES - OPEN STANDARD
HOW TO USE OPEN BADGES?
Share in social
networks
Add to job
application Collect in
ePortfolio
Publish on a
blog / website
Foto: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Azerbajiani_landscape_-_Another_version.jpg
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
OBI is the underlying technology supporting badge issuing, collection, and display.
(1) OBI INTEROPERABILITY
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
(2) OPEN BADGES METADATA
Open Bades Technical Specification defines the metadata required for interoperability
Image: DigitalMe
“90% of the badge system is not visual”
Klein, J. (2013)
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
Leaser (2016): https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-open-badges-create-bridge-from-colleges-careers-david-leaser
EXAMPLE #1: IBM BADGES
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
EXAMPLE #2: MOODLE BADGES
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
(3) OPEN BADGES USER HUB
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
(3) OPEN BADGES USER HUB
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
EXAMPLE #1: 21ST CENTURY SKILLS
http://stratfordhigh.stratfordk12.org/images/customer-images/Misc/21st.PNG
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
https://www.buzzmath.com
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
BUZZ MATH, USA
http://www.competencyx.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
COMPETENCY X, USA
https://cancred.ca/
CANCRED, CANADA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.slcbiz.ca/index.cfm/badges/communication-badges/communication-specialist-badge/
ST. LAWRENCE, CANADA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
SUPPORTER 2 REPORTER, UK
http://www.digitalme.co.uk/s2r-medals
https://bestr.it/badge/show/221
BESTR, ITALY
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
https://www.openbadgeacademy.com/badge/926
To earn this badge
you have to
write a self-report
BEUTH BONUS, GERMANY
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
https://www.openbadgeacademy.com/badge/926
To earn this badge
you have to
write a self-report
BEUTH BONUS, GERMANY
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
DISTRIBUTED ASSESSMENT
Evidence #1
Test results from
the university
Evidence #2
Testimonials from
clients/colleagues
Evidence #3
Interview results
from a coach
Evidence #4
Self-report /
ePortfolio
Evidence #5
Activities in
social media
Evidence #6
Endorsement from
employer
Distributed assessment is multi-perspective, negotiable and learner-driven!
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
EXAMPLE #2: DIGITAL SKILLS
• Basic user, I can look for information online using a search engine. I know not all
online information is reliable. I can save or store files or content (e.g. text, pictures,
music, videos, web pages) and retrieve them once saved or stored. Apply here:
https://openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O4YA5NaEXZaK/apply
• Independent user, I can use different search engines to find information. I use some
filters when searching (e.g. searching only images, videos, maps). I compare different
sources to assess the reliability of the information I find. I classify the information in a
methodical way using files and folders to locate these easier. I do backups of
information or files I have stored. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/
earnablebadge/O4YGG2aEXZa1S/apply
• Proficient user, I can use advanced search strategies (e.g. using search operators) to
find reliable information on the internet. I can use web feeds (like RSS) to be updated
with content I am interested in. I can assess the validity and credibility of information
using a range of criteria. I am aware of new advances in information search, storage
and retrieval. Ι can save information found on the internet in different formats. I can
use cloud information storage services. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/
earnablebadge/O4YGOZaEXZa1T/apply
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
EXAMPLE #2: DIGITAL SKILLS
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
• Basic user, I can produce simple digital content (e.g. text, tables, images, audio files) in at least
one format using digital tools. I can make basic editing to content produced by others. I know
that content can be covered by copyright. I can apply and modify simple functions and settings
of software and applications that I use (e.g. change default settings). Apply here: https://
openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O5BDJSa3U5a1L/apply
• Independent user, I can produce complex digital content in different formats (e.g. text, tables,
images, audio files). I can use tools/editors for creating web page or blog using templates (e.g.
WordPress). I can apply basic formatting (e.g. insert footnotes, charts, tables) to the content I or
others have produced. I know how to reference and reuse content covered by copyright. I know
the basics of one programming language. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/
earnablebadge/O5BDNRa3U5a1M/apply
• Proficient user, I can produce or modify complex, multimedia content in different formats,
using a variety of digital platforms, tools and environments. I can create a website using a
programming language. I can use advanced formatting functions of different tools (e.g. mail
merge, merging documents of different formats, using advanced formulas, macros). I know
how to apply licences and copyrights. I can use several programming languages. I know how to
design, create and modify databases with a computer tool. Apply here: https://
openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O5BDPTa3U5a1N/apply
Open Badges can help
learners to connect
diverse
learning contexts,
learning episodes,
learning outcomes,
by assembling
learning evidence
and creating
learning pathways.
LEARNING PATHWAYS
Casilli (2013)
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
SKILLS DEMAND & OPEN BADGES
goal-setting
(e. g. by visualising which 21st
century skills matter, what criteria
need to be fulfilled for a particular
skill level)
identity-formation
(e. g. by warranting claims about
own 21st century skills as resources
and affirming or disaffirming these
claims by others)
reach of assessment
(e. g. by applying criteria from the
world of work and providing
multiple evidence in support of
claims of 21st century skills)
data transparency
(e. g. by making data about 21st
century skills available for learners,
educators, employers,
policy-makers)
Open Badges may be used to assess personal/individual skills but also to assess organisational/system
performance, e.g. education systems, workplace practices and policies in developing 21st century skills.
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
“ Thank you!
@mediendidaktik
@OpenBadgeNet
#OpenBadges
http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
#FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA

Open Badges – Open Credentials for All Skills

  • 1.
    OPEN BADGES OPEN CREDENTIALSFOR ALL SKILLS Prof. Dr. Ilona Buchem Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin @mediendidaktik #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK | ERASMUS+ KA2 | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA Photo: http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/
  • 2.
    12 500 students 8departments, 70 BA and MA programs Member in Virtual Universities Association #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 3.
    MY RESEARCH &PROJECTS Open Badges at Beuth University Bachelor and master thesis about Open Badges Qualification programs for migrants Perceived usefulness to employers Competency assessment for Open Badges Design requirements for Open Badges Policy recommendations for Open Badges Policy recommendations from Germany DACH Community #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 4.
    Output 1: OpenBadge Network Framework & Leadership Output 2: Open Badge Network Infrastructure Output 3: Open Badges for Individuals & Organisations Output 4: Open Badges in Territories Output 5: Establishing Open Badges at Policy Levels Output 6: European Open Badge Network Output 7: Research, Evaluation and Quality http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ OPEN BADGE NETWORK / ERASMUS+ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 5.
    Twitter: @DACHbadges Google+ https://goo.gl/t3fFAz http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPENBADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA DACH USER GROUP 4 OPEN BADGES
  • 6.
    http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPENBADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA PILOT - QUALIFICATIONS FOR MIGRANTS BeuthBonus qualification program @Beuth – http://beuthbonus.beuth-hochschule.de/
  • 7.
    Open Licence (use ofwork) Open Access (research outputs) Open Source (source code) 1998 OpenContent (David Wiley) 1998 2001 OpenCourseware (MIT) 2001 2002 Open Edu Resources (UNESCO) 2002 http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 8.
    Open Learning (community) Open Coding (skills) 2009 2011 OpenSyllabus (Jim Groom) 2010 MOOC (Siemens & Downes) 20082007 Open Data (knowledge) Open Badges (Mozilla) 2012 http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 9.
    https://www.futurelearn.com O P E N “After all, traditionalcollege diplomas look elegant when hung on the wall, but they contain very little detail about what the recipient learned.” (Young, 2012) #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ CLOSED
  • 10.
    “The Web hasblown documents apart. (…) What once was literally a tightly bound entity has been ripped into pieces and thrown into the air. -Weinberger (2003) Small Pieces Loosely Joined. The unified theory of the Web. #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
  • 11.
    “Mozilla Open Badgesare Web-enabled tokens of learning and accomplishment” Casilli & Hickey (2016) Image: http://sportthieme.scene7.com/ Open Badges form a loose federation of many small digital credentials. #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ OPEN BADGES - OPEN STANDARD
  • 12.
    HOW TO USEOPEN BADGES? Share in social networks Add to job application Collect in ePortfolio Publish on a blog / website Foto: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Azerbajiani_landscape_-_Another_version.jpg #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
  • 13.
    OBI is theunderlying technology supporting badge issuing, collection, and display. (1) OBI INTEROPERABILITY http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 14.
    (2) OPEN BADGESMETADATA Open Bades Technical Specification defines the metadata required for interoperability Image: DigitalMe “90% of the badge system is not visual” Klein, J. (2013) http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 15.
  • 16.
    EXAMPLE #2: MOODLEBADGES http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 17.
    (3) OPEN BADGESUSER HUB http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 18.
    (3) OPEN BADGESUSER HUB #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
  • 19.
    EXAMPLE #1: 21STCENTURY SKILLS http://stratfordhigh.stratfordk12.org/images/customer-images/Misc/21st.PNG http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 20.
    https://www.buzzmath.com #FUSCIA2016 | OPENBADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ BUZZ MATH, USA
  • 21.
    http://www.competencyx.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPENBADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ COMPETENCY X, USA
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
    http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPENBADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA SUPPORTER 2 REPORTER, UK http://www.digitalme.co.uk/s2r-medals
  • 25.
  • 26.
    https://www.openbadgeacademy.com/badge/926 To earn thisbadge you have to write a self-report BEUTH BONUS, GERMANY http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 27.
    https://www.openbadgeacademy.com/badge/926 To earn thisbadge you have to write a self-report BEUTH BONUS, GERMANY http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 28.
    DISTRIBUTED ASSESSMENT Evidence #1 Testresults from the university Evidence #2 Testimonials from clients/colleagues Evidence #3 Interview results from a coach Evidence #4 Self-report / ePortfolio Evidence #5 Activities in social media Evidence #6 Endorsement from employer Distributed assessment is multi-perspective, negotiable and learner-driven! http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 29.
    EXAMPLE #2: DIGITALSKILLS • Basic user, I can look for information online using a search engine. I know not all online information is reliable. I can save or store files or content (e.g. text, pictures, music, videos, web pages) and retrieve them once saved or stored. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O4YA5NaEXZaK/apply • Independent user, I can use different search engines to find information. I use some filters when searching (e.g. searching only images, videos, maps). I compare different sources to assess the reliability of the information I find. I classify the information in a methodical way using files and folders to locate these easier. I do backups of information or files I have stored. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/ earnablebadge/O4YGG2aEXZa1S/apply • Proficient user, I can use advanced search strategies (e.g. using search operators) to find reliable information on the internet. I can use web feeds (like RSS) to be updated with content I am interested in. I can assess the validity and credibility of information using a range of criteria. I am aware of new advances in information search, storage and retrieval. Ι can save information found on the internet in different formats. I can use cloud information storage services. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/ earnablebadge/O4YGOZaEXZa1T/apply #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
  • 30.
    EXAMPLE #2: DIGITALSKILLS #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ • Basic user, I can produce simple digital content (e.g. text, tables, images, audio files) in at least one format using digital tools. I can make basic editing to content produced by others. I know that content can be covered by copyright. I can apply and modify simple functions and settings of software and applications that I use (e.g. change default settings). Apply here: https:// openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O5BDJSa3U5a1L/apply • Independent user, I can produce complex digital content in different formats (e.g. text, tables, images, audio files). I can use tools/editors for creating web page or blog using templates (e.g. WordPress). I can apply basic formatting (e.g. insert footnotes, charts, tables) to the content I or others have produced. I know how to reference and reuse content covered by copyright. I know the basics of one programming language. Apply here: https://openbadgefactory.com/c/ earnablebadge/O5BDNRa3U5a1M/apply • Proficient user, I can produce or modify complex, multimedia content in different formats, using a variety of digital platforms, tools and environments. I can create a website using a programming language. I can use advanced formatting functions of different tools (e.g. mail merge, merging documents of different formats, using advanced formulas, macros). I know how to apply licences and copyrights. I can use several programming languages. I know how to design, create and modify databases with a computer tool. Apply here: https:// openbadgefactory.com/c/earnablebadge/O5BDPTa3U5a1N/apply
  • 31.
    Open Badges canhelp learners to connect diverse learning contexts, learning episodes, learning outcomes, by assembling learning evidence and creating learning pathways. LEARNING PATHWAYS Casilli (2013) #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/
  • 32.
    SKILLS DEMAND &OPEN BADGES goal-setting (e. g. by visualising which 21st century skills matter, what criteria need to be fulfilled for a particular skill level) identity-formation (e. g. by warranting claims about own 21st century skills as resources and affirming or disaffirming these claims by others) reach of assessment (e. g. by applying criteria from the world of work and providing multiple evidence in support of claims of 21st century skills) data transparency (e. g. by making data about 21st century skills available for learners, educators, employers, policy-makers) Open Badges may be used to assess personal/individual skills but also to assess organisational/system performance, e.g. education systems, workplace practices and policies in developing 21st century skills. http://www.openbadgenetwork.com/ #FUSCIA2016 | OPEN BADGE NETWORK ERASMUS+ | 18-10-2016 | CC BY-SA
  • 33.