The document discusses implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and UN Security Council Resolution 1540 at national levels. It outlines key obligations of States Parties under the CWC including prohibiting chemical weapons and regulating toxic chemicals. It also describes the OPCW's role in verifying destruction of stockpiles and inspecting facilities. States must adopt legislation to enforce the CWC through penalties and controlling trade. The OPCW provides assistance to States in drafting laws and raising awareness among stakeholders to strengthen implementation.
The document discusses the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), an arms control treaty that bans chemical weapons. It is administered by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The CWC requires states to destroy stockpiles of chemical weapons and the facilities used to produce them. It also implements a verification regime to monitor chemicals that could potentially be used to produce chemical weapons. So far, over 72,000 metric tons of chemical agents and weapons have been verifiably destroyed by states parties to the CWC. The OPCW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013 for its work in eliminating chemical weapons.
The document summarizes the legal regulation of the use of force under international law. It discusses the basic rule prohibiting the use of force under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, with exceptions for self-defense and Security Council enforcement actions. It examines debates around the interpretation of Article 2(4) and the requirements for a lawful use of force in self-defense, including that an armed attack must be in progress, the defense must be necessary and proportionate. It also discusses controversial uses of force like anticipatory self-defense and claims of self-defense against terrorist attacks.
now a days i researching about new means and method of warfare with taking and observing the international experts opinions and analysis, as this world is achieving and inventing more effective and dangerous weapon and way of projectile these new weapon which becoming the serious threat to human life, not just human but these new full of technology weapon and methods are enough to destroy entire world .
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 8 - Sources of IHLNilendra Kumar
International humanitarian law has two main branches: the Hague law which regulates how armies conduct hostilities, and the Geneva law which regulates the protection of people under one's power. The key sources of international humanitarian law are the four 1949 Geneva Conventions for protecting victims of war, along with additional protocols from 1977. International humanitarian law is strengthened by other international agreements promoting human rights and prohibiting crimes against humanity.
Introduction to chemical weapons. This presentation explains the most important CW, the international treaties that have been signed, and in which situation are them nowadays.
This presentation discusses the rights of parties to a conflict to adopt methods and means of warfare at their choice while also highlighting their limits in this regard.
The document discusses the law of treaties, specifically focusing on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It provides definitions for key terms like "treaty" and discusses elements of a treaty based on the Vienna Convention. It also examines the conclusion of treaties, including treaty making capacity, steps to conclude a treaty through negotiation, adoption, expression of consent, and issues like reservations. The document is analyzing the law of treaties under the Vienna Convention framework.
The document discusses various chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear materials that could potentially be used by terrorist groups like al-Qaeda in attacks. It describes ricin and cyanide as toxic chemicals that terrorists have considered using to poison food or spread on surfaces. Anthrax, botulinum toxin, and ricin are mentioned as potential biological agents. Radiological dispersal devices are also discussed as ways to spread radioactive material without a nuclear explosion. The document provides details on the symptoms and effects of these various substances.
The document discusses the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), an arms control treaty that bans chemical weapons. It is administered by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The CWC requires states to destroy stockpiles of chemical weapons and the facilities used to produce them. It also implements a verification regime to monitor chemicals that could potentially be used to produce chemical weapons. So far, over 72,000 metric tons of chemical agents and weapons have been verifiably destroyed by states parties to the CWC. The OPCW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013 for its work in eliminating chemical weapons.
The document summarizes the legal regulation of the use of force under international law. It discusses the basic rule prohibiting the use of force under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, with exceptions for self-defense and Security Council enforcement actions. It examines debates around the interpretation of Article 2(4) and the requirements for a lawful use of force in self-defense, including that an armed attack must be in progress, the defense must be necessary and proportionate. It also discusses controversial uses of force like anticipatory self-defense and claims of self-defense against terrorist attacks.
now a days i researching about new means and method of warfare with taking and observing the international experts opinions and analysis, as this world is achieving and inventing more effective and dangerous weapon and way of projectile these new weapon which becoming the serious threat to human life, not just human but these new full of technology weapon and methods are enough to destroy entire world .
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 8 - Sources of IHLNilendra Kumar
International humanitarian law has two main branches: the Hague law which regulates how armies conduct hostilities, and the Geneva law which regulates the protection of people under one's power. The key sources of international humanitarian law are the four 1949 Geneva Conventions for protecting victims of war, along with additional protocols from 1977. International humanitarian law is strengthened by other international agreements promoting human rights and prohibiting crimes against humanity.
Introduction to chemical weapons. This presentation explains the most important CW, the international treaties that have been signed, and in which situation are them nowadays.
This presentation discusses the rights of parties to a conflict to adopt methods and means of warfare at their choice while also highlighting their limits in this regard.
The document discusses the law of treaties, specifically focusing on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It provides definitions for key terms like "treaty" and discusses elements of a treaty based on the Vienna Convention. It also examines the conclusion of treaties, including treaty making capacity, steps to conclude a treaty through negotiation, adoption, expression of consent, and issues like reservations. The document is analyzing the law of treaties under the Vienna Convention framework.
The document discusses various chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear materials that could potentially be used by terrorist groups like al-Qaeda in attacks. It describes ricin and cyanide as toxic chemicals that terrorists have considered using to poison food or spread on surfaces. Anthrax, botulinum toxin, and ricin are mentioned as potential biological agents. Radiological dispersal devices are also discussed as ways to spread radioactive material without a nuclear explosion. The document provides details on the symptoms and effects of these various substances.
The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption is an international agreement between countries to establish best practices for intercountry adoptions. It aims to consider the best interests of children and prevent exploitation. Each country designates a Central Authority to facilitate accurate information sharing. The U.S. State Department is the Central Authority and making the U.S. compliant is a top priority. The Convention was completed in 1993 and the U.S. ratified it in 2007, requiring accredited adoption agencies for adoptions between the U.S. and other signatories starting in 2008.
Extradition refers to the delivery of a person suspected or convicted of a crime by the state they have fled to, to the state that has jurisdiction over them. Generally, states have jurisdiction over people within their territory, but sometimes criminals flee to other countries, preventing justice. To address this, states adopt extradition agreements to hand suspected criminals back to the affected state. However, extradition is subject to several restrictions, including requiring a formal extradition treaty between the states, not extraditing people for political or religious crimes, requiring sufficient evidence of criminal acts, and only prosecuting extradited individuals for the crimes specified in the extradition request. In conclusion, while extradition is important for administering justice, it is
Intro to international humanitarian law by icrcTabi Khan
International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the Law of Armed Conflict, regulates armed conflict by limiting means and methods of warfare and limiting suffering. IHL protects civilians and those who are wounded, captured or detained. It originated from ancient customs and was modernized in the 1860s by Henry Dunant, who established the International Committee of the Red Cross and promoted the Geneva Conventions protecting wounded soldiers. The four 1949 Geneva Conventions and two 1977 Additional Protocols apply to international and non-international armed conflicts. IHL principles include distinction, proportionality, unnecessary suffering and military necessity. All parties in conflict, including non-state actors, must respect IHL.
Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherland.
Hague Convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as international law.
Jurisdiction active and passive personality, protective principle andAbsar Aftab Absar
The document discusses different principles of jurisdiction that states can exercise, including territoriality, nationality (active and passive personality), protective principle, and universal jurisdiction. It provides examples of how different states have applied these principles in national courts. The principles evolved to address transnational crimes and situations where territoriality alone was insufficient. Universal jurisdiction in particular remains an evolving principle that requires state consent through treaties or custom to apply to specific offenses.
International Humanitarian Law, (Lecture 15)- Distinction between internation...Nilendra Kumar
This presentation explains the nature of an armed conflict and the salient differences between international armed conflict and non international armed conflict while also highlighting its relevance there to.
This document provides an outline and objectives for analyzing key concepts relating to international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL). It discusses the interlinkages between public international law, international human rights law, IHL, and ICL. The document outlines the history and emergence of IHL and ICL, their key legal instruments and sources. It analyzes the application of ICL and categories of international crimes such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The connection between IHL and ICL is also discussed, particularly how violations of IHL can constitute war crimes under ICL.
The united nations-general assembly - ALL ABOUT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNtanushseshadri
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
SORRY I DIDNT HAVE TIME TO DO IT ON THE OTHER ORGANS
ALL ABOUT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UN
IT'S FUNCTIONS ETC
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 6 - Core Principles of IHLNilendra Kumar
This lecture lays down the application and the practice of International Humanitarian Law also known as Law of Armed Conflicts (LOAC). It gives a detailed explanation of the core principles of IHL.
The document discusses the history of war crimes, from one of the first occurrences of a war crimes trial of Peter von Hagenbach in 1474 to modern examples. It outlines the Geneva Conventions that seek to protect non-combatants and mentions ongoing conflicts in Darfur resulting in thousands of civilian deaths that may constitute genocide and war crimes. Several American soldiers are listed as having committed war crimes. The International Criminal Court was established to prosecute war criminals and has so far convicted 16 people.
International Criminal Court: Jurisdiction and IssuesJee Lee
The document discusses individual criminal liability under international law, outlining the history and jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) which prosecutes genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It explains the ICC's jurisdiction over these international crimes and how cases can be referred to the court by states, the UN Security Council, or initiated by the prosecutor. Issues relating to the ICC's impact on state sovereignty and selectivity of prosecutions are also addressed.
Table; Methods of peaceful settlement of international disputeszeyadjaffal
1. The document discusses various methods for the peaceful settlement of international disputes, including negotiation, mediation, inquiry, conciliation, and arbitration.
2. It provides definitions and characteristics of each method, as well as examples of past applications.
3. The final section describes the International Court of Justice, which functions as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and settles disputes through either contentious cases or advisory opinions.
A Critically Analysis of the Doctrine of Use of Force by States under Interna...Onyekachi Duru Esq
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a clear statement, assessment and critical analysis of the rules of international law governing the use of force by states.
This document discusses the legal framework governing armed conflict under international law. It outlines the purpose and key principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. It also discusses the relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law, and how both apply during armed conflict. Finally, it examines some of the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts, including issues around non-state armed groups and implementation of the law.
Consular and diplomatic_affairs_lecture_5Samer Salama
The document summarizes key aspects of diplomatic immunity and inviolability as outlined in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. It discusses that diplomatic missions and agents are inviolable and cannot be entered or arrested by the receiving state without consent. The receiving state must protect diplomatic premises and not allow any disturbances or threats to dignity. Immunity is conferred for criminal and most civil/administrative matters but excludes actions related to private property, inheritance, or professional/commercial activities. Immunity can be waived by the sending state. Diplomatic communications and bags are also inviolable and protected.
This document summarizes international humanitarian law (IHL), including its sources in customary international law and treaties like the Hague and Geneva Conventions. It describes the key principles of IHL like distinction, proportionality, and military necessity. It discusses the different types of armed conflicts and protected persons under IHL such as civilians, prisoners of war, and the wounded. It also outlines prohibitions on means and methods of warfare and the application of IHL to non-international armed conflicts.
International humanitarian law (IHL) has its origins in the 19th century but is based on older principles of mitigating human suffering during armed conflict. IHL is derived from both historical sources like the 1864 Geneva Convention and 1907 Hague Regulations, as well as modern treaties like the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols. These sources aim to balance military necessity with humanitarian protections for civilians and combatants. IHL also includes customary international law derived from widespread and consistent state practice followed out of a sense of legal obligation.
Chemical weapons use toxic chemicals to harm or kill. They include nerve agents like sarin that disrupt the nervous system, and blister agents like sulfur mustard that cause severe burns. While some countries used chemical weapons in past wars, their use has been banned by international treaties since 1993 due to their indiscriminate and inhumane effects on human health.
This document summarizes the types of chemical weapons, including nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, choking agents, and incapacitating agents. It provides examples of specific chemical weapons like phosgene, mustard gas, lewisite, hydrogen cyanide, soman, and chlorine. The document explains that chemical weapons cause death, injury or temporary incapacitation through chemical action on the lungs, skin, eyes or nervous system by interfering with oxygen absorption, blistering skin or causing difficulty breathing.
The Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption is an international agreement between countries to establish best practices for intercountry adoptions. It aims to consider the best interests of children and prevent exploitation. Each country designates a Central Authority to facilitate accurate information sharing. The U.S. State Department is the Central Authority and making the U.S. compliant is a top priority. The Convention was completed in 1993 and the U.S. ratified it in 2007, requiring accredited adoption agencies for adoptions between the U.S. and other signatories starting in 2008.
Extradition refers to the delivery of a person suspected or convicted of a crime by the state they have fled to, to the state that has jurisdiction over them. Generally, states have jurisdiction over people within their territory, but sometimes criminals flee to other countries, preventing justice. To address this, states adopt extradition agreements to hand suspected criminals back to the affected state. However, extradition is subject to several restrictions, including requiring a formal extradition treaty between the states, not extraditing people for political or religious crimes, requiring sufficient evidence of criminal acts, and only prosecuting extradited individuals for the crimes specified in the extradition request. In conclusion, while extradition is important for administering justice, it is
Intro to international humanitarian law by icrcTabi Khan
International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the Law of Armed Conflict, regulates armed conflict by limiting means and methods of warfare and limiting suffering. IHL protects civilians and those who are wounded, captured or detained. It originated from ancient customs and was modernized in the 1860s by Henry Dunant, who established the International Committee of the Red Cross and promoted the Geneva Conventions protecting wounded soldiers. The four 1949 Geneva Conventions and two 1977 Additional Protocols apply to international and non-international armed conflicts. IHL principles include distinction, proportionality, unnecessary suffering and military necessity. All parties in conflict, including non-state actors, must respect IHL.
Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherland.
Hague Convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as international law.
Jurisdiction active and passive personality, protective principle andAbsar Aftab Absar
The document discusses different principles of jurisdiction that states can exercise, including territoriality, nationality (active and passive personality), protective principle, and universal jurisdiction. It provides examples of how different states have applied these principles in national courts. The principles evolved to address transnational crimes and situations where territoriality alone was insufficient. Universal jurisdiction in particular remains an evolving principle that requires state consent through treaties or custom to apply to specific offenses.
International Humanitarian Law, (Lecture 15)- Distinction between internation...Nilendra Kumar
This presentation explains the nature of an armed conflict and the salient differences between international armed conflict and non international armed conflict while also highlighting its relevance there to.
This document provides an outline and objectives for analyzing key concepts relating to international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL). It discusses the interlinkages between public international law, international human rights law, IHL, and ICL. The document outlines the history and emergence of IHL and ICL, their key legal instruments and sources. It analyzes the application of ICL and categories of international crimes such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The connection between IHL and ICL is also discussed, particularly how violations of IHL can constitute war crimes under ICL.
The united nations-general assembly - ALL ABOUT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNtanushseshadri
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
The united nations-general assembly
SORRY I DIDNT HAVE TIME TO DO IT ON THE OTHER ORGANS
ALL ABOUT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UN
IT'S FUNCTIONS ETC
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 6 - Core Principles of IHLNilendra Kumar
This lecture lays down the application and the practice of International Humanitarian Law also known as Law of Armed Conflicts (LOAC). It gives a detailed explanation of the core principles of IHL.
The document discusses the history of war crimes, from one of the first occurrences of a war crimes trial of Peter von Hagenbach in 1474 to modern examples. It outlines the Geneva Conventions that seek to protect non-combatants and mentions ongoing conflicts in Darfur resulting in thousands of civilian deaths that may constitute genocide and war crimes. Several American soldiers are listed as having committed war crimes. The International Criminal Court was established to prosecute war criminals and has so far convicted 16 people.
International Criminal Court: Jurisdiction and IssuesJee Lee
The document discusses individual criminal liability under international law, outlining the history and jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) which prosecutes genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It explains the ICC's jurisdiction over these international crimes and how cases can be referred to the court by states, the UN Security Council, or initiated by the prosecutor. Issues relating to the ICC's impact on state sovereignty and selectivity of prosecutions are also addressed.
Table; Methods of peaceful settlement of international disputeszeyadjaffal
1. The document discusses various methods for the peaceful settlement of international disputes, including negotiation, mediation, inquiry, conciliation, and arbitration.
2. It provides definitions and characteristics of each method, as well as examples of past applications.
3. The final section describes the International Court of Justice, which functions as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and settles disputes through either contentious cases or advisory opinions.
A Critically Analysis of the Doctrine of Use of Force by States under Interna...Onyekachi Duru Esq
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a clear statement, assessment and critical analysis of the rules of international law governing the use of force by states.
This document discusses the legal framework governing armed conflict under international law. It outlines the purpose and key principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. It also discusses the relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law, and how both apply during armed conflict. Finally, it examines some of the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts, including issues around non-state armed groups and implementation of the law.
Consular and diplomatic_affairs_lecture_5Samer Salama
The document summarizes key aspects of diplomatic immunity and inviolability as outlined in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. It discusses that diplomatic missions and agents are inviolable and cannot be entered or arrested by the receiving state without consent. The receiving state must protect diplomatic premises and not allow any disturbances or threats to dignity. Immunity is conferred for criminal and most civil/administrative matters but excludes actions related to private property, inheritance, or professional/commercial activities. Immunity can be waived by the sending state. Diplomatic communications and bags are also inviolable and protected.
This document summarizes international humanitarian law (IHL), including its sources in customary international law and treaties like the Hague and Geneva Conventions. It describes the key principles of IHL like distinction, proportionality, and military necessity. It discusses the different types of armed conflicts and protected persons under IHL such as civilians, prisoners of war, and the wounded. It also outlines prohibitions on means and methods of warfare and the application of IHL to non-international armed conflicts.
International humanitarian law (IHL) has its origins in the 19th century but is based on older principles of mitigating human suffering during armed conflict. IHL is derived from both historical sources like the 1864 Geneva Convention and 1907 Hague Regulations, as well as modern treaties like the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols. These sources aim to balance military necessity with humanitarian protections for civilians and combatants. IHL also includes customary international law derived from widespread and consistent state practice followed out of a sense of legal obligation.
Chemical weapons use toxic chemicals to harm or kill. They include nerve agents like sarin that disrupt the nervous system, and blister agents like sulfur mustard that cause severe burns. While some countries used chemical weapons in past wars, their use has been banned by international treaties since 1993 due to their indiscriminate and inhumane effects on human health.
This document summarizes the types of chemical weapons, including nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, choking agents, and incapacitating agents. It provides examples of specific chemical weapons like phosgene, mustard gas, lewisite, hydrogen cyanide, soman, and chlorine. The document explains that chemical weapons cause death, injury or temporary incapacitation through chemical action on the lungs, skin, eyes or nervous system by interfering with oxygen absorption, blistering skin or causing difficulty breathing.
This presentation was delivered in Federal Civil Defence Pakistan (Ministry of Interior) by HSE Consultant Saad Abdul Wahab during the course of Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare.
Chemical weapons were first used during World War I as a means to overcome stalemates on the battlefield. Common chemical agents included chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas. While initially effective at killing enemies, chemical weapons caused painful deaths and long term health effects. The usage of chemical weapons contaminated environments, crops, soil, and harmed both soldiers and civilians. By 1918, their usage was widespread but less effective as countermeasures were developed. Today, chemical weapons are internationally outlawed due to their indiscriminate and inhumane effects.
VX é um gás tóxico asfixiante criado pelo governo inglês em 1952. É um líquido incolor e inodoro extremamente tóxico, 300 vezes mais forte que o fosgênio, e letal em doses muito pequenas. Sua exposição causa sintomas como náusea, vômito, espasmos musculares e dificuldades respiratórias, levando à morte. A atropina é o antídoto mais eficaz contra os efeitos do VX.
This document provides information on various toxic agents that can be used for warfare or terrorism. It discusses chemical weapons used in World War I, including mustard gas and chlorine gas. It also outlines various classes of chemical agents such as nerve agents, blister agents, and choking agents. The document details some specific toxic industrial chemicals and biological toxins that could be used by terrorists, such as hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, ricin, and botulinum toxin. It also categorizes infectious disease agents into different priority levels by the CDC based on their impact and dissemination potential. In addition, the document touches on the history and mechanics of nuclear weapons, including fission and fusion processes.
The document discusses the history and types of chemical warfare agents, including their qualities and classes such as nerve agents, asphyxiants, vesicants, choking agents, and tearing agents. It describes the signs and symptoms of exposure to these agents as well as their management, which involves personal protection, decontamination, supportive care, and specific antidotes for some agents like nerve gases and cyanide poisoning. The document also references the use of chemical weapons in past wars and recent conflicts like the Syrian civil war.
This document provides an introduction to the two-volume encyclopedia "Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History". Volume I focuses on chemical and biological weapons. It discusses how the term "weapons of mass destruction" emerged in the 1930s to refer to indiscriminate killing through modern weapons like aircraft and chemical weapons. While many states developed chemical and biological weapons during World War II and the Cold War, the U.S. military was never enthusiastic about their use and saw them as deterrents only to be used in retaliation. By the early 1990s, the U.S. had abandoned their offensive use while maintaining research programs. The encyclopedia aims to provide a comprehensive
The document discusses various types of weapons of mass destruction including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons. It describes the key agents and effects of chemical weapons such as nerve, blister and choking agents. It also discusses biological weapons and conventions banning chemical and biological weapons. The document then covers the basics of nuclear warfare including the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear weapon effects and various nuclear weapons treaties.
The document discusses biological warfare and biological weapons. It defines biological warfare as using biological agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi to harm or kill humans, animals, and plants. It provides examples of historical uses of biological weapons and diseases used in warfare like anthrax and glanders. The document outlines the development of biological weapons by nations in the 20th century and bans on their use through treaties. However, it notes that some countries still maintain secret biological weapons programs today in violation of treaties.
The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) effectively prohibits the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of biological and toxin weapons. It was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning an entire category of weapons of mass destruction. The BWC aims to eliminate biological weapons and strengthen global health security by promoting cooperation on peaceful uses of biology.
The document provides an overview of non-proliferation and disarmament, including:
- The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) which aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament. It outlines the key provisions and challenges of implementing the NPT.
- The Philippine constitution and policies related to non-proliferation, highlighting that the Philippines renounces war and has ratified numerous treaties and participates in initiatives related to weapons control and disarmament.
- Some of the challenges in achieving non-proliferation and realizing a world without nuclear weapons, such
The document discusses several key arms control agreements:
1) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) aims to limit the spread of nuclear weapons globally and has three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear energy. It faces criticism for creating a division between nuclear and non-nuclear states.
2) The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions and has been signed by 180 states but not ratified by all key countries including the US and China. India initially rejected the CTBT as discriminatory but is reevaluating its position.
3) Other agreements discussed include the Missile Technology Control Regime which aims
This document summarizes the proceedings of the General Assembly First Committee (GA1) session held from 29 March to 2 April 2015. The GA1 considered three agenda items: prohibiting lethal autonomous weapons systems, controlling biological weapons in the modern era, and confidence-building measures in regional contexts. Over the course of the session, the committee adopted eight draft resolutions on controlling biological weapons by simple majority votes. The resolutions addressed a wide range of issues such as promoting public awareness of biological threats, preventing non-state actors from acquiring biological weapons, and increasing accountability for preventing the misuse of biological materials.
Arms Control And Disarmament A Bibliographic EssayLisa Graves
1) The document summarizes key outcomes of the 2000 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
2) The conference resulted in an agreement on 13 steps to further the goals of the NPT, including ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, negotiating a fissile material cutoff treaty, and further reducing nuclear stockpiles.
3) A highlight was an unequivocal commitment by nuclear weapons states to the total elimination of nuclear weapons, though views differed on the timeline and mechanisms for disarmament.
The Australia Group is an informal arrangement of over 40 countries and the European Union that aims to prevent the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons through harmonized export controls. The Group develops "control lists" of chemical, biological, and dual-use materials and equipment that require export licenses to minimize the risk they will be used for chemical or biological weapons programs. While not legally binding, the cooperation of Group members strengthens implementation of international treaties banning chemical and biological weapons.
The document discusses several topics related to real estate, ceasefire agreements, disarmament conferences, and firecrackers.
1. The Supreme Court has intervened to protect homebuyers from exploitation by builders who delay housing project completion. The Real Estate Regulatory Authority Act of 2016 aimed to increase transparency but has seen limited implementation.
2. India and Pakistan had largely observed a 2003 ceasefire agreement along the Line of Control until recent years which have seen increasing violations.
3. The annual Conference on Disarmament in Geneva addresses global non-proliferation issues. India supports strengthening the Chemical Weapons Convention and related OPCW organization.
The document summarizes the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), including its history, objectives, and verification regime. Key points include:
1) The CTBT prohibits all nuclear explosions, for both military and peaceful purposes. It was adopted by the UN in 1996 but has not entered into force due to some nations not ratifying it.
2) The CTBT establishes an international monitoring system to detect nuclear tests using seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide technologies. It also provides for on-site inspections and mechanisms for resolving compliance issues.
3) For the CTBT to enter into force, it must be ratified by 44 specific nations that
This document summarizes a United Nations project aimed at enhancing cooperation and coordination between UN agencies and international organizations in responding to chemical or biological terrorist attacks. The project brought together 18 UN offices and agencies as well as other international bodies to analyze response capabilities and identify gaps. It produced several key outputs including a scenario-based gap analysis, common terminology, and an evaluation of an inter-agency tabletop exercise. The overall goal is to improve international planning and tools for coordinated response to threats from chemical or biological weapons terrorism.
The document discusses the importance of disarmament and arms control in reducing threats from nuclear weapons and achieving peace. It notes that we must choose between disarmament, a divided world, or total destruction. Over 30,000 nuclear weapons currently exist worldwide in the arsenals of 9 states. The document outlines the differences between disarmament and arms control, and various international treaties and organizations working on limiting weapons proliferation and reducing stockpiles. While progress has been mixed, continued cooperation on binding agreements is important for global security.
"Problems of small arms and light weapons in the ECOWAS region"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Nairobi, Kenya | 26-27 November 2014
The document discusses the International Day Against Nuclear Tests, observed annually on August 29th. It was established in 2009 by the UN to increase awareness of the effects of nuclear weapons testing and the goal of a nuclear-weapon-free world. The day commemorates the closure of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan in 1991. The document also discusses nuclear non-proliferation efforts including the NPT, IAEA safeguards, India's stance on the NPT, and failures to prevent proliferation to countries like India, Pakistan and Israel. It concludes that universal nuclear weapons bans and impartial monitoring are needed for non-proliferation agreements and policies to be successful.
The document discusses bioethics, biosafety, and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). It defines bioethics as concerning ethical issues from advances in biology/medicine. Biosafety refers to ensuring safety of biological organisms. The BWC bans biological weapons and has faced challenges like lack of verification and non-compliance from some states. The future of the BWC is uncertain as approaches shift away from a binding protocol to gradual, subject-specific measures.
1) 2015 is an important year for international chemical safety as two key conferences will take place - the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions in March and the International Conference on Chemicals Management in September.
2) Both conferences aim to agree on specific actions to meet their objectives and contribute to the UN's sustainable development goals.
3) Experts describe international efforts for sound chemicals management as "not yet there" due to the slow pace of international law and the complex consensus-building process between countries.
The document discusses several international legal instruments related to nuclear safety established by the IAEA:
1) Key conventions include the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS), Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management, and conventions on early notification of nuclear accidents and assistance in case of accidents.
2) The conventions establish requirements for contracting parties to report on their implementation of safety obligations and are overseen by a peer review process.
3) The document also discusses non-binding Codes of Conduct for radioactive sources and research reactors that provide guidance to harmonize national laws and policies.
4) The IAEA Safety Standards Series establishes fundamental safety principles and requirements covering various fields of nuclear safety.
This document discusses multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). It defines MEAs as legally binding instruments between two or more nation states dealing with some aspect of the environment. It notes that MEAs have proliferated in recent decades in response to growing awareness of environmental issues. However, this proliferation has resulted in overlaps and dispersed efforts between agreements. There are ongoing efforts to cluster and integrate MEAs to improve coordination and reduce duplication between international agreements governing the environment.
United Nations organisations and its organs .pptx9jz8vgkshv
The United Nations was founded in 1945 and currently has 193 member states. It is governed by its charter and deals with establishing international peace and security, protecting human rights, providing humanitarian aid, and upholding international law. The UN is made up of several main organs that carry out its work, including the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, and International Court of Justice. The UN Secretariat, led by the Secretary-General, carries out the daily operations of the organization to achieve its goals.
This document discusses several US joint operation concepts including the Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC) and Air-Sea Battle Concept (ASBC) and their relevance to US-Japan defense cooperation. It provides background on the concepts, describing JOAC as focusing on cross-domain synergy to gain access in contested areas and ASBC as maintaining access to global commons against anti-access/area denial threats through networked, integrated attacks. It also examines options for applying JOAC in the Asia-Pacific region and Japan's potential supporting role in strengthening regional defense posture.
The document summarizes Abenomics, the economic policies of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, in 3 key points:
1. Abenomics consists of aggressive monetary easing by the Bank of Japan, fiscal stimulus spending, and a growth strategy.
2. Supporters believe Abenomics could lead to a virtuous cycle of reflation and strong economic growth in 2013, while critics warn of risks like a bursting bubble from disappointing results or a global economic slowdown.
3. The largest threat to Japan's economy is deflation, similar to how the U.S. chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff previously said the largest threat to U.S. national security is its debt
Abe's first administration failed due to a "cabinet of friends" where background checks were lenient, resulting in many verbal gaffes and scandals from ministers. This included resignations over affairs, expenses, and inappropriate comments. Additionally, Japanese citizens had very high expectations that were not met due to Abe's deteriorating health from ulcerative colitis.
1) The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable implementation of UNSCR 1540, which aims to prevent weapons of mass destruction proliferation. These approaches include developing a robust security culture among key stakeholders and nurturing associated values.
2) It describes developing a "holistic CBRN security culture" through a two-tiered architecture of national leadership and facility-level management, behaviors, and beliefs.
3) The University of Georgia's Center for International Trade and Security promotes sustainable implementation through integrated training, education, and sharing of best practices with governments, industries, and international organizations.
Resolution 1540 and civil society presentation-perkins vienna-8-10-jan2013stimson
The document summarizes opportunities for civil society engagement with Resolution 1540, which aims to prevent non-state actors from accessing weapons of mass destruction. It notes that effective implementation requires international cooperation and a "whole of society" approach. It outlines ways civil society can help strengthen national implementation, build capacity, and identify best practices to support Resolution 1540's goals of preventing proliferation and catastrophic violence.
This document discusses the role that civil society organizations can play in supporting governments' implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540, which aims to prevent weapons of mass destruction from being used by terrorists. It outlines several ways civil society can help, such as monitoring government compliance, raising awareness of 1540, sharing information, providing legal and technical expertise, training, fundraising, and building networks. The document recommends that civil society organizations assess their countries' implementation programs, notify the UN of their expertise, coordinate activities internationally, and develop a database of civil society capabilities to support 1540.
07 irma arguello the role of civil society in raising awarenessstimson
The document discusses the role of civil society in supporting the successful implementation of UNSCR 1540. It makes four key points:
1) UNSCR 1540 provides a framework but faces challenges in implementation. Civil society can complement government efforts.
2) Civil society plays an important but unrecognized role in facilitating 1540's goals through awareness raising, advice, and capacity building.
3) Raising awareness and understanding of 1540's relevance is essential for successful implementation and overcoming doubts.
4) Lines of action that could make a difference include the UNSC formally recognizing civil society's role, accrediting organizations, and encouraging state-civil society partnerships to fill capacity gaps.
The document discusses the role of ethics in civil society and governance. It provides examples of how ethics oversight is institutionalized in medicine through committees and international declarations. It also describes the European Commission's ethics review and audit system for research projects, which includes experts from civil society and aims to solve problems before they arise through a multidisciplinary approach. While the system provides advantages, it also faces challenges such as thresholds and differing national regulations. The conclusion is that if ethics is about doing things the right way, it should have a role in non-proliferation and implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1540.
This document discusses the need for a hybrid framework to address challenges in today's interconnected world. It argues that modern threats do not fall neatly into traditional defense, security, and development categories. A wider range of stakeholders, including mayors, corporations, and civil society groups, must be involved in solutions. The document calls for expanded partnerships that bring together public policy and business interests to counter threats in innovative ways, as bad actors are already doing. It maintains that political and security structures need to evolve for the 21st century as globalization continues.
The document discusses global security and development challenges and the role of innovative partnerships. It outlines Johan Bergenäs' presentation on emerging adjacent markets for the aerospace, defense, and security sector, including discussions on globalization, illicit drug trafficking, piracy, weaknesses in societies, and market opportunities in the sector estimated at $200 billion currently and potentially $40 trillion over the next 25 years. The presentation proposes a hybrid framework for partnerships in today's hybrid world and managing challenges across boundaries.
This document provides information about a talk on WMD threats and counterproliferation given by Brian Finlay of the Stimson Center. The Stimson Center is a nonprofit national security think tank focused on strengthening international peace and security institutions, building regional security, and reducing weapons of mass destruction and transnational threats. Finlay argues that transnational challenges like WMD proliferation have become so widespread that they threaten to overwhelm governments, and that innovative public-private partnerships are needed to mitigate these threats. He identifies the global south and supply chain industry as critical but untapped partners that could help through enhanced information sharing, transparency, and screening standards within supply chains.
The document discusses methods and strategies for more effectively implementing the European Security Strategy, focusing on bridging the divide between security and development. It provides the example of the Stimson Center's "dual benefit" model for building counterterrorism and nonproliferation capacity, which links WMD nonproliferation assistance to areas like border security or public health. This model aims to help donor and partner countries achieve both security and development goals. The document also questions how this divide can be bridged in practice and explores applying the model's goals of bridging security/development and reinforcing multilateral cooperation to strategic areas like Africa.
The document discusses methods and strategies for more effectively implementing the European Security Strategy, focusing on bridging the divide between security and development. It provides the example of the Stimson Center's "dual benefit" model for building counterterrorism and nonproliferation capacity, which links assistance in one area like border controls for weapons to help in another area like drug trafficking prevention. This model aims to help donor and partner countries achieve both security and development goals simultaneously. The document also questions how this divide can be bridged in practice and explores applying this model in Africa to reinforce the multilateral system while helping countries achieve overlapping objectives from the European Security Strategy and initiatives like the Millennium Development Goals.
1. The document summarizes the implications of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CJK FTA) for Taiwan.
2. It finds that TPP will impact China's rule-making and increase sectoral competition, especially in electronics, machinery, and apparel.
3. China is responding by strengthening bilateral trade deals and regional partnerships like the CJK FTA to maintain influence, though members have differing priorities and sensitivities in sectors like agriculture, services, and manufacturing.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Col. Koichi Nishitani presents Japan's air defense capabilities and argues for changes needed in the next decade. He outlines Japan's current air defense situation and challenges, including delays in modernization, dependence on US capabilities, and lack of dynamic deterrence. He advocates for key future elements like effective deterrence through weapons modernization, improved information sharing and network-centric warfare capabilities, better joint operations, enhanced international cooperation abilities, and strengthened defense infrastructure through reforms. Nishitani concludes by calling for bold changes that break from the past to establish successful new air defense capabilities for Japan.
Future defense exchange and security dialogue between japan and gcc countriesstimson
This document discusses future defense exchanges between Japan and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It provides context on economic and diplomatic relations between the regions. It outlines Japan Self-Defense Force activities in the Middle East, including minesweeping, peacekeeping, and humanitarian assistance. It identifies regional security challenges such as missile defense and maritime security that future cooperation could address. The document proposes initial confidence-building measures and exchanges between militaries, with the goal of contributing to regional stability.
The meaning of jasdf's airlift operation in iraq & jasd fs future challengestimson
The document discusses Japan's airlift operation in Iraq from 2004 to 2008 and future challenges for the Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF). [1] The JASDF conducted airlift missions under surface-to-air threats to transport personnel and cargo from Kuwait to bases in Iraq. [2] The mission required constructing foreign bases, rotating large numbers of personnel, and operating in an unfamiliar region. [3] The operation improved JASDF's international cooperation abilities and intelligence capabilities, but future challenges include enhancing intelligence, accumulating experience, and strengthening relationships with allies like the US.
Status and future_challenge_of_jgsdf_in_ipcastimson
The document discusses the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force's (JGSDF) international peace cooperation activities and capacity building efforts. It provides an overview of the JGSDF's past peacekeeping operations and disaster relief missions. It also examines how the new 2010 National Defense Program Guidelines may impact the JGSDF's future international activities, including a greater focus on developing other countries' security capabilities. Challenges to conducting more effective missions are also noted.
This document summarizes a seminar for states in the Andean region on nuclear security. It discusses IAEA assistance to states through projects, verification, advisory services, and training to strengthen national nuclear security and the legal framework. The document emphasizes that effective nuclear security is an ongoing process that protects people and builds confidence in the peaceful use of nuclear technology.
1. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
Seminar for the Andean Region States: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540,
12-14 March 2012, MFA, Bogota, Colombia
THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS
CONVENTION, THE OPCW AND
NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
MEASURES
Mr Karim Hammoud Ms Vera Hanus
Senior Legal Officer Political Affairs Officer
Office of the Legal Adviser Government Relations and Political Affairs
OPCW Technical Secretariat External Relations Division
www.opcw.org 1 1
ORGANISATION FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS
2. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540
and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
UNSCR 1540 (2004) reaffirms that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical
and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitute a threat
to international peace and security
UNSCR 1540 reinforces already existing obligations of States under multilateral
disarmament and non-proliferation instruments including the CWC
UNSCR 1540 and the CWC share the common objective of international
peace and security in accordance with the UN Charter
Implementation of the CWC advances UNSCR 1540 objectives
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3. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention - Key Features
Non-discriminatory, verifiable and comprehensive multilateral disarmament
and non-proliferation regime
Creates complete ban of Chemical Weapons (development, production,
stockpiling and use) and
Aims to eliminate an entire category of WMD under stringent
international verification
Institutional structure of OPCW for implementation assistance
Verification and inspection capacities and transfer restrictions
OPCW maintains a destruction verification and industry inspection capacity
on a global scale
Establishes a chemicals regime and global transfer restrictions
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4. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention - the Four Pillars
Destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles and their associated production
facilities (Article I, III, IV and V)
Non-proliferation - chemical industry only engage in permitted activities
(Article VI)
Assistance and protection (Article X)
International Cooperation - including the promotion of peaceful
uses of chemistry (Article XI)
The Convention provides core definitions, a legal framework and the
institutional support structure for effecting the prohibitions and to help
Implement relevant provisions.
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5. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention - States’ obligations
States Parties undertake to …
Declare and destroy all their chemical weapons and CW production
facilities under strict international verification
Ensure that toxic and precursor chemicals are only used for
legitimate purposes (national implementation measures, declarations,
verification)
Provide assistance, through the OPCW, in case of CW use against
a State Party
Facilitate international cooperation in the peaceful application of chemistry
for permitted purposes
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6. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention - States’ obligations
States Parties undertake NOT to …
Develop, produce, stockpile, transfer or use chemical weapons
Engage in any military preparations for the use of chemical weapons
Assist, encourage or induce anyone, in any way, in any activity
prohibited for a State Party under the Convention
Use riot control agents as a method of warfare
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7. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The CWC - Verification and Inspection
Verification regime:
stringent verification system, including the verification of destruction of
weapons stockpiles and declarations by States Parties
Inspection regime:
Routine inspections of chemical industry and facilities
Challenge inspection - investigate/verify alleged non-compliance
or illegal activity (approval from the Executive Council required)
Investigation of alleged use of CW
Carried out in accordance with Article IX or X
In case of alleged use of CW involving a State not Party:
Cooperation with the UNSG
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8. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The OPCW
Provides a forum for cooperation and consultation among States
Parties on all issues pertaining to the implementation of the CWC
Provides support to States Parties in the implementation of the CWC
OPCW Organs:
Conference of States Parties (Policy-Making Organ)
All Member States represented, main PMO
Convenes five-year Review Conferences (next in April 2013)
Executive Council (Policy-Making Organ)
Representatives of 41 Member States serve two-year terms
Executive organ, responsible to the Conference
Technical Secretariat
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9. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The OPCW - accomplishments and challenges
OPCW accomplishments:
In its 15 years of operation since 1997, CWC/OPCW membership grew to
188 States Parties, representing 98% of the global population
Destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles: approx three quarters will
have been destroyed by April 2012 under international verification
100% of declared chemical weapons destruction facilities have been
inactivated or converted
Active global industry regime which contributes to the prevention of the
spread of chemical weapons and/or toxic chemicals
Protection and assistance and International Cooperation as
additional benefits for States Parties
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10. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
The OPCW - accomplishments and challenges
Challenges ahead:
Universality
Destruction deadlines/mid to long-term outlook
From emphasis on destruction to prevention of
re-emergence of chemical weapons
Working towards full national implementation
Reflection process on strategic direction
(Advisory Panel, Ambassadors’ retreat)
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11. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
ARTICLE VII KEY PROVISIONS
1. Obligation for each State Party, in accordance with its constitutional
processes, to adopt the necessary measures to implement its obligations under
the CWC, in particular by:
a) Promulgating a penal legislation (prohibitions and sanctions for
non-state actors)
c) Ensuring the extraterritorial application of the penal legislation
4. Obligation to establish or designate a National Authority
5. Obligation to inform the OPCW of the measures taken to implement the
CWC
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12. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
- BASIC STRUCTURE OF A NATIONAL IMPLEMENTING LEGISLATION-
Main CWC-related definition (Art. II CWC)
Legal basis for the establishment of a National Authority
Prohibitions (Art. I CWC) (OP 2 UNSC 1540)
Control regime for scheduled chemicals and discrete organic chemicals (Art.
VI CWC) (OP 3 UNSC1540)
Control regime for categories of chemicals, basis for implementing
regulation (declaration and licensing)
International inspections (Verification Annex)
Further implementing provisions: forfeiture, confidentiality and legal
assistance (Art. VII 6) and Confidentiality Annex)
Penal provisions (Art. VII CWC) (OP 3 d) UNSC 1540)
Final provisions
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13. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
REPORTING ON ART. VII a) to c) OBLIGATIONS
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14. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
REPORTING ON OTHER OBLIGATIONS
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15. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
National implementation of the CWC by States Parties
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16. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
CONCLUSIONS REACHED DURING THE 13TH ANNUAL
MEETING OF NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, 25 – 27
NOVEMBER 2011
OPCW, THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS
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17. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
1. Identification of the key players-stakeholders
The GOVERNMENT: Interested Ministries (MFA, Industry, Trade, Defence,
Environment, Health), Interested public agencies, Local government, if
applicable
The PARLIAMENT: adoption of the legislation
The CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES: collection of data on declarable imports and
exports of chemicals and the enforcement of trade measures
The POLICE: enforcement of laws and regulations
The JUDICIARY AUTHORITIES: implementation of penal provisions, and
legal assistance and cooperation
The INDUSTRY AND TRADERS: carry out activities under the CWC
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18. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
2. Essential cooperation among key players-stakeholders
Raise awareness among all stakeholders;
Constitutional (monist vs dualist) and legal system (common vs civil);
Adapt/adjust national legal framework;
Submit text of legislation;
Identifying “champions” within the Executive and the Legislative
branches;
Capacity to implement and enforce the legislation/regulation;
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19. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE ADVISORY PANEL
REGARDING
THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CWC
(S/951/2011)
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20. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
Border control and law enforcement measures need to be applied by (all) States
Parties to detect, deter, prevent and combat illicit trafficking and brokering of chemical
weapons, and of dual use goods that could be used for chemical weapons purposes. The
OPCW should assist and encourage States Parties in this regard and ensure that there will
be a “level playing field” for such controls to avoid loopholes as well as discrimination.
Governments supported by their chemical industry, research, academia and other relevant
sectors of society, should lead to the development of a culture of compliance based on
adequate laws and regulations and underpinned by self-regulation and conscious
participation in the implementation of the requirements of the Convention by all
stakeholders.
The Director-General may also consider setting up a group of experts from chemical
industry to advise the OPCW on how to better interact with the chemical industry, as
the Panel duly noted the concerns in the chemical industry caused by misgivings about the
uneven implementation of the Convention by different States Parties which causes gaps in
declarations and unequal regulatory treatment of chemical companies in different States
Parties.
For the OPCW Technical Secretariat, providing tailored and sustainable technical
assistance (“implementation support”) to States Parties should remain one of the highest
priorities.
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21. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
OPCW LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANCE
PROGRAMME
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22. Working together for a world free of chemical weapons
OPCW LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME
ASSISTANCE IN DRAFTING LEGISLATION
• Review and comment of draft implementing texts
• Review of existing measures with a view to prepare suggestions as to possible
amendments or in order to identify areas which could benefit from
complementary measures
WORKSHOPS AND SEMINARS
Regional, subregional, and national thematic workshops for legislative drafters, for
inspection escorts, or for customs officials …
ON-SITE TAVs
Provision of general or tailor made legal advice at meetings of National Authorities,
(including drafting and awareness raising sessions)
REFERENCE MATERIAL
FELLOWSHIP
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Editor's Notes
Pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article VII of the Chemical Weapons Convention, each State Party to the Convention shall inform the OPCW of the legislative and administrative measures taken to implement the Convention, including all amendments to existing measures of which the OPCW has already been notified. In addition the Plan of Action regarding the implementation of Article VII obligations adopted by the Conference at its Eighth Session (C ‑ 8/DEC.16, dated 24 October 2003) underlines the importance that the States Parties are to provide the Technical Secretariat with the full text of national implementing legislation, including updates. Information provided by States Parties will be, in accordance with operative paragraph 7 of decision C-14/DEC.12 dated 4 December 2009, compiled in annual reports to the Executive Council on the status of national implementation measures, which the Council will consider and submit to the Conference together with its recommendations, as appropriate. One reports addresses obligations pursuant to paragraphs 1(a) to 1(c) of Article VII and other obligations, including those pursuant to subparagraph 2(e) of Article XI of the CWC; the other addresses the other national implementation measures, including those contained in the Plan of Action.
Basic structure for Regulations ( underligned are the provisions that have their equivalent in the UNSC 1540 Resolution) (Modalities) Licensing of schedule 1 facilities (Part. VI of VA) ( OP 3 UNSC 1540) Permits for import or export of schedules 1, 2 and 3 chemicals (Part VI, VII, VIII of VA) ( OP 3 c) UNSC 1540) Reporting and information (Part VI, VII, VIII of VA) ( OP 3 d) UNSC 1540) - Production, processing and consumption - Transfers of Schedules 1, 2 or 3 chemicals - Record-keeping OPCW inspections - Pre-inspection activities - Procedures during inspections - Post-inspection procedures - Samples
Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas (overall figure): 88 out of 188 (47%) Text of adopted measures provided (overall figure): 122 (65%) Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas in Africa: 11 out of 50 (22%) Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas in Asia: 20 out of 51 (39%) Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas in Eastern Europe: 23 out of 25 (92%) Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas in the Group of Latin American and Caribbean States: 9 out of 33 (27%) Number of States Parties with legislation covering all key areas in Western European and Other States Group: 25 out of 29 (86%) Number of legislative assistance interventions provided by OPCW since the adoption of the plan of action: 339
Support to build national capacity could include: The strengthening of National Authorities and systems involved in the Convention’s implementation. The offer of legislative advices/assistances, financial and technical support. The development and design of model structures in support of the strengthening of national capacity to apply the norms of the Convention. Regional and global networking, assistance with awareness raising and building stakeholder relations, Training of national implementation personnel and the sharing of best practices among States Parties.
TOOLS AVAILABLE Designation or establishment of a National Authority Notification Form Checklist for the legislator Questionnaire on the Implementation of Trade Measures Under the Convention National Legislation -Implementation Kit for the CWC Model decree on the establishment of a National Authority OPCW National implementation Legislation Database